Using fairy tale therapy in working with preschool children

The use of fairy tale therapy in working with preschool childrenpresentation on the topic

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“A fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it - a lesson for good fellows.” A fairy tale is one of the first types of artistic creativity that a child is introduced to. There is probably not a single child who would be indifferent to a fairy tale. After all, fairy tales are full of folk wisdom, they help you learn to listen to another person, teach you to see good and evil. A fairy tale helps a child learn to cope with difficulties and teaches him to find different ways out of difficult situations. A fairy tale told in time can help a child solve his childhood problem, gain self-confidence, and cure childhood fears. In the end, fairy tales can direct a child’s energy in the right direction - the direction of self-knowledge and boundless creativity. “Fairy tales can help educate the mind, give keys to enter reality in new ways, can help a child learn about the world and give him imagination” D. Rodari

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Fairytale therapy Fairytale therapy is one of the types of health-saving technologies. It is an innovative method in working with children, which allows you to gently and unobtrusively influence a child with the help of a fairy tale, while solving a variety of problems. A fairy tale is the most effective and proven way and means of raising and teaching children, as well as one of the effective methods of working with children experiencing certain emotional and behavioral difficulties. In what cases is “fairy tale treatment” appropriate? It is necessary if the child has emotional, personal and behavioral problems: aggressiveness, anxiety, fears, moodiness, shyness and self-doubt. A fairy tale allows a child to actualize, realize his problems, and see different ways to solve them.

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Types of fairy tales (classification by Zinkevich - Evstigneeva):

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Fictional tales Fictional tales are divided into folk and author's tales. Folk tales contribute to the education of moral and aesthetic feelings: mutual assistance, support, empathy, sympathy, duty, responsibility, etc. Thus, the fairy tale “Turnip” clearly reflects the fact that the help and support of other people allows one to achieve a goal that is beyond the power of one person . The main idea of the fairy tale “Masha and the Bear” is that you can always find a way out of any difficult situation, the main thing is not strength, but ingenuity.

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Didactic fairy tales Didactic fairy tales are used to present children with educational knowledge that is new to them. In these fairy tales, symbols that are abstract for a child: letters, numbers, sounds become animated and tell about concepts that are new to the child. Educational and cognitive material presented in the context of a fairy tale is more easily perceived by the child, which means the learning process becomes more effective.

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Diagnostic fairy tales Diagnostic fairy tales allow you to determine whether a child has a problem, as well as determine his character and attitude to what surrounds him. For example, if a child prefers fairy tales where the main character is a cowardly bunny, then we can assume that he himself is quite shy, with an increased level of anxiety. A diagnostic fairy tale can help identify a child’s condition that he does not want or cannot talk about out loud.

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Psychocorrectional fairy tales Psychocorrectional fairy tales help an adult to gently influence the child’s behavior, “replacing” an ineffective style of behavior with a more productive one and explaining to the child the meaning of what is happening, that is, unobtrusively, in a fairy-tale-magical form, the child is offered a positive example of behavior, and it is not surprising that the child will behave yourself just like a fairy-tale hero. He will strive to use the example of a positive hero in the fight against his fears and problems.

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Meditative fairy tales Meditative fairy tales activate children's positive emotions and teach them a positive attitude. A feature of these fairy tales is the absence of negative characters and conflict situations. Meditative tales are told to the accompaniment of special music that promotes relaxation. Such fairy tales calm, evoke positive emotions, instill harmony with oneself and others, inspire self-confidence, create an atmosphere of positivity, calm, comfort, relaxation, and relieve stress and excitement. The nature of these tales is a journey. The principle of constructing a fairy tale is simple: calm music plays for 30-40 seconds. The child takes a deep breath and exhales. The teacher says: “Now you and I are going on a journey to a beautiful fairyland...” or “to a magical forest...”

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Each group of fairy tales has its own age children's audience. Children 3-5 years old most understand and relate to fairy tales about animals and fairy tales about the interaction between people and animals. At this age, children often identify themselves with animals and easily transform into them, copying their behavior. Starting from the age of 5, the child identifies himself mainly with human characters: princes, princesses, soldiers, and he likes fairy tales about people, because these stories contain a story about how a person experiences the world. The fairytale therapy method can be used with children as young as 3 years old. Zinkevich - Evstigneeva reads that fairy tales, like medicine, can be used from the age of 4, because fairy tale therapy becomes an effective means of influence only when a person clearly understands the difference between fairy tales and fiction from life and reality. And in a child, this awareness begins just at the turn of 4 years.

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Reading a fairy tale and its analysis The goal is awareness, interpretation of what is behind each fairy-tale situation, behind the construction of the plot, behind the behavior of the characters. After children listen to a fairy tale, they are asked a series of questions: What is the fairy tale about? What do you remember most? Which heroes do you remember? Why? What happened to this or that character? What feelings arose while reading? At what moments were you happy? Which ones are sad? Did you feel sorry for anyone? What feelings, what mood after the fairy tale? Does this really happen in life? Have you ever experienced similar situations? What can we learn from this tale? Techniques for working with a fairy tale:

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Techniques for working with a fairy tale: Telling fairy tales: Telling a fairy tale in the first or third person. You can invite the child to tell a fairy tale on behalf of other characters participating or not participating in the fairy tale. For example, how the Fox, Baba Yaga or Vasilisa the Wise would tell the fairy tale about Kolobok. “Let's try to tell the story of Kolobok through the eyes of Baba Yaga, the Fox, Vasilisa the Wise, or the stump on which Kolobok sat.” Group storytelling. Each of the group of children takes turns telling a small piece of a well-known fairy tale. Telling a famous fairy tale and inventing a sequel to it. Group creation of a fairy tale. The first child says the first phrase: “In a certain kingdom, in a certain state...”, the next child adds one or two phrases to the fairy-tale phrase, etc. This technique helps develop voluntary memory; fantasy and imagination; the ability to express one's thoughts; listening skills.

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Playing out episodes of a fairy tale, dramatization Playing out episodes allows the child to feel some emotionally significant situations and play out emotions, playing out a fairy tale in roles. The child intuitively chooses a “healing” role for himself. And here it is necessary to give the role of the screenwriter to the child himself, then the problematic moments will definitely be played out. Staging fairy tales with the help of dolls When working with a doll, the child sees that his every action is immediately reflected in the doll’s behavior. This helps him independently correct his movements and make the doll’s behavior as expressive as possible. Working with dolls allows you to improve and express through a doll those emotions that a child, for some reason, usually cannot allow himself to express. Drawing based on a fairy tale - drawing the most significant passage for a child; favorite fairy-tale hero, fairy-tale land By drawing or working with various materials, the child embodies everything that worries him, feelings and thoughts, freeing himself from anxiety or other feelings that bothered him. Techniques for working with a fairy tale:

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The structure of a fairytale therapy session contains: The ritual of “entering a fairy tale” (the mood for working together). For example, passing a magic ball in a circle, passing through a magic hoop, a ritual saying: “The good sorceress invited us to visit, quietly opened the doors to a fairy tale for us.” “A fairy tale has come to visit us, it’s time for us to welcome it!” The main part, where the teacher tells the children a new fairy tale, uses a variety of techniques for working with the fairy tale (discussion, asking questions to children, dramatizing the fairy tale, drawing the fairy tale). The teacher discusses and analyzes with the children in what situations in their lives they can use the experience that they have acquired Today. Summarizing Summarize the experience gained and connect it with existing experience. The teacher sums up the lesson. He clearly states the sequence of what happened in the classroom, notes individual children for their merits, emphasizes the significance of the experience gained, and pronounces specific real-life situations in which children can use the experience that they have acquired today. Ritual of “coming out of a fairy tale.” Children, standing in a circle, say: “We take with us everything important that happened to us today, everything we learned.”

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Once upon a time we lived... The beginning of a fairy tale, a meeting with its heroes. First of all, choose a hero close to the child in gender, age, and character. For children 3-4 years old, it is recommended to make toys, little people and animals the main characters of fairy tales. Starting from the age of 5 - fairies, wizards, princesses, princes, soldiers And suddenly one day... The hero faces some kind of problem, conflict that coincides with the problem of the child. Describe the hero’s life in a fairy-tale land so that the child finds similarities with his own life, and attribute all the child’s experiences to the hero. Because of this…. It is shown what the solution to the problem is, and how the heroes of the fairy tale do it. Climax The heroes of the fairy tale cope with difficulties Denouement The result of the actions of the heroes of the fairy tale: “-” - the hero who committed a bad deed is punished; “+” - the hero who goes through all the tests, shows his best qualities, is rewarded. The denouement of a correctional fairy tale should be positive. The moral of this fairy tale is this... The heroes of the fairy tale learn lessons from their actions, their lives change radically. Writing fairy tales In order for a fairy tale or story to gain power and provide help, it is necessary that the fairy tale plot unfold in a certain sequence:

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When children find themselves in a fairy tale, they easily perceive “fairy tale laws” - norms and rules of behavior. By emotionally discharging, releasing clamps, “playing out” fear, anxiety, aggression or guilt deeply hidden in the subconscious, children become softer, kinder, more self-confident, more receptive to people and the world around them. Fairytale therapy is one of the most effective types of pedagogical health-saving technologies, in the process of which all components of children’s health are involved. Having started using fairy tale therapy methods in your work, you need to remember that you should not expect results from fairy tale treatment right away, but there is no doubt that they will come. After all, work, patience and kindness, as in any fairy tale, will definitely be rewarded. Try it! I am sure that your students will like this technique and will help you in your work!

"Fairytale therapy in the life of preschool children"

Author: Yatsinyak Natalya Vladimirovna

teacher-speech therapist MBDOU Kindergarten "Umka"

"Fairytale therapy in the life of preschool children"

Consultation with a speech therapist: “Fairytale therapy in the life of preschool children”

Currently, the attention of many teachers around the world is drawn to the problems of preschool childhood. This is not accidental, since it turns out that these years of life are a period of intensive development, when the foundation of the child’s physical, mental, and moral health is laid. Its future largely depends on the conditions under which it occurs.

Adults, of course, do everything to make the child smarter and smarter (they buy educational games, new toys, teach counting and writing, etc.), but we also want our children to be able not only to count and write, but also to love. Loving the sky, the wind, the stars, trees, the earth, a butterfly, a bird is very important, and even more important is that they know how to love people: all of them together and every single person who meets on their way.

Fairytale therapy classes help our children to quietly overcome various crisis moments of preschool childhood, without enduring negative qualities in their souls. After all, children come to kindergarten so different. They know how to be capricious, and stubborn, and show aggression, as an extreme form of self-defense. Fairy tale therapy classes help children develop harmoniously - when they find themselves in a fairy tale, the child easily perceives “fairy tale laws,” norms, and rules of behavior that are difficult for parents and teachers to instill in children. And here the “fairy-tale life” itself encourages the child to act in accordance with generally accepted, universal norms and rules of behavior. Traveling through a fairy-tale land, the guys understand that if they do not listen to their friends, or quarrel with someone, the fairy tale will simply disappear, and the good fairy-tale heroes living in it may die along with it.

Therefore, awareness of responsibility for one’s actions comes to the child directly from the fairy-tale situation itself, and not at all at the will of an adult.

What is fairytale therapy?

Fairytale therapy is treatment with fairy tales, it is the discovery of the knowledge that lives in the soul.

Fairytale therapy is an activity using fairy tales aimed at solving a problem. This method dates back to ancient times - even our great-great-grandmothers did not scold for an offense, but told a fairy tale. Fairy tales introduced children to reality, made them understand “what is good” and “what is bad.” Therefore, fairy tale therapy classes in kindergarten are a method that has been successfully used for quite a long time. Indeed, fairy tales have been and continue to be popular with young preschoolers. After all, abstract thinking predominates in children, which means that information conveyed through vivid images is most receptive. Fairy tale therapy

is a process of searching for meaning, deciphering knowledge about the world and the system of relationships in it. This is the maximum psychological relief of the child, the removal of aggressiveness, the development of his internal potential, the awakening of the soul, increasing the level of awareness of events, acquiring knowledge about the laws of life and ways of social manifestation of creative creative power.

Fairy tale therapy

is the process of forming a connection between fairy-tale events and behavior in real life. This is the process of transferring fairy-tale meanings into reality.

In fairy tales, the main character is faced with many trials. As a result of all the adventures and misadventures, he becomes stronger. From this follows fairy tale therapy - the process of activating the resources and potential of the individual.

The idea of living nature gives us a rich tool for personal development. If we tell a child about the amazing little invisible creatures that live in every tree, bush, flower, blade of grass, will there be a desire to mindlessly break branches and pick flowers? The world of plants was created for a loving person. The same goes for water and air. Therefore, we can say that fairy tale therapy is a process of environmental education and child upbringing.

But magic is not only associated with the inhabitants of the magical world. It is associated with creativity, creation, faith in good forces and new opportunities. It is invisible to the eye, but felt by the heart. As children, we all loved listening to fairy tales. Depending on their mood, children can imagine themselves as one or another hero; now the Snow Queen, with her inaccessibility and coldness, now the kind Dwarf, now the fairy-tale Christmas tree.

Nowadays, many parents do not read fairy tales to their children. But this is so important! In fairy tales, children find pieces of their souls, echoes of their lives. In addition, fairy tales instill hope in a child. The longer a child believes in the magical Santa Claus, who brings gifts on New Year's Eve, the more optimistic his outlook on life will be. Children encounter some problems and come to us, adults, but most often the methods we offer are not suitable for them. Then they come to the conclusion that we cannot help them. But what to do with the accumulated sadness, irritation, anger or joy that is already overwhelming the child? And here fairytale therapy can come to the rescue.

The mental development of children from three to six years old is characterized by the formation of figurative thinking, which allows the child to think about objects and compare them in his mind even when he does not see them. The child begins to form models of the reality with which he is dealing, to build its description. He does this with the help of a fairy tale. Four or five years is the apogee of fairy-tale thinking. A fairy tale is a sign system with the help of which a child interprets the surrounding reality as he understands it.

Each group of fairy tales has its own age audience. Children 3-5 years old most understand and relate to fairy tales about animals and fairy tales about the interaction between people and animals. At this age, children often compare themselves with animals and easily transform into them, copying their behavior.

Starting from the age of 5, the child compares himself mainly with human characters: Princes, Princesses, Soldiers, etc. The older the child gets, the more pleasure he reads stories and fairy tales about people, because these stories contain a story about how a person knows the world. From about 5-6 years old, the child prefers fairy tales.

The main principle of selecting fairy tales is the focus of a problem situation characteristic of a given age, the moral lesson that the fairy tale gives, which is accessible to preschool children for comprehension.

The structure of a lesson based on fairy tale therapy contains a mandatory ritual of “entering a fairy tale” (mood), the main part, which uses techniques for working with a fairy tale, techniques and exercises for developing the child’s verbal imagination, and a ritual of “exiting a fairy tale.” This structure of the lesson creates a mood for working with metaphor.

Work with a fairy tale is structured as follows:

1) reading or telling the fairy tale itself; its discussion. Moreover, during the discussion, the child must be sure that he can express any opinion of his own, i.e. everything he says should not be condemned.

2) a drawing of the most significant passage for the child;

3) dramatization, i.e. playing a fairy tale in roles. The child intuitively chooses a “healing” role for himself. And here it is necessary to give the role of the screenwriter to the child himself, then the problematic moments will definitely be played out. But this can not be done in one step.

What can such fairy tales give for children?

Firstly, the child understands that adults are interested in his problems, that we are adults on his side.

Secondly, he adopts the following approach to life: “look for the strength to resolve the conflict within yourself, you will definitely find them and overcome difficulties,” i.e. we live our lives the way we build it for ourselves.

Thirdly, stories show that there is always a way out of any situation, you just need to look for it.

In fairy tales, the following groups of themes can be distinguished:

1. Difficulties associated with communication (with peers and parents).

Feelings of inferiority. Almost all aggressive behavior is the result of a feeling of one’s own “insignificance” and an attempt in this way to prove the opposite.
Fears and anxieties for a variety of reasons.
Age-specific problems. A preschooler is faced with the need to do without his mother and be independent.

As a result of fairytale therapy, the child feels the support of adults, which he so needs. Also, in a fairy tale and through the perception of the fairy-tale world, you can create the necessary conditions for the development of the emotional sphere of a preschooler, enrich it with images and ideas that form the imagination.

Parents can easily master fairy tale therapy techniques. However, they need our help, that is, the help of teachers, consultations, recommendations. You can tell them the following: if you notice that your child has some kind of emotional problem (for example, he is irritable, rude, capricious or aggressive), you need to come up with a fairy tale where the heroes, their adventures and exploits will help your child solve this problem . First, we describe a hero who is similar to a child in age and character (a fairy tale we have invented can even begin with the words: “Once upon a time there was a boy very similar to you...”). Next, we show the life of the hero in a fairy tale so that the child himself sees the similarities with his own life (after all, fairy tale therapy is individual fairy tales for a specific person, it is necessary that the child can see himself in the main character). Then, the hero we have invented finds himself in a problematic situation, similar to the real situation of the child (he is also afraid of something, feels lonely, etc.) and we attribute all the experiences of the child to the hero (of course, according to the plot, many possibilities and ways should appear to overcome these obstacles). Then, the fairy-tale hero (and with him the child) begins to look for a way out of this situation and, of course, finds it.

Fictional tales are also very useful. For example, a child who likes to lie about trifles should read the fairy tale “The Braggart Hare”, a frivolous and playful child “The Adventures of Dunno”, a selfish and greedy child will benefit from listening to the fairy tale “About the Fisherman and the Fish”, and a timid and fearful child - “About the Cowardly Hare” " In this case, you should not explicitly point out the similarity of the hero with the child - the child will draw his own conclusions. Just discuss the fairy tale together. Almost all art therapy methods will come to the rescue here: color therapy (you can draw your impressions of a fairy tale), play therapy (come up with a game based on a fairy tale or dramatize a favorite passage), and even music therapy (choose melodies that suit the mood of a particular plot). This will help the baby better assimilate the experience learned from the fairy tale, and parents will better understand their child.

Thanks to fairytale therapy classes, we learn to overcome various difficulties, learn to communicate with the world, with each other, take care of each other, sympathize and empathize with the characters.
And the cultivation of sympathy, empathy, responsiveness, and humanity is the most important part of proper education. If a child understands the feelings of another, actively responds to the experiences of people around him or the heroes of a fairy tale, and strives to provide help to someone in trouble or a difficult situation, he will not show hostility and aggressiveness. "Fairytale therapy in the life of preschool children"