Progress of the game.
The teacher scatters multi-colored balls on the floor, selects one ball, and asks the child to pick up the same one. Example: “I take a green ball, and you show the same ball.”
.
5. Game "Color Path"
.
Didactic task. Strengthen ideas about six colors, find identical colors using geometric shapes.
Material. Large multi-colored circles cut out of colored paper, as well as small squares.
Progress of the game. We lay out a multi-colored path. The distance between circles should be at least 50 cm.
The teacher shows and gives the child a card, for example, green, the child finds a green circle and places a card of the same color on it.
6. Game “Colored Train”
.
Didactic task. Give children the idea that color is a sign of a variety of objects and can be used to designate them.
Material. Construction set and small animal figurines.
Progress of the game. We build a steam locomotive from a construction kit. Each carriage is a specific color.
The teacher invites the child to put the horse in the blue carriage and the duck in the red carriage.
Form standards.
Standards of planar and volumetric geometric shapes.
(10 classes)
Goal: to teach children to distinguish and name geometric shapes
1. Game “Pick up a figure”
.
Didactic task. Strengthen children's about geometric shapes and practice naming them. Learn to select shapes according to the model. Strengthen the skill of examining geometric shapes using the technique of tracing and overlaying.
Material. Demonstration: circle, square, rectangle, oval, triangle cut out of cardboard. Handout: cards with outlines of five geometric shapes, one shape of each shape of the same size as the outline images on the cards.
Progress of the game. The teacher shows a circle and, tracing it with his fingers, asks: “What is the name of this figure, what is its shape?”
Shows an oval, also tracing it with his finger:
“What shape is this?”
He does the same with other figures in the following sequence: triangle, square, rectangle.
While tracing the figures, he fixes his attention on the corners. children's inaccurate and erroneous answers .
“You have cards on your tables with figures of different shapes on them, and the same figures on trays. Lay out all the figures on the cards so that they match the ones drawn.”
2. Game “Match by Shape”
.
Didactic task. Teach children to identify the shape of an object, distracting from its other features: color, size.
Material. Demonstration: one large figure of each of the five geometric shapes. Handout: cards with outlines of geometric figures; two figures of each shape of two sizes of different colors (the large figure matches the size of the outline image on the card).
Progress of activities.
Q: “Guys, I think someone is knocking at the door?
Who is this? (He goes out and brings
a letter and a parcel to the group ) .
- “Look, here is a letter! Grandfather Frost writes to you: “In order to receive gifts from me, you must complete all my tasks.”
Task one.
Q: Remember and expressively read a poem about winter or a Christmas tree (Reading one or two poems in chorus, then at the request of the children ).
Q: “The chest doesn’t open. There is one more task to complete."
.
Second task.
There are 2 streams on the floor.
Q: “Look guys, these streams are covered with ice! Why? ( children's )
That's right, water freezes in winter.
Are the streams the same width? Show a wide stream, and now a narrow one. Let's step over the wide stream (children take a big step)
.
Now let's cross the narrow stream (children take a small step)
.
- “Why did we first take a big step and then a small one?”
(Encourage
children to use words wider - narrower) .
“Did you complete the task? Let's try to open the parcel. It still won't open."
Task three.
Q: “Look, guys, there’s some kind of image on the parcel. What is this?"
Children: “Christmas trees”
.
Q: “Are they the same or different?”
(
children's ) .
Q: “Christmas trees are big and small. Let's assemble a tall Christmas tree first. What geometric shapes will we use?
Children: “Big green triangles”
.
Q: “Now low. What geometric shapes will we use?
Children: "Little green triangles"
.
Q: “Which Christmas tree is taller? Which one is lower? Let's play. You and I will be Christmas trees. Draw a tall Christmas tree, and now a low one. Did you complete the task?"
Children: "Yes"
.
Q: “The parcel won’t open”
.
Task four. “We need to color the cards”
.
Q: “What is this?”
Children: "Mittens"
.
Q: “One mitten is painted, but the other is not , we need to correct the mistake, can you?”
D: “Yes!”
B: “Let’s fix it!”
Q: “Did you manage everything?”
D: “Yes!”
Bottom line. “What did we do to open the package?”
(
Children's ) .
The package is opened - the children find gifts from Santa Claus - sweets.
2. "Matryoshkas - neighbors"
.
Goal: Development of sensory abilities in children of primary preschool age.
Tasks:
Educational.
1. Develop the ability to compare objects of contrasting size and width.
2. Develop the ability to denote the results of comparison with words: high - low, wide - narrow.
3. Strengthen the ability to distinguish and name colors.
Developmental.
1. Contribute to the development of conversational communication during the lesson , develop spatial orientation.
3. To promote the development of various activities of children during educational activities.
Educational.
1. Cultivate such moral qualities as the ability to be friends and come to each other’s aid.
Integration of educational areas.
- speech development ,
- artistic and aesthetic development ,
- physical development ,
- cognitive development ,
— social and communicative development .
Demonstration material: 2 nesting dolls (large and small, 2 houses (large and small), 2 Christmas trees (large and small, 2 baskets, 10 mushrooms (5 large and 5 small), ribbons (short and long, flowers made of colored paper.
Games and exercises for the development of auditory perception in preschool children
Games and exercises for the development of auditory perception in preschool children - methodological recommendations for parents and educators.
This manual is intended for classes on the development of non-speech hearing in children of early preschool age.
The child must learn to hear the sounds of the environment, including the voices of animals, the sound of musical instruments, etc. There is an accumulation of new auditory images of non-speech sounds, which subsequently makes it possible to quickly differentiate sounds into two important categories: “speech” and “non-speech”.
The games and exercises recommended in the manual contribute to the development of auditory perception and auditory memory. The ability to recognize the sounds of the environment will allow the child to master speech more quickly in the future.
The development of auditory perception occurs in two directions: on the one hand, the perception of surrounding sounds develops (physical hearing), on the other, the perception of the sounds of human speech (phonemic hearing).
Non-speech (physical) hearing is the auditory capture and differentiation of various sounds of the surrounding world (sounds of nature, traffic noise, music and others). Distinguishing them by volume, duration, height, quantity, determining the source and direction of the sound.
Speech (phonemic) hearing is the ability to capture and distinguish by ear the sounds (phonemes) of the native language, to understand the meaning of various combinations of phonemes (words, phrases, texts). Speech hearing helps differentiate human speech by volume, speed, timbre, and intonation.
This manual is intended for classes on the development of non-speech hearing in children 2-3 years old.
The goal is to develop the child’s ability to recognize surrounding sounds.
Tasks:
- teach the child to find correspondence between auditory images of non-speech sounds and the objects that produce them;
- teach to distinguish non-speech sounds from each other based on acoustic characteristics;
- accumulate new auditory images of different sounds in the child’s memory.
When organizing work with young children, it is necessary to consider the following:
- classes should be based on imitation of an adult (his movements, words), and not on explanation;
- there must be emotional contact between an adult and a child;
- the joint activities of a child and an adult must simultaneously contain elements of play and learning;
- the material should be repeated many times in order to consolidate skills, knowledge, and abilities;
- the content of the material must be relevant to the children's experience;
- the level of difficulty of the material should be adequate to the age, tasks should be made more difficult gradually;
- The duration of the lesson should be from 5 to 15 minutes;
- It is necessary to consolidate the acquired knowledge by constantly using it in different situations.
Exercise 1. What does it sound like?
Target. To develop auditory attention, listening perception of the sounds of nature, the voices of animals and birds.
The game is played while walking. While walking on the playground or in the park, draw your child’s attention to the sounds of nature (the sound of wind and rain, the rustling of leaves, the murmur of water, the rumble of thunder during a thunderstorm, etc.), the voices of animals and birds.
When children learn to distinguish these sounds well based on their vision (they hear the sound and at the same time see the source of the sound), ask them to identify their source with their eyes closed. For example, when it is raining or windy outside, say: “Close your eyes and listen to what the weather is like outside.” In a similar way, you can identify sounds at home - the ticking of a clock, the creaking of a door, the sound of water in pipes and others.
Exercise 2. “Sounds on the street.”
Target. Develop auditory attention, listening perception of street sounds. The game is played in the same way as the previous one, but now you pay the children’s attention to street noises (horn horns, the rustle of tires on the asphalt, people’s steps, voices and laughter, etc.).
Exercise 3. Let's rustle and knock.
Target. Develop auditory attention, auditory perception of sounds produced by various objects.
Materials. Various objects and materials (paper, plastic bag, spoons, chopsticks, keys, etc.).
The game is played indoors. Introduce your child to the various sounds that are produced when manipulating objects: remember and tear a piece of paper, rustle a bag, knock with a wooden hammer, run a stick across a battery, drop a pencil on the floor, jingle a bunch of keys.
Invite your child to close his eyes and guess the object. Then have him name or show the source of the sound.
Exercise 4. Boxes with sounds.
Target. Develop auditory attention, auditory perception of sounds produced by various bulk materials.
Materials. Opaque boxes or jars with various cereals.
Pour different cereals into small identical jars (for example, from Kinder surprises): peas, buckwheat, rice, semolina (there should be 2 jars of each type of cereal and the same quantity). You can also use salt, pasta, beads, pebbles and other materials to play.
Shake one of the jars to get your child's attention. Then invite your child to find among the jars the one that makes the same sound. Increase the number of jars gradually.
You can use more than just bulk materials in the game. One pair of jars can be filled with water, and the other pair with cotton wool. Open the jars and show your baby what's inside. Drop one ball at a time into another pair of jars - wooden, plastic, glass or iron; the next - a nut or an apricot kernel, etc.
Exercise 5. Little musicians.
Target. Develop auditory attention, listening perception of sounds made by children's musical instruments.
Materials. Drum, tambourine, pipe, accordion, metallophone, piano.
First, introduce your child to different musical instruments and teach them to make sounds from them. Then learn to clearly distinguish the sound of musical instruments by ear. Hide behind a screen or stand behind your child and alternate sounds from different instruments. Children can show the desired instrument (a picture with its image) or name it with a word or onomatopoeia (“ta-ta-ta” is a drum, “doo-doo” is a pipe, “bom-bom” is a tambourine, etc.).
Show your child no more than two instruments at first. Their number should be increased gradually.
Exercise 6. “One or many drums.”
Target. To develop auditory attention, auditory discrimination of sounds according to the number “one - many”.
Material. Drum or tambourine.
The adult hits the drum one or more times so that the child can see it. Says in words (or shows the corresponding number of fingers) how many signals sounded: one or many. In this case, the word “one” can be said once, and the word “many” can be repeated several times: “many, many, many.” In order for the child to better understand the task, let him hit the drum on his own, and complete the task yourself, showing a picture of either one drum or several drums. After the child understands the difference in the number of sounds and correctly shows the pictures, you can begin to distinguish sounds only by ear - behind the child’s back.
Exercise 7. “PA”
Target. Develop auditory attention, auditory discrimination of sounds of different durations.
First, the adult explains the task to the child, then the exercise is performed only by ear. The adult says to the child: “Listen and repeat. I will say “pa” once, “pa-pa” twice and “pa-pa-pa” three times. If the child copes with the exercise, you can complicate the task. To do this, we pronounce syllables with different durations: pa - short, pa _____ - long. For example:
Pa, pa_____, pa-pa______, pa______pa-pa, pa-pa________pa, pa-pa-pa______ The child must repeat after the adult syllables with different durations.
Exercise 8. “Rain”.
Target. Develop auditory attention, determine the duration and intermittency of a signal.
Materials. A sheet of paper with a drawn cloud, markers or colored pencils.
An adult pronounces long, short, continuous and intermittent sounds. For example: long continuous sound С_______, short: С__, intermittent sound: С-С-С-С.
The child draws a line at the moment of pronouncing the sound. When the adult is silent, the child stops. You can use different sounds, for example, “R”, “U”, “M” or others. Encourage your child to repeat or independently say short, long and continuous, intermittent sounds.
Exercise 9. “Play.”
Target. Develop auditory attention, determining the pitch of sound.
Sounds can be low-frequency (beeps), mid-frequency and high-frequency (whistle, hiss). We begin to teach the child to distinguish sounds by pitch from non-speech sounds, gradually moving on to distinguishing speech sounds.
Material. Metallophone or children's piano.
An adult makes a sound using a toy so that the child can see it, then the child repeats the sound, extracting it from a musical instrument. Then the child performs it only by ear, without seeing the adult’s actions. For differentiation, only two sounds that differ sharply in tonality are offered.
Exercise 10. “Bear TOP-TOP.”
Target. Develop auditory attention, determining the pitch of sound.
Material. Two toys - a large and a small bear (or any two other toys of different sizes).
An adult says in a low voice “TOP-TOP-TOP” and points to the beat as the big bear walks. Then the adult says “top-top-top” in a high voice and shows the movements of the little bear. Then the adult asks the child to show the corresponding bear. Try to encourage your child not only to listen, but also to speak the sound “top” in a high or low voice, thereby developing the child’s ability to control his voice with the help of his developing hearing.
Exercise 11. “Loud - quiet drum.”
Target. Develop auditory attention, determining sound volume.
Material. Drum or tambourine.
The adult hits the drum with different forces, drawing the child's attention to the difference in sound - loud and quiet sound - and naming them. These sounds correspond to pictures depicting a large and small drum. The child listens and shows the picture.
Exercise 12. “Top - Bottom.”
Target. Develop auditory attention, determining the direction of sound.
Material. Musical toys.
To determine the localization of sound in space, an adult presents the child with non-speech (for example, a rattle, a bell, a squeaker) and speech (“A”, “Sh”) sounds coming from above and below. To do this, you can stand behind the child and raise and lower your hands with a sounding toy. The sound should sound several times so that the child can determine where it is coming from.
Exercise 13. “Top - bottom and right - left.”
Target. Develop auditory attention, determining the direction of sound.
Material. Musical toys.
The exercise is carried out similarly to the previous one. This is a more difficult exercise because the sound can come from four directions: top, bottom, right, left. Remember to switch roles: let the child make sounds and you show the direction.
Conclusion.
It is important that the child listens not only in class, but throughout the day: at home and on the street. A child learns to distinguish and recognize surrounding non-speech sounds faster than speech. This skill develops the child’s auditory attention, the ability to navigate the environment, and prepares him for the development of listening comprehension. And most importantly, it forms in him the spontaneous development of listening, i.e. the ability to learn to listen, and, therefore, to speak correctly later!
Literature:
- Zontova O.V. Recommendations for parents on the development of auditory perception. - St. Petersburg, KARO, 2008.-196p.
- Koroleva I.V. Cochlear implantation of deaf children and adults. – St. Petersburg, KARO, 2009.-752 p.
- Koroleva I.V. Development of auditory-speech perception in deaf schoolchildren and adults after cochlear implantation.-St. Petersburg, 2008.-207p.
- Methods of teaching oral speech to the deaf. Textbook. Ed. Prof. F.F.Rau.- M.: Education, 1976.-279p.
- Yanushko E.A. Speech development in young children. – M.: Mosaika-Sintez, 2012.-64 p.
Zudilova E.I., speech therapist teacher
- Development of auditory perception in young children
- A long-term plan for games and game exercises for the development of auditory perception in the second junior group for children with SLI
- Game exercises in correctional and speech therapy work on the development of coherent speech in children of senior preschool age
- Workshop for parents: “Formation of phonemic hearing and perception in children of senior preschool age”
- Recommendations for the development of coherent speech in preschool children
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