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Work of a teacher-psychologist in a kindergarten
Bibliographic description:
Tokarev, A. A. Work of a teacher-psychologist in kindergarten / A. A. Tokarev.
— Text: immediate // Current issues of modern psychology: materials of the II International. scientific conf. (Chelyabinsk, February 2013). - T. 0. - Chelyabinsk: Two Komsomol members, 2013. - P. 112-113. — URL: https://moluch.ru/conf/psy/archive/81/3378/ (access date: 01/18/2022). When mastering the profession of a psychologist, I fervently wish for only one thing - to be someone people can trust. And may luck accompany me in my sincere desire to awaken and develop the gift of a child, to help him in difficult moments of his gradual maturation, to accept, appreciate and cherish the mystery of his unique individuality.
When, after college, a person comes to work as a teacher-psychologist in a kindergarten, he has only a baggage of theoretical knowledge behind him, and during work many practical questions arise that need to be solved, and in this case the theorist is faced with practical questions that he is obliged to solve .
As Jorge Bucay wrote, “As soon as the student is ready, the teacher appears.” So in reality, educational psychologists should have mentors (teachers) who are practitioners, not theorists, who will teach their students what they themselves learned in their time.
Opening the job description and reading it, you can notice the following functions of an educational psychologist:
- Individual and group psychological diagnostics of various profiles and purposes in accordance with the request;
- Observe the nature of relationships between children in groups and determine the characteristics of their development;
- Analyze the work of teachers in a group and provide assistance with difficulties associated with the characteristics of the individual development of individual children;
- Individual work with children in the process of their adaptation to preschool educational institutions.
- Individual and group work with children to determine their readiness for school;
- Psychological examination of a child upon transition to a new age category in order to determine the dynamics of his mental development;
- Specially educational, developmental activities and games for children, as well as trainings for teachers and parents on changing the style of educational influences;
- Determination of the mental, personal and socio-psychological readiness of children for schooling and educational activities for the optimal choice of educational institution.
Thus, the educational psychologist faces serious tasks that are solved only in practice, and not at the theoretical level in most cases.
Today, play, without exaggeration, is the most popular type of psychological work with children and adults. There are many approaches to understanding the psychological game of its purpose and use. Psychotechnical techniques are also called games, with the help of which in a few minutes you can set up children to work in a group, structured action according to the rules, large and complex action, and much more. In turn, as D. B. Elkonin said, “Everything with a child must be done through play.”
Russian psychologists are of the opinion that nowadays children play less and less well. The game disappears from the lives of children, and with it, childhood itself. The curtailment of the game has a very sad effect on the general mental and personal development of children. Educators note that children who come to kindergarten differ in terms of volitional and voluntary behavior: they are tense and constrained or, on the contrary, disinhibited and uncontrollable.
Thus, children now have a harder time than before. Psychologists, in turn, note that everything has changed: the children, their parents, and the family’s attitude towards kindergarten. They talk about how children now treat each other differently. Many parents have their own personal difficulties, as well as bad habits and addictions. Many children find it increasingly difficult to interact normally with others... Today, children and adults have more choices, which also complicates relationships. Many children, neither in the family nor in kindergarten, never acquire this important social skill, but good educational psychologists can teach children to resolve conflicts, listen and understand others, respect other people’s opinions and follow social norms and rules.
Domestic psychology has recognized games and toys as the most valuable means of education, helping to enhance the creative activity of children and comprehensively influencing the developing personality.
Likewise, the work of a teacher-psychologist in kindergarten is based, first of all, on play.
As one priest said, “A psychologist should not teach communication, but teach love. Love itself will teach you everything, but for this you need to be a vessel of love, and not of vice.”
Literature:
- L. I. Lukina. Labor protection in preschool educational institutions. Organizational documents, control, work with personnel. Sphere shopping center, Moscow 2007
- Practical educational psychology. I. V. Dubrovina, A. D. Andreeva, N. I. Gutkina and others, Moscow “Enlightenment”, 2003
- Psychological science and education. 1–2002 Moscow City Psychological and Pedagogical Institute. Psychological Institute of the Russian Academy of Education. International educational and psychological college.
- Jorge Bucay. Love with open eyes.
- www. igra.php.ru
- www. stavschool33.edusite.ru›p40aa1.html
RESPONSIBILITIES Despite the fact that the functions and professional standards of an educational psychologist depend on the field of activity and specialization of the institution in which he works, many points of job descriptions are equally valid for specialists of crisis centers and for employees of educational institutions.
Below is the main range of responsibilities of a full-time psychologist in a secondary school.
A teacher-psychologist is obliged to work to preserve the mental and communicative well-being of students and act in accordance with the Convention on the Protection of the Rights of the Child.
The specialist must analyze external and internal factors that negatively affect the development of the personality of each individual student, and also take measures to provide him with psychological assistance.
The teacher is obliged to conduct research to assess the psycho-emotional state of children, draw up psychological and pedagogical conclusions and identify deviations in a timely manner.
A school psychologist should provide psychological support to creatively gifted students and promote the development of creative potential in other children.
The specialist is obliged to maintain documentation in accordance with established forms and, upon first request, present it to regulatory authorities.
The teacher must help students find a way out of any conflict situations and teach them to deal with their internal problems.
In addition to helping children, the psychologist is obliged to provide professional advice to other teachers at the school, as well as to parents of students.
The psychologist must organize and conduct various socio-psychological trainings, surveys and testing, as well as conduct classes on the prevention of social maladjustment.
If necessary, the specialist must develop and adapt developmental and correctional programs for each specific student aimed at working with children with mental retardation.
The responsibility of the educational psychologist is to identify children at risk, which includes students who have no friends, schoolchildren with weak emotional stability, lovers of conflicts and gambling addicts
Even a slight deviation in a student’s behavior serves as a signal to begin explanatory, preventive and corrective work with the child himself and his parents.
An important function of a school psychologist is to identify and monitor children with behavioral disorders, which manifest themselves in hyperactivity, excessive anxiety, excessive shyness, aggression, persistent fears and attention deficit. In more serious cases, such as developmental delays, difficulties in mastering the program and difficulty thinking, the psychologist is obliged to notify parents and the school administration and, together with other teachers, begin working with the student on an individual program
If the attempts of the teaching staff did not lead to success, and the student continues to not master the school curriculum, the psychologist should raise the issue of convening a commission and transferring the child to a special educational institution.
The teacher-psychologist is obliged to monitor the progress of each student and, if there is a sharp decline, invite the teacher and the child for a conversation. If a conflict is detected between a teacher and a student, the psychologist must respond promptly and take all measures to level out the situation.
The responsibilities of a school psychologist include conducting extracurricular activities in order to identify obvious leaders and hidden conflicts between children. To diagnose relationships in a team, a specialist comes up with team games and carefully observes the behavior of children. When identifying warring parties, the psychologist creates a situation in which both parties to the conflict find themselves on the same team and are forced to cooperate.
Thus, the responsibilities of a teacher-psychologist are not limited to working with difficult children, but include correctional and developmental, analytical, consulting, educational activities, as well as diagnostics and psychological prevention. The teacher is obliged to draw up annual plans for each type of activity and include them in the work program in accordance with the requirements of the Law “On Education”. The program should include measures to identify disadvantaged families who are at social risk, as well as planning work with parents of students in order to monitor the upbringing of children in families.
GREETINGS. A psychologist in a kindergarten is, first of all, a person who knows and deeply understands the child, who understands not only the general patterns and age-related characteristics of the mental development of children, but also the individual variations of these characteristics. The art of an educational psychologist is to help educators and parents turn their program for teaching and raising a child into his own. And the main way to this is to involve the child in forms of activity that are accessible and interesting to him, which vary depending on the age and individuality of the child, and are largely determined by the experience, knowledge and skills of the adult.
Here you can: - find out what a teacher-psychologist does in kindergarten, - teachers and parents will be able to find answers to their questions, - choose games for children, - get advice, - look at photographic materials, - find something useful for yourself. For your convenience, my website is adapted for tablets and mobile devices.
GENERAL INFORMATION Pedagogy and psychology are among the oldest professions. In Ancient Greece, these two professions were given an interpretation. Thus, pedagogy was understood as the art of education, and psychology was the science of understanding the soul.
Over time, these interpretations have not changed, as has the importance of the profession itself.
A teacher-psychologist is a specialist responsible for the social adaptation of children, their psychological development and behavior. Often a person whose profession is related to this area of psychology is called “an educator of human souls”
This nickname emphasizes the importance of the profession for society and reflects the high degree of responsibility for the specialist’s performance of his work.
Advantages of the profession:
Increase in wages due to the recent increase in interest in this profession; The opportunity to help people and be useful to society; The knowledge gained can be applied not only at work, but also in personal life; Large selection of areas of activity for employment. Disadvantages of the profession:
Salary for a beginner specialist; Emotional stress and worries for the wards; The commercial sphere is not developed in Russia.
CAREER Only after graduating from a university can you apply for a position as a full-time teacher-psychologist in educational institutions. Many people use this practice to gain the necessary experience and subsequently start their own business. After defending your doctoral dissertation, you can become a doctor of psychology.
Professional knowledge:
ability to use tools, ability to organize and conduct psychological research; knowledge of the history and modern tasks of the science of “psychology”; awareness of the basic methods of the profession; the specialist must have an understanding of the human psyche and life activity; knowledge of the basics of psychotherapy, developmental and correctional work; knowledge of the basics of psychodiagnostics and psychological counseling; have an idea of the mechanism of the human brain, mental states. Self-analysis of work experience and constant self-improvement help a psychologist achieve high results in the relevant field.
PLACE OF WORK In modern conditions, specialists in the field of pedagogy and psychology are in demand on the labor market. This profession is becoming widespread in various industries, not counting those where assistance in social adaptation and personality development is the fundamental goal.
Having received a diploma of appropriate education, a qualified specialist can choose one of the following areas of activity:
Psychological consultation in school and preschool institutions. Medical type of psychological consultations. Teaching psychology. Activities in the HR service.
In accordance with the identified areas of activity, qualified specialists are in demand in:
Preschool and educational (schools, technical colleges, universities) institutions; Medical institutions (rehabilitation centers) and the healthcare sector (children's hospitals, sanatoriums); Social services (social protection centers, homeless shelters, etc.) and law enforcement agencies (police, juvenile correctional facilities, etc.); At enterprises in any field of human activity, where the work of employees implies the presence of psychological and emotional stress; In special units created by the Ministry of Emergency Situations; Providing personalized professional services in private offices. FEATURES OF THE PROFESSION It is believed that the profession of a psychologist becomes part of its carrier over time. The professional uses his skills and knowledge not only in working with patients, but also in everyday life, when communicating with loved ones. After all, the subject of study of a psychologist is the human soul, and it represents an inexhaustible resource for acquiring the necessary knowledge. Psychologists help a person connect his internal resources to solve current psychological problems. The main activities of a psychologist:
Psychological training, which includes training in methods of emotional self-regulation, the use of special exercises for personal growth and subsequent summing up. Consultations involve communication between a specialist and students in order to find the best way out of a difficult situation. Testing allows you to study the individual characteristics of the human psyche using interactive programs. School psychologists are obliged to monitor the psychological health of students, create a comfortable environment for them, and conduct periodic mass examinations in order to identify people requiring psychological help.
TO PARENTS. Parents often encounter difficulties when sending their son or daughter to a preschool institution. I offer several consultations that will help you in your upbringing. And also interesting tests for self-testing.
Consultations for parents: 1. Consultation for parents: “How to raise a kind and sympathetic child.” 2. Consultation for parents: “When you should not send your child to kindergarten.” 3. Advice for parents during the adaptation period. 4. Consultation for parents “Why children behave “badly” or education without punishment.” 5. Child in the hospital: “How to behave with a child in the hospital.” 6. How to behave with a little liar. 7. Recommendations for parents of gifted children. 8. Crisis of 3 years. Recommendations for parents. 9. How to teach a child not to take away toys and not to be offended.
TRAINING The training of relevant specialists is carried out on the basis of the educational program 44.03.02 “Psychological and pedagogical education”.
In order to enroll in this profile, the applicant must pass the following exams:
Russian language; Mathematics (basic level); Biology (major subject). The duration of study in the chosen field of study for full-time study is 4 years (bachelor's degree), and for part-time study - 5 years. If you have secondary vocational education, the period of study at the university will be 3.5 years.
Preparation for the program “Psychological and Pedagogical Education” is carried out with the study of the following areas:
"Psychology of the individual and group." "Formation of pedagogical activity." "Developmental Psychology". "Psychological support of the pedagogical process."
During the educational process, the student studies both general education disciplines and specialized ones, namely:
General psychology; Psychology of management; Psychodiagnostics; Individual and social psychology; Psychological consultation; Age-related psychology; Social and psychological trainings; Social pedagogy. Theory and methodology of training and education; Psychology in Commerce and Education; Organisation management; Personnel Management; Conflictology; Foreign language. As can be seen from this list, the student receives not only knowledge in psychological and pedagogical sciences, but also studies management and personnel management, which expands the range of places for employment.
You can obtain a diploma of appropriate education at the following universities in the country:
Moscow Social Pedagogical Institute (average Unified State Exam score – 56.8, tuition fee 110 thousand rubles per year); Moscow City Pedagogical University (average Unified State Exam score – 72.12, tuition fee 199.6 thousand rubles per year); Russian State Pedagogical University named after. A.I. Herzen (average Unified State Exam score – 67.07, tuition fee 138.7 thousand rubles per year); Russian State Vocational Pedagogical University (average Unified State Exam score – 62.5, tuition fee 108 thousand rubles per year); Ural State Pedagogical University (average Unified State Exam score – 63.81, tuition fee 108 thousand rubles per year); Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University (average Unified State Exam score – 61.73, tuition fee 87 thousand rubles per year); Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University named after. Kozma Minin (average Unified State Exam score – 63.10, tuition fee 95.3 thousand rubles per year). Finally, it should be said that the employment rate of graduates of the profession in question in the country is 79.1%. CAREER Only after graduating from a university can you apply for a position as a full-time teacher-psychologist in educational institutions. Many people use this practice to gain the necessary experience and subsequently start their own business. After defending your doctoral dissertation, you can become a doctor of psychology.
Professional knowledge:
ability to use tools, ability to organize and conduct psychological research; knowledge of the history and modern tasks of the science of “psychology”; awareness of the basic methods of the profession; the specialist must have an understanding of the human psyche and life activity; knowledge of the basics of psychotherapy, developmental and correctional work; knowledge of the basics of psychodiagnostics and psychological counseling; have an idea of the mechanism of the human brain, mental states. Self-analysis of work experience and constant self-improvement help a psychologist achieve high results in the relevant field.
FAMOUS PSYCHOLOGISTS Dale Carnegie is considered one of the most famous and famous psychologists. He wrote numerous books, essays, articles and lectures. His works are actively used not only by professionals, but also by ordinary citizens who are trying to streamline their lives and understand their own “I”. Lydia Ilyinichna Bozhevich is our compatriot who lived and worked at the beginning of the last century and devoted her life to studying the secrets of the human soul. Having received the knowledge of a professor of psychology, Lydia Ilyinichna continued persistent research in the field of psychology and devoted many works to this topic. Today they are used as teaching aids in many psychological departments.
The list of world celebrities who have devoted their lives to psychology is very extensive and continues to grow. This proves the popularity and relevance of the profession of “psychologist” at all times. After all, the human soul is still a completely unexplored and mysterious object.
DISADVANTAGES OF THE PROFESSION OF TEACHER-PSYCHOLOGIST A specialist who is responsible for his profession must be prepared for an irregular work schedule - this especially applies to the field of activity related to children, medicine, work in the Ministry of Emergency Situations, where the help of psychologists also often plays an important role. Accordingly, stressful workdays significantly affect personal life, sometimes excluding from it such concepts as free time, personal interests, etc.
A particular difficulty in the work of an educational psychologist is the need to build relationships not only with students of an educational institution (or employees of an enterprise), but also with the parents of children (or management). Unfortunately, sometimes it is possible to achieve positive results in working with a particular child only through close cooperation with parents. But they are not always ready to go to a meeting and listen to the recommendations of an educational psychologist.
PROS AND CONS OF THE PROFESSION Such specialists play a big role in the lives of students and their parents, because they help to quickly solve various types of problems, preventing dangerous consequences.
Educational psychologists use their knowledge to timely turn current events in the right direction. A child at school is faced with non-childish problems: difficult relationships with peers, lagging behind in studies, misunderstanding of others. If these problems are not solved, the child becomes tense and aggressive. In some cases, suicidal tendencies occur. If the psychologist takes adequate measures, the situation will stabilize.
Pros: opportunity for personal growth, because a specialist is obliged to constantly improve himself; acquired professional knowledge helps in everyday life; the profession is considered creative and interesting; the opportunity to really help people solve their problems; knowledge of oneself and the depths of one’s consciousness. Cons The disadvantages of the “psychologist” profession include periodic mental fatigue and emotional burnout. After all, such specialists immerse themselves in the patient’s problem headlong, passing information through themselves. Also, not everyone finds it easy to accept another person's worldview. Such professions oblige the specialist himself to have a crystal clear reputation so that his word has weight. It is unlikely that a patient will trust a doctor who cannot help himself.
TO TEACHERS. A kindergarten teacher is a rather labor-intensive, but at the same time interesting profession. The teacher communicates with parents every day, and it depends on him what the family’s attitude towards the kindergarten as a whole will be. In this section you can find recommendations and tips for educators. And also take tests.
Consultations for teachers: 1. Consultation for teachers “Emotional burnout syndrome among teachers.” 2. Consultation for teachers “How to help a child during the adaptation period.” 3. Consultation for teachers “How to help a hyperactive child.” 4. Recommendations for developing the activity of a preschool child (cognitive, motor, communicative). 5. Effective interaction between the teacher and parents.” How to tell parents negative information about a child.”
Tests for teachers: Dear Teachers, this section contains interesting tests that you can take on your own and find out the result! 1. Test “What kind of teacher are you?” 2. Test “Relationships with colleagues.” 3. Test “Is the place of work suitable for you?” 4. Test “Your creativity.” 5. “Your temperament” test. 6. Test “Your communication style.” 7. Questionnaire for assessing the neuropsychic stability of a teacher. 8. Test “Is it pleasant to communicate with you?”
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The material on the site consists of psychological tests, books, programs for processing test results, and links to useful psychology resources for students.
WHO IS A TEACHER-PSYCHOLOGIST? An educational psychologist is an employee of an educational organization who is responsible for the social adaptation of children, their psychological development and behavior. Considering the knowledge that psychology and pedagogy provide and the etymology of the name of the profession (teacher - from the Greek paid agogos (educator/mentor); psychologist - from the Greek psyche (soul)), a person who owns this knowledge can be called, for example, an educator of human souls. This definition of a profession will not sound too pretentious - it only emphasizes the importance of the profession and reminds us of the degree of responsibility for one’s work.
The norms of behavior existing in society require each person to comply with certain rules. Raising a personality that complies with generally accepted moral standards is the main task of an educational psychologist. In addition, having mastered the profession, understanding the hidden motives of people’s behavior, the educational psychologist helps students understand themselves, create the necessary model of behavior that will help in solving life’s tasks and problems. In particular:
Each personality is unique in nature, and sometimes this factor becomes a stumbling block in human relationships. An experienced teacher-psychologist can determine the nature of interpersonal conflict and help find mutual understanding between people. Each model of individual behavior is determined by various factors - biological, social, psychological. The task of an educational psychologist is to analyze a person’s actions, find hidden mechanisms of behavior and correct them. What does it mean? The pupil is a full-fledged participant in the educational process, and the psychologist is obliged to explain to him what the problem is so that the solution to it becomes the inner conviction of the pupil or the person who seeks help. An educational psychologist helps a person find necessary and socially acceptable ways to achieve goals, helps in organizing the necessary conditions for implementation. Specialists in the field of pedagogy and psychology are a sought-after profession that is becoming increasingly popular in various industries, except those where assistance in social adaptation and personality development is the main task.
Today, educational psychologists are in demand:
in preschool and school institutions; in social services and law enforcement agencies; in the healthcare system; at various enterprises where work is associated with certain psycho-emotional stress, and employees need professional help. In addition, an educational psychologist who is fluent in the skills of the profession can work individually.
IMPORTANT QUALITIES Psychologists by nature must be altruists, since the emotional difficulties they have to face cannot be compensated for by any money. A high level of responsibility is a key requirement for a true professional.
The main qualities that a psychologist should have:
emotional and general intelligence must be at a high level; the ability to listen and hear a person; stress resistance; tact and delicacy; sociability; observation; optimism and self-confidence; creativity and ability to offer non-standard solutions; tolerance; ability to calm the client; empathy. A specialist must be able to clearly formulate his thoughts. A sense of humor and endurance will also be very helpful.
Goals and objectives of the activity of a teacher-psychologist in a preschool educational institution
Definition 1
A teacher-psychologist in a preschool educational institution is a specialist who works with children attending kindergarten and having normal development; he examines their individual characteristics, not deviations.
A teacher-psychologist at a preschool educational institution works with children who do not have developmental disabilities or defects; the focus of his work is mainly to study the characteristics of the physical development of a preschool child, and not his psychological state. When working with children, an educational psychologist does not make diagnoses; he can only assume the presence of a certain deviation in the child and advise parents to contact the appropriate specialist. He has no right to make a diagnosis, much less prescribe any treatment, or carry out corrective work with children.
Are you an expert in this subject area? We invite you to become the author of the Directory Working Conditions
Note 1
The goal of the work of a teacher-psychologist in a preschool educational institution is to make the life of a preschool child in a kindergarten more comfortable and convenient from the point of view of the child’s psyche, general and individual characteristics of its development.
The task of a teacher-psychologist is to promptly identify the hidden reasons for certain children’s actions, failures, disorders in the emotional and mental spheres, and to reveal the characteristics of the child’s behavior. All this is necessary in order to, together with parents and other preschool specialists, help the child cope with existing problems even before he enters school.
Printed and electronic publications to help preschool teachers
The central element of all pedagogical work in a children's educational institution is the personality of the teacher. The main psychological component of his work is his love for children. Without it, any high achievements and enormous knowledge will not have any meaning, because children instinctively feel the attitude of adults towards them. It is impossible to teach and raise a child if he does not perceive the teacher and feels “chill” and tension in the relationship.
Another important component in the successful upbringing and training of preschoolers is a certain amount of knowledge not only in the professional field, but also in child psychology for the teacher. Depending on the age of the student, not only pedagogical techniques, but also psychological approaches should change, and this requires knowledge of psychology and their competent application in their work.
Numerous publications and books on child psychology come to the aid of the teacher. Articles on this topic can be found on the Internet on specialized pedagogical websites, downloaded electronically, or purchased on paper.
One of such important and useful books for every teacher and educator is Dobrovich’s book “For Educators on the Psychology and Psychohygiene of Communication.” Its thoughtful study will help any teaching staff gain useful knowledge, which they can then apply in practice. Also, the study of sources contributes to solving important issues and tasks that face every teacher and educator in the process of teaching and educating preschoolers.
In his book, Dobrovich draws parallels between psychology and psychotherapy, finding similarities in the patterns of communication. This is a very important point that will help to understand such a complex issue as the psychology of communication for educators. A special feature of this work is the fact that some particularly important and responsible points are presented in the form of a discussion in which three specialists take part - a psychotherapist, a psychologist and a teacher. Considering issues from the point of view of representatives of different professions will help to obtain, process and implement into your ongoing practice very important and valuable information on the upbringing and education of preschool children.
