Physical health improvement of preschool children in preschool institutions in collaboration with the family

Strengthening and protecting health from the first days of a child’s life is the task of every parent. And, as soon as the baby grows up and begins to attend kindergarten, teachers partially take on this task. The duty of any preschool institution is to take care of the physical and psychological well-being of pupils. Protecting children's health in preschool educational institutions

involves regular implementation of hardening, developmental and preventive measures. In addition, special attention is paid to building and maintaining a rational daily routine, quality nutrition and physical activity for each child.

Strengthening the health of children in preschool educational institutions

impossible without a range of physical exercises. Morning exercises, developmental activities, games and competitions, exercises for the prevention and correction of poor posture and flat feet, walks, exercises using sports equipment in the fresh air, etc. These activities strengthen the musculoskeletal system, improve blood circulation and breathing, help normalize digestion and metabolism, and strengthen the immune system, especially during periods of high risk of illness.

Methods for improving the health of children in preschool educational institutions also focus on the development of positive emotions in pupils. Physical education and sports activities do not aim to hone the technique of performing exercises. They are aimed at developing interest in sports and physical activity, promoting the emergence of positive emotions and strengthening children’s contact with teachers, teaching children to feel their body and move freely.

Finally, maintaining health in a preschool educational institution is impossible without hardening procedures. Hardening techniques change throughout the year, depending on weather conditions and the situation with the spread of seasonal diseases (flu, ARVI, etc.). Also, the type of hardening procedure and its intensity may vary from student to student. An individual approach is important here, taking into account the health status of each child, the characteristics of his character, physique and immunity. In order for hardening not to harm, but to bring benefit, all these parameters must be taken into account.

Next, we will consider the different types of health activities and their features.

Physical education classes

Health improvement of a child in a preschool educational institution

necessarily includes physical exercise. These or other types of exercises are selected by the physical work teacher, taking into account the age of the children.

Thus, in younger groups, the main goal of classes is to teach children to navigate in space and work with simple sports equipment and equipment. In middle groups, classes are more focused on the development of physical qualities - strength, endurance, agility. In older children, they instill the need for active movement, teach independence, organization and group work.

Any physical activity should, first of all, bring joy to the child. Therefore, the correct methods for improving the health of children in kindergarten are always varied. These are not only traditional gymnastic and sports exercises, but also outdoor games of varying intensity, rhythmic exercises, competitions and relay races, story-based exercises and much more.

Innovative methods of improving the health of children in preschool educational institutions.

In modern conditions, preserving life, protecting and promoting the health of present and future generations is one of the central tasks of human development. The health of the younger generation is a global problem of the 21st century.

One example of the importance of this problem is data on the impact of the deteriorating environmental situation in the world, which has led to the fact that 25% of diseases and 23% of deaths in the world are caused by exposure to adverse environmental factors, which was the cause of every third disease in children under 5 years of age. In Russia, the level of disability among children has increased, and the number of adolescents suffering from alcoholism has increased from 1993 to 2003 by 2 times, substance abuse by 3 times, and drug addiction by 20 times.

The axiological paradigm of health in these conditions dictates the need to form new educational programs and develop the material and technical base in educational institutions, in particular, changing approaches in the educational field and creating new programs aimed at strengthening and correcting the health of preschool children. [2]

Currently, a social order has been formulated for teaching practice to find ways to preserve the Russian ethnic group and, above all, the health of the country’s population. In solving the problem of preserving and strengthening the health of the younger generation, a significant role belongs to education, which performs a methodological, proactive function, since it involves “the study of current problems of maintaining health through extrapolation into the future of observed trends, the patterns of development of which in the past and present are quite well known, with the subsequent determination ways to solve these problems through the optimization of such solutions” [1].

One of the negative factors determining the revision of the content of educational programs in the field of “health” in modern conditions is the lack of socio-cultural norms of behavior among the majority of the population, in particular, concern for their own health and the health of their children. Therefore, a significant and decisive share of participation in the formation of a healthy lifestyle falls on pedagogical institutions [3], including preschool education.

Today, there are a number of contradictions in pedagogical practice:

• between the significance of the problem of forming, strengthening and maintaining the health of the child and the lack of awareness of parents regarding the timeliness of paying attention to these issues;
• variability in the actions of the teaching staff and existing educational programs.

Starting from preschool age, interaction with a child should be aimed at developing a value-based attitude towards health, providing a system of knowledge about health, that is, forming it in a system that includes children’s knowledge of techniques and ways to maintain their own health, as well as forms and methods of preserving and strengthening it; to raise a child as a person who values ​​health and has skills in health-preserving activities. It has been proven that a system of preventive measures to promote the health of the younger generation can only be effective if it covers all aspects of a child’s life and is implemented consistently throughout the entire period of childhood. Therefore, the problem of forming a culture of health in preschoolers in a system of an integrated approach becomes urgent: the inclusion of work to protect, strengthen and form a culture of health in all educational areas through play.

However, it should be noted that until now there is no generally accepted understanding of the phenomenon of forming a culture of health by these means. In this regard, an analysis was carried out of the work experience of GBDOU progymnasium No. 698 “Boarding House” of the Moskovsky district of St. Petersburg in this direction.

The purpose of the work is to substantiate ways to improve the methods of educating preschool children using innovative health-shaping technologies.

Close cooperation with the teaching staff of the Department of Medical and Valeological Disciplines of the Faculty of Life Safety of the Russian State Pedagogical University named after. A.I. Herzen allowed us to provide an adequate level of scientific and methodological support for the work performed.

Research results have shown that where national traditions of physical activity and artistic creativity are present in the educational process, and the child is given maximum freedom to choose solutions when implementing the tasks assigned to him, high learning results are observed in combination with favorable trends in the formation of health [4].

The construction of the pedagogical process is based on variable and complex programs of education and upbringing, suggesting an integrative approach to learning. Thus, in particular, an integrated program for the intellectual, artistic and creative development of the personality of preschooler D.I. was tested. Vorobyova – Harmony of development. The use of an integrative approach in the process of education and upbringing makes it possible to reduce the educational load on a child without losing the criteria for the standard of education, and in most cases, to raise the level of the child’s preparation for school.

To become the basis of daily activities and behavior, knowledge about health must be conscious. This awareness occurs through “feelings” and emotional “experiences”, is consolidated during special health-saving exercises and health-forming practical activities, which ensures the personal significance of this knowledge, their comprehension and the formation of the individual’s subjective-value attitude towards health. In the course of research, it was established that one of the most important areas of developing the health of preschool children is improving the methods of rational motor activity of children with the organization of a course of special exercises that develop coordination, endurance, strength and speed of motor reactions. Movement forms the basis of almost any child’s activity. It is in preschool age that the development of motor activity occurs, as well as the initial development of physical qualities. Targeted physical exercises for a developing organism are an urgent need, because... The development of any organ occurs through action, movement, training, but with inaction it weakens and does not receive proper development. Therefore, in this aspect, one of the leading directions is physical development and all its components of activity.

Objectives of physical education:

• creating conditions for expedient motor activity of children;
• formation of ideas and knowledge about the benefits of physical exercise, basic hygiene requirements and rules;
• development of physical qualities (dexterity, flexibility, endurance);
• developing interest in active physical activity and the need for a healthy lifestyle;
• fostering goodwill and contact in relationships with peers.

Thus, in “Game Gymnastics”, children receive the first elements of knowledge about self-massage (“abdominal massage”, exercises: “Pinocchio”, “Cheburashka”.).

Exercises called “Fun Training” allow children to develop flexibility, coordination, strengthen muscles, and understand how they control their body in a playful way. For better memorization and high-quality execution, the exercises have names: “Heron”, “Pump”, “Carousel”, “Kolobok”, etc. “Health Path” improves blood circulation and helps prevent flat feet. It can consist of rubber mats with a relief surface, a rug with sewn-on corks, a box with peas and beans, a path with “footprints” made of various materials (leather, fur, corks), sea pebbles, etc.

“The Alphabet of Body Movements” has the goal: by increasing motor activity, to correct speech and physical development, and also to promote literacy in preschoolers. It consists of 33 motor poses, figuratively representing the letters of the alphabet. Children hear and visually perceive the names of letters, then, using muscle pressure, depict these letters. And, conversely, when analyzing a particular pose, they name the corresponding letter. The movements that are performed when showing a particular letter are well known and accessible to children and are of an educational nature.

“Oriental gymnastics”: gradually increasing complexity of exercises in which low physical activity alternates with relaxation of individual parts of the arm (“Princess of the East”, “Snake”, “Glass”). The difficulty lies in the coordination and consistency of movements of various parts of the body. This complex can be used in working with children starting from 3 years of age, but in a shortened version.

But it is not only in the interaction of a physical development teacher that the tasks of improving the health of children in a preschool educational institution are solved; they are included in all educational areas of the institution, are used by all subject teaching specialists and educators in non-regulated types of children's activities and are one of the important components of all areas of development.

Other areas of the methodology for raising preschool children were:

A) Diagnosis of the child’s psychosomatic condition, including:

• diagnostic measures to determine and assess the level and harmony of physical development;
• psychological diagnostics - assessment of the level of mental processes (16 components); clinical diagnosis;

B) Organization of individually oriented nutrition, taking into account the characteristics of the health status and its identified deviations.

C) Psychoprophylactic classes based on the use of gaming techniques.

It is useful to offer children breathing exercises and didactic games that promote the development of breathing (“Feather”, “King of the Winds”, “Whose Ball is Next”, onomatopoeia of natural phenomena, animal voices, transport, tongue twisters, tongue twisters). All this improves ventilation of the lungs, enriches the blood with oxygen and, in turn, activates the centers of the brain. These exercises help develop proper diaphragmatic breathing, increase the duration of exhalation and its force. Breathing exercises are included in games, in walking with a gradual slowdown, in exercises with clapping, counting, and singing. They can be included in different types of children's activities - role-playing, theatrical, didactic, outdoor games, sports events, during the joint activities of the teacher and the child. The method of E.S., adapted for preschoolers, is also used in a playful form in all age groups. Avetisov to strengthen and improve children's vision.

D) Conducting advisory conversations with parents on the basics of developing a healthy lifestyle.

Consultations should be given taking into account the individual characteristics of the child, compliance with the daily regimen, hygiene rules, pedagogical and valeological knowledge of the parents, aimed at improving the health of the child in the family. It is necessary to use visual information for parents.

The work of participants in the pedagogical process is aimed at creating motivation among parents to cooperate with a preschool educational institution:

• instilling in them a sense of awareness of themselves as informal colleagues of teachers;
• improving pedagogical and communicative culture, strengthening the institution of family.

A number of subprograms and projects have been developed for parents, teachers, and children on the formation and preservation of health, which makes it possible to introduce methodological methods of interaction using health-forming technologies into the families of pupils. In particular, the so-called “Weekend Routes”, “Good Mood Day”, “Musical Living Rooms” have been developed and offered to parents...

Indicators of the dynamics of health and personal development of each child are recorded three times a year throughout the child’s entire stay in the children’s educational institution. Based on the monitoring results, parents are individually consulted and individual-subgroup interaction of teachers with children is carried out on the development of individual abilities and correction of the children’s health status. At medical and pedagogical consultations, an individual system of work is developed for each child.

The role of physical activity in the formation of the personality of preschool children

The creation of a unified space for the development of the child should be jointly supported by the kindergarten, school, and family (within the framework of the continuity of the educational process). In the preschool educational institution, exhibitions of children's works are held, there is a “Mail of Trust”, stands about the life of the group, corners of specialists (psychologist, speech therapist, head of the art studio, music and physical education activities) are set up. Each specialist has hours for individual consultations. All of the above areas help parents and teachers increase the level of educational interaction with children, make it possible to understand the importance of health-forming conditions in a preschool educational institution and family.

According to recent years, the use of the described areas in the work contributed to the work of all services of a preschool educational institution:

• positive changes were observed in speech therapy work; reducing the time required to eliminate the diagnosis of “severe speech underdevelopment” in 96% of pupils;
• work on correcting “general speech underdevelopment” has been simplified and reduced in time.

In elementary school, the incidence of dysgraphia in children decreases significantly [4]. Thus, it is in preschool age that, as a result of targeted influence, health and a healthy lifestyle are formed, the foundations of good health, proper physical development, high performance are laid, the prerequisites are created for the development of endurance, speed-strength and other physical qualities, and the functioning of the basic physiological systems is improved. body.

Considering the most significant importance of physical activity for the development of a growing organism, it is necessary:

• increase children's interest in various types of it, as well as increase its volume;
• raise the emotional mood of children during physical education classes so that these activities bring joy and maintain a good mood;
• encourage children to engage in independent physical activity.

Positive experience in conducting classes with preschoolers shows that all of the listed problems can be solved by introducing innovations, integrated forms of work, and exciting physical exercises.

Literature: 1.Gorshkova V.V. Adult education: advanced format (V.V.Gorshkova//Pedagogy. – 2007. – No. 6. – P.25). 2. Kamenskaya V. G., Kotova S. A. Axiological paradigm of health in Russian education // Bulletin of Herzen University. 2007. No. 6. P. 43-47 3. Makarova L.P., Korchagina G.A. Features of the health status of modern schoolchildren // Bulletin of Herzen University No. 8 (44) 2007. – P. 47-48 4. Pazyrkina M.V., Plakhov N.N. Health-saving technologies as the main component of the educational process of preschoolers // Materials of the XIU All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference. November 23-26, 2010. SPb.: RGPU im. A.I. Herzen. pp. 95-97. 5. Sopko G.I. Skvortsova N.N. Platonov D.V. “Hardening as a factor in improving the culture of health.” Children’s health as a cultural value // Materials of the X international conference “Child in the modern world”. April 16-18, 2003. SPb 20036 RGPU im. A.I. Herzen. pp. 313-315.

Author: L.P. Makarova

Photos: Pexels, Pixabay

Tags:Healthy lifestyle L.P. Makarova Experience of a preschool educational institution Pedagogical innovation

Hardening

Health improvement for children in kindergarten

impossible without hardening procedures. When working with children, it is important to follow the key principles of hardening:

• carry out hardening procedures only with healthy children;
• refuse hardening if the child reacts negatively to it - cries, worries, is afraid;
• start with gentle procedures, gradually moving to more intense ones;
• carry out hardening regularly and systematically.

In a kindergarten, a medical worker must keep a hardening notebook, where the procedures performed, the children’s reaction, the results achieved and available medical outlets will be noted.

Basic hardening techniques, which include health improvement work in a preschool educational institution

:

• extensive washing with cool water. The child alternately runs wet palms over both arms from the hand to the elbow, then over the neck, upper chest and face, after which he wipes himself dry;
• daytime sleep without T-shirts - this procedure can be carried out in the warm season;
• rinsing the mouth with an iodine-salt solution (3-5 drops of iodine and a tablespoon of salt per 1 liter of water at room temperature), recommended after exercise or napping;
• walking barefoot;
• the so-called “Riga technique” - walking on a mat with rubber spikes soaked in saline solution.

CHILDHOOD GUIDE

An analysis of the requirements for the content of health-improving work within the educational field “Physical Development” made it possible to identify priorities that teachers, physical education instructors and medical workers of preschool institutions should pay attention to. In order to preserve and strengthen the physical health of children, taking into account geographical and climatic conditions, it is recommended to use not individual methods of health improvement, but to effectively use a system of methods, means and various forms of organizing this activity.

In addition, the teacher in his reports, self-analysis and portfolio is obliged to mention the system of measures for improving the health of preschool children, as well as interaction with parents and medical workers in this area. So, the teaching staff and medical staff of the preschool institution should develop the following set of organizational, treatment and preventive measures. 1. Organizational measures: - identification of weakened children and children with chronic diseases in order to form a specialized health group; — creation of administrative conditions for the implementation of the healing process; — drawing up an individual health plan for each child, taking into account the disease. 2. Preventive measures: - establishment of a clear sanitary and hygienic regime for weakened children and children with chronic diseases; — differentiated correction of the daily routine and nutrition of pupils; — hardening in combination with massage, breathing exercises and other physical therapy activities; - active influence on a child’s healthy lifestyle through targeted education of parents; — formation of children’s need for physical self-development. 3. Therapeutic measures: - medical impact on secondary foci of infectious diseases; — anti-relapse treatment of children with chronic diseases. 4. Restorative measures: - gentle physical exercises in order to restore health and adapt the child to the conditions of a preschool institution; - differentiated physical activity and outdoor games aimed at improving the health of preschool children; — targeted physical training aimed at maintaining health; — medical and pedagogical monitoring of children’s physical development. All organizational and therapeutic and preventive measures are closely interconnected in strict sequence ; at each stage, a qualitatively new direction in health improvement is provided, and the basis for the next one is created. At the same time, the direct final indicator of the healing process is the stable attendance of kindergarten students. Knowledge about the methods of physical development of preschool children plays the role of a system-forming factor around which the content of activities is built. Another important point is the joint efforts of the preschool educational institution and the family . Conscious inclusion of parents in a joint health process with teachers (for example, through parent health meetings ) can significantly increase its effectiveness.

Work should be carried out in several directions : - improving the psychological and pedagogical culture of parents; — providing assistance to families in the physical development of children; — study and generalization of the experience of family education in improving the child’s health. Interaction is carried out on the basis of such principles as: - a unified approach of teachers and parents to the healing process; — mutual trust, respect and goodwill in relationships; — differentiated approach to each family; — equality and equal responsibility of parents and teachers. Thus, only an interconnected set of measures considered will lead to the improvement of the health-improving process of preschool children and will present a qualitatively new system of ways to improve the child’s health for teachers.

You can learn about game stretching by downloading materials on the “Library” in the “Physical Development” section.

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Preventive actions

Health of preschool children

is also supported by a set of preventive measures aimed at preventing colds and other diseases. Such measures include sets of visual exercises to prevent myopia, gymnastics with the simplest elements of yoga, breathing exercises, sleeping without pillows, self-massage of the earlobes and auricles.

During training sessions, pauses are required for relaxation, breathing and vision training. Particular attention is paid to the optimal motor mode, which is the best prevention of flat feet and postural disorders.

Finally, the preservation of the health of children in preschool educational institutions is ensured through the organization of a high-quality and safe environment. This, first of all, includes regular wet cleaning of kindergarten premises, ventilation, and maintaining optimal temperature conditions. Rooms where children play and sleep should receive sufficient natural light. In the autumn-winter period, as well as in the northern regions, the lack of natural light can be compensated by installing fluorescent lamps.

Physical education classes may be accompanied by music. A musical background promotes better coordination of movements, improves mood and stimulates children's activity.

“Organization of recreational work during the day with preschool children”

Organization of recreational work during the day

with preschool children

The goal of health work in preschool educational institutions is to preserve and strengthen the physical and mental health of children, improve their physical development, and introduce them to a healthy lifestyle.

Health activities in kindergarten allow the child to cope with the difficulties of getting used to a new environment, allow them to organize the child’s life in a preschool institution in such a way that leads to the most adequate, almost painless adaptation to new conditions, and the formation of a positive attitude towards all types of everyday life.

Wellness activities take an integrated approach and are built on three main areas:

1. Creation of a healthy environment for the prevention of various deviations in psychophysical development in children (vision, flat feet, poor posture, articulation apparatus, breathing).
2. Formation of a healthy lifestyle for children in kindergarten and at home.
3. Development of physical qualities of preschool children.

The deterioration of children's health dictates the need to develop and implement health-improving measures aimed at improving children's health and reducing their morbidity.

Mode

– this is the correct distribution in time and the correct sequence in satisfying the basic physiological needs of the child’s body: sleep, eating, wakefulness. The correct regime ensures a balanced, cheerful state of the child, protects the nervous system from overwork, and creates favorable conditions for the physical and mental development of the child. If this most important condition is not met, deviations in the child’s behavior, whims, increased and decreased excitability, poor sleep, lack of appetite, etc. can be observed.

The daily routine of preschool children is based on the fact that children sleep only once during the day for 2-2.5 hours, the time of active wakefulness is extended to 6-7 hours, and their night sleep is 10 hours.

In a preschool institution, the daily routine is structured in accordance with the age of the children. It is necessary that parents understand the importance of this particular condition for the child’s health. Unfortunately, in many families, especially young ones, the regime is neglected, and this inevitably harms the child.

According to many observations, children attending preschool institutions most often get sick after weekends and holidays. And this happens because the child is not provided with the routine to which he is accustomed, to which he was tuned in in kindergarten: they go to bed later in the evening, daytime naps are canceled, walks are replaced with games at home, and they are allowed to watch TV shows as much as they want.

All this affects the fragile child’s body, the functions of all its organs and systems deteriorate, thereby inevitably weakening the protective mechanisms. The child's preschool regime at home should be a continuation of the kindergarten regime; without this, it is difficult to expect success from hardening.

The system of health-improving measures is reflected in the content of health-improving work with preschool children:

I. Motor activity

• Morning exercises for the overall development of the child are carried out every morning.
• Physical education and health classes – 3 times a week (2 times indoors and 1 time for a walk).
• Active and dynamic games - every day during the day.
• Physical exercises.
• Gymnastics after a nap - every day.
• Preventive gymnastics (prevention of scoliosis and poor posture, prevention of flat feet, eye gymnastics) - daily.
• Breathing exercises - daily.
• Walks - daily.

II. Hygiene and water procedures:

• Washing and washing hands daily.
• Games with water – once a week.
• Compliance with the drinking regime - daily.
• Air recirculation and disinfection – daily.

III. Using the natural environment for hardening activities:

• Ventilation of premises - daily.
• Sleeping with the transom open - every day in the summer.
• Walks in the fresh air - daily.
• Providing light conditions.

IV. Hardening:

• Walking barefoot. The main point of walking barefoot is to harden the skin of the feet to the effects of low temperatures, mainly the floor and earth.
• Rinse your mouth with cool water daily.
• Air baths.
• Reasonable clothing.

V. Balanced meals 5 times a day.

VI. Fortification, including vitamin “C” in the third dish.

VII. Working with parents on children's health issues:

• Individual conversations.
• Consultations.
• Parent meetings.
• Health corners.
• Mobile folders.

Thus, the main thing is to teach children from a very early age to value, protect and strengthen their health. This is a cheerful, active, friendly, inquisitive child. The development of the child’s physical qualities proceeds harmoniously. He is durable, fast enough, agile and strong. The mode of his life activity is carried out in accordance with the individual biorhythmological portrait with an optimal ratio of periods of ups and downs of activity, wakefulness and sleep. He is not afraid of unfavorable weather factors or sudden changes in them, since he is hardened, his thermoregulation system is well trained to multidirectional temperature influences, so he does not know what a cold is. Thanks to a balanced diet, this child does not have excess body weight, he has every opportunity for normal harmonious growth and development. Favorable psychological conditions in the family and in the preschool institution contribute to the strengthening of his mental health. The task of all of us, adults, is to create conditions for raising such children.

How to monitor the health and morbidity of children?

It is convenient to use special software to analyze morbidity and maintain medical journals in kindergarten. For example, the “Medical Cabinet” software module of the System for Monitoring the Activities of an Educational Institution (SKDOU). It contains more than 30 medical journals that help monitor the health and morbidity of children, monitor dietary nutrition and the quality of food preparation, comply with food standards and the sanitary condition of premises, etc.

This is how, for example, the system looks like the formation of a vaccination plan and a schedule based on one of the morbidity reports:

You can download a free demo version of this program here.

Author of the article: Lidiya Sitnikova