Cognitive tasks for children 4-5 years old
1. "Domestic and wild animals" . Prepare cards with various animals: wolf, hare, mouse, fox, cow, elk, mole, cat, raccoon, deer, dog and others. Invite the child to divide the animals into two groups: domestic and wild. It’s good to play such games after a trip to the zoo. Such tasks develop horizons and understanding of the world around us, as well as speech (if you ask questions correctly and talk about animals, for this you can use the speech therapy cards below).
Topic: Pets
2. "Professions" . Print pictures depicting people of various professions: cook, ship captain, driver, salesman, teacher, gardener, doctor, judge, fireman and others. In order for the baby to look for generalizing properties and name them, it is necessary to prepare separate objects (or pictures): a ladle, a pointer, a steering wheel, a mantle, a hose and others. The child chooses a picture with a person’s profession and looks for a suitable item for him.
3. "Spring" . At 4 years old, the baby already knows the basic colors and shapes, so to continue the development of this topic, you can organize a game with “Fruto-nanny” baby food lids. The caps fit together perfectly and come in a variety of colors. Connecting them together is quite simple to create interesting objects. On a landscape sheet you can draw a circle, square, flower, cloud. From the lids, collect shapes of the same shape so that you can attach them to a sheet of paper.
Mathematical problems for ingenuity
Puzzles are recommended for children of older preschool age. The most common are geometric problems with counting sticks. They are called geometric because the task is based on the composition and transformation of various figures. To complete the task, you need to prepare counting sticks and chart tables with images of figures.
You need to try to choose tasks with different conditions and solutions in order to stimulate the baby’s search activity.
Problems for preschoolers
A picture depicting some object is placed in front of the child. It could be a house, a bench,... The child must, focusing on the sample, put together a similar object from sticks. Subsequently, you can complicate the task by asking the child to add up the shown picture without having an example in front of his eyes, that is, from memory.
"Shape Transformation"
. The task is carried out in 2 stages. First, the adult shows the child a figure and asks him to make the same one out of sticks. Instructions for the second stage: you need to determine which and how many sticks should be removed to create a different figure.
The child needs to analyze the presented geometric shapes, imagine what the final result will look like and choose an answer.
The child is given an image of a complex geometric figure consisting of many details; he must count how many triangles, rectangles, and squares are in the figure.
Games to develop attention in children 4-5 years old
At the age of 4-5, logical thinking is actively formed; it is required to be able to focus on a specific task. In the future, this helps to develop perseverance.
1. Draw various objects on a landscape sheet: a flower, a balloon, a car, the sun. Ask your child to trace only the balloons with a pencil.
2. Cross out the letter “N”. On a landscape sheet, print out the letters of the alphabet randomly and ask the baby to cross out the letter “H” with a red pencil, all the letters “A” with a green pencil, and so on.
3. "Leaf fall." On a sheet of paper you need to find identical leaves. Ask your child to connect identical leaves with a pencil and color them. The game teaches you to determine the similarity of objects and develops spatial thinking.
Math cycle tasks
1. Buy magnets of different colors at any stationery store. With their help, it is convenient for the baby to understand numbers and concepts - more and less. Assignment: how many kittens does the cat have, and how many puppies does the dog have? Who has more children?
2. On a piece of paper, draw 5 stars in the sky. Invite your child to count and draw the same number of stars. How much should it be?
3. Draw snails and flowers in the picture. Give the task to circle the flowers with a green pencil, count the snails and draw a line to the flower (which snail likes which flower, do you think?). How many extra flowers are left?
4. Print a fly agaric on a landscape sheet. Give your child the task of counting the spots on the hat. Draw as many dots nearby as there are spots on the fly agaric. How many circles did you get?
5. Connect points from 1 to 15 in order. You should get a picture. Children really like such tasks and develop fine motor skills and teach counting rules.
6. Connect a group of three flowers with lines. Flowers are drawn on the leaf in a chaotic order. You need to be careful and distribute all the flowers into groups.
Math games
Mathematical games include tasks that are based on the analysis of logical relationships and patterns.
To find the answer, you need to analyze the conditions of the problem, familiarize yourself with its content and understand what needs to be done.
The search for a solution involves the use of mental operations: analysis, synthesis, generalization.
Game “Make a sequence of numbers”
. The child is given mixed cards with numbers from 1 to 5 or 10, and he must arrange them in the correct sequence.
Exercise . The child receives a form with pictures next to which there are numbers. You need to count the objects in the picture and circle the corresponding number.
Exercise . You need to draw the specified number of dots on the insect’s body.
Games for older preschoolers
Game "Compare the number"
. The adult asks the child to name the number, taking into account the conditions: it must be more than 5, less than 8. For each correct answer, you can give a sun or a flag.
Exercise . On a special form there are a series of pictures on the left, and examples on the right. It is necessary to choose a suitable example for the picture.
Educational tasks with words
1. On the sheet in the center are written words in block letters: sea, flower, sun, snail. Match the word and the picture, draw a line.
2. Different words are written on the sheet: mom, cat, dog, dad, summer, spring, tree, flower. You need to cross out the letter A in the words. The baby learns perseverance and attentiveness.
3. Circles and triangles are drawn on a landscape sheet. The child is given the task to draw the letter M in each circle, and the letter C in each triangle.
4. “On the contrary.” An adult names any word, and the child must find the opposite meaning. For example: an adult says “hot”, a child answers “cold”, etc.
5. “A kind word.” Name the object, and the baby chooses an affectionate word to designate it. For example: ball - ball, house - house, leg - leg.
6. "Fruits and vegetables." Place various pictures of fruits and vegetables in front of the child. There are many options for games: ask the young student to put fruits in a basket. Ask to choose the vegetables from which mom makes a salad for lunch.
7. “Find the odd one out.” Tell your child a set of words in which the words belong to the same group, but one word is superfluous. The child must identify the odd one by ear. For example: tree, grass, flower, snail. The extra word is snail. The child must give an explanation of why this particular word is superfluous.
Games for recreating figurative images from geometric shapes
Games with geometric shapes to compose various objects and animals are very useful for the development of analytical thinking and sensory skills. To conduct classes, you need to stock up on a set of shapes: a circle, a triangle, a rectangle or a square.
Games for younger preschoolers
“Make a picture.”
The child is given a standard set of figures and simple pictures depicting various objects. Based on the example, the child must put together the pictures.
Games for older preschoolers:
“Make a silhouette of an animal or insect”
. To play the game, take a circle, which is divided by lines into smaller and heterogeneous parts, and cut. Then, from the received parts of the circle, the children try to make a picture, and they are not given specific instructions - they must act according to their own plan.
"Items made from cubes."
Looking at the image of the object, the preschooler builds the same one from cubes.
Tasks for the development of creative thinking
1. Create your own magazine or book. To complete this task you will need colored paper, clippings from various glossy magazines, colored cardboard, glue, and tape. Words for the book can also be cut out from magazines. It turns out to be a joint work.
2. Theater. Offer to perform a real puppet show. Make costumes, select props, prepare invitations for household members. You can choose any Russian folk tale and involve older brothers and sisters.
3. “An interesting continuation.” The task is useful for children 5 years old, as it teaches them to construct sentences, think logically and develop thinking. You should come up with a story on a specific topic. The adult says the first sentence, the child continues the next sentence. Then the adult comes up with a sentence again. The text should be coherent. In conclusion, we ask the child to retell.
Tasks for children 4-5 years old should be comprehensive and develop logic, thinking, speech, and fine motor skills. Thematic lessons can be adapted to the age characteristics of children, diversified with games and taught to compare, analyze, and think in a fun way. If you work with your child daily, he will enjoy learning the basics of math, reading, and other subjects.
