Demonstration material for mathematics in kindergarten: counting and geometric, cards, cubes, lapbook

Teaching numeracy, systematized and methodologically justified by the Federal State Educational Standard (FSES), is included in the system of work with preschoolers in kindergarten. However, the age characteristics of children require particularly careful preparation of visual aids. The most important role is given to the counting material. We will look at the types of counting material used in mathematics classes in different age groups, and give advice on how to make it yourself as a demonstration and handout.

• 2 Features of demonstration and handout material for different age groups
  2.1 Types of handouts

  2.1.1 Photo gallery: examples of counting handouts

The validity of using visual counting material in kindergarten

In a preschool educational institution, children begin to master counting at the age of three, and this is their main mathematical activity. Learning takes place with the indispensable support of visual aids, since abstract logical operations performed during counting (merging and dividing sets, comparing quantities and numbers, comparing sets) are difficult for children to understand and require “objectification.” Visual counting material is a comprehensive didactic tool aimed at developing basic ideas about counting as part of targeted learning.

Famous teacher K.D. Ushinsky said: “Children’s nature itself requires visual learning.”

Such benefits are very diverse, and their application in each case depends on:

• specific content of educational material (for example, teach children of the second youngest group to distinguish between the concepts of many and few);
• methods used (more precisely, certain gaming techniques, for example, illustrations for a fairy tale in which characters learn to count);
• the age of the children (if in the second younger group there may be cards with pictures of the same animal, then in the older group the pictures depict different animals, that is, the essence of the phenomenon being described becomes more complex).

Counting in kindergarten is mastered along with other didactic skills and concepts, for example, learning about colors: distribute the mushrooms into baskets of the corresponding colors and say which one has more/fewer of them

Visual material must meet the following requirements:

• scientific (correspond to scientific data on counting);
• pedagogical (carry an educational, developmental, educational load);
• sanitary and hygienic (do not contain harmful substances, do not cause eye strain;
• aesthetic (beautiful design, bright and clear images)

Why study self-esteem?

Self-esteem is a very important indicator in personality development. This is how a person evaluates himself, his qualities, and abilities.

Self-esteem is formed in the process of communication and activity; it influences a person’s behavior and actions in a given situation.

At preschool age, a child is just beginning to recognize himself, mainly from the assessments and opinions of others, which may not always be correct and correspond to reality. This results in inadequate self-esteem, which can be either underestimated or overestimated.

Any distortions entail difficulties in further communication and activities, so it is important to monitor and correct them in a timely manner. One of the ways to study self-esteem is the “Ladder” technique by V.G. Shchur.

Features of demonstration and handout material for different age groups

Calculating material in mathematics, like other visual aids, can be of two types:

• large, that is, demonstration, which is used by the teacher to explain and show how to operate with it (magnetic boards, posters, paintings, etc.);
• small, that is, handout (cards, laptops, etc.), using which all children perform certain tasks at the same time, which allows organizing independent activities of children to develop the necessary mathematical skills and abilities.

Visual mathematical material differs in the type of counting activity, which is a priority for a specific age category.

1. Second junior group. To form the concept of singularity and multiplicity, you can use, for example, puzzle pictures, cubes in which numbers are surrounded by elements with the same number of fruits (vegetables, animals, etc.) or pictures with dots that need to be correlated with the number. By the way, the same material with dots is still used, only there are more numbers.
2. Middle group. Children must be able to give an accurate assessment of a set of objects, in this case counting to 5. For this, pictures depicting objects and numbers corresponding to their quantity are actively used, as well as a combination of a toy and a three-dimensional number. For example, to recognize the graphic image of a number, the task could be as follows: help the bunny find the number 3. Place a moth on a flower with five petals.
3. Senior group. Kids count to 10 and can add or subtract one at a time. For clarity, they use, for example, the game of dominoes, matching a number with a picture with the same number of objects.
4. Preparatory group. Children can compare numbers “more and less”, and make up given numbers from two smaller ones - 5 from 2 and 3, for example. The demonstration material becomes more complex. These could be tasks for comparing the number of objects in pictures, composing a whole image after sequentially folding numbered cut parts, etc.

Counting sticks are a universal visual aid: they allow you to demonstrate and practice all types of counting activities.

Thus, the first manuals are aimed at ensuring that children learn to correlate the visual image of a number and the number of objects it denotes. In the middle group, this work is no longer on “recognizing” the image of a number, but on quantitative counting up to 5. In the older group, children learn to perform basic addition and subtraction operations, and in the preparatory task materials are comparative in nature, since children already know how to correlate quantities , indicated by numbers.

At any stage of training, it is necessary to think over a way to get acquainted with the graphic image of a number, for example, in the form of creating an application

Types of handouts

As already mentioned, manuals can be demonstration or handout. And there are also those that can be used in both cases (for example, Dienesh blocks). The teacher chooses the types of handouts depending on the age of the children. So, already in the first junior group, children get acquainted with cubes and counting sticks. True, so far the assessment level is “a lot or a little.” Typically, the gradation of the use of types of handouts depends on the age of the children: the younger, the more toys, and the older, the more drawings and diagrams. In general, the following counting aids are actively used in kindergarten:

• Cuisenaire sticks (multi-colored parallelepipeds of different sizes made of wood or plastic are used mainly in the second junior and middle groups, when the concept of quantity is introduced);
• Dienesh blocks (a set of geometric shapes of different sizes, which can be used by analogy with Cuisenaire sticks, as well as to introduce rectangles, triangles, circles, squares);
• cubes (in the younger group they practice the concepts of “many and few”);
• pyramids (as a budget, more affordable version of Cuisenaire sticks and Dienesh blocks);
• beads, buttons (in junior and middle groups);
• pictures, puzzle pictures, cards (for all ages);
• fan with numbers (for senior and preparatory groups, in which the children already clearly associate a number with its graphic image);
• lapbooks, tasks in which can combine all of the above manuals, etc.

Please note that there is no clear age division in the use of counting materials, since their use must be justified from the point of view of the educational goal. And yet, in the senior and preparatory groups, the emphasis is on cards, so that children get used to working with clarity “like at school.”

Photo gallery: examples of counting handouts

The capabilities of counting cubes allow them to be used up to the preparatory group

To master the skill of counting to 5, it is convenient to use special pyramids

A fan with numbers is a tool for school, but can also be used in kindergarten

Using blocks you can practice mastering basic geometric shapes and counting objects in groups

You can learn to count on sticks completely unnoticed: for example, by laying out figures from them

Didactic material for familiarization with the composition of the number of units in the senior group

Nelya Tkachenko

Didactic material on knowing the composition of the number of units in the senior group

Didactic material for knowledge

with a composition of people from the senior group.

SPHERE:

Forming ideas about the composition of the number inside the first bead.

TASKS:

- regulate, -

– ideas about numbers and numbers inside the first bead;

- develop,-

– the idea that all numbers are made of ones;

– the idea that the number of units in different quantities is different;

– attention, visual perception, memory, logical thinking;

– excellent motor skills;

- mention -

– organization;

– concentration;

– interest in mathematical games;

The calculation of the activity of five-year-olds in the process of systematic learning is already objectively perfect. Studying the composition of the number of units in the senior group is preparation for mastering computer technology - counting and counting one at a time.

What else to read: Didactic games for young children from 1.6-2 years old

The study of the composition of numbers from units should begin with an analysis of the composition of a set of elements to the composition of a number of units, while one should be consistent, not hasty, and from the heel - from each number - from 2 to 5 (2, 3,4,5)

... For illustrative purposes of the material, a group of objects of the same type is selected, each of which differs from each other in qualitative characteristics (for example, color, size) ... In addition, elements that are united by a concept are used in the future, for example, sets of clothes, dishes, furniture, etc. etc. Along with texture elements, you can use patterns of geometric shapes, strips of paper of different lengths and sizes, etc. It is necessary to teach children, when looking at the sets, to tell how this group is composed, to name each element and their total number.

For example:

“The number 4 consists of the following: 1 green circle, 1 red circle. 1 yellow circle, 1 blue circle – 4 circles in total.”

After counting 4 circles, the child must say how it is composed “that’s four”

emphasizing the number of composition: one - green, one - red, one - yellow, one - blue, four in total. When inviting children to do tasks with different types of groups of objects, you should ask them to say how the group is made up, how many different objects there are and how many there are in total, to name both the objects and their number. Gradually you should move from more specific questions to general ones: “How much did you receive? How much... in total? How do you... (for example, 5 pencils?"

When studying the quantitative composition of a number of units, it is necessary to draw children's attention to the fact that a unit can reflect not only an individual object, but can be a reflection of an entire group of objects. For example, invite children to look at a variety of geometric shapes and answer questions:

– What parts does this set consist of? ("Compiled in three parts"

.

– Name the color and number of parts of this set. (“This set consists of three parts of different colors: one part is red triangles, one is blue triangles, the third is green triangles. There are three parts in total.”

– How many units does the number three consist of? ("Of three separate units"

).

In this task, children must understand that a unit can reflect not only an individual object, but also a group of objects.

In the process of familiarizing children with the composition of a number of units, you can use verbal exercises, -

– forest animals gathered in the clearing: a hare, a hedgehog, a squirrel. How many animals are gathered in the forest clearing? How many different forest animals have gathered in the clearing, etc.

And other tasks, for example -

– take five triangles of different colors;

– draw three different geometric shapes;

– put four different dolls on the table, etc.

Familiarization of children with the composition of a number is carried out in a sequential system of classes, which creates conditions for the formation of new connections that form children's knowledge of quantitative composition, which in turn is preparation for computing activities.

Lapbook for FEMP “Quantity and counting”

A laptop is a folder that contains material on a specific topic. The organization of the material in such a manual is that the teacher arranges the visualization in the form of mini-books, accordion layouts, gift boxes, windows or pockets, etc. In addition, the lapbook necessarily includes tasks of a creative nature.

Lapbooks are also used to form elementary mathematical concepts (EMPs) - the fruits of the teacher’s creative approach to the implementation of learning tasks. Benefits are calculated for a specific stage of training. Since lapbooks were originally made by parents to teach their child, these manuals, put on a “methodological stream,” are now used for individual work, as well as for working in pairs or threes.

How to make didactic materials for a preparatory group with your own hands

First, you need to determine the goals of the Quantity and Counting lapbook.

1. Strengthen the ability to count to 10.
2. Practice ordinal and quantitative counting.
3. Practice the skill of comparing numbers with the number of objects.
4. Learn to write numbers.
5. Develop the ability to add, subtract and compare numbers within 10.
6. Develop active vocabulary, logic, memory and thinking.
7. Work on the ability to independently solve assigned problems.
8. Cultivate responsiveness, self-confidence and self-confidence.

After the organizational stage, you can proceed directly to production. This process begins with the preparation of the necessary materials. Moreover, methodological questions are developed first, and only then a suitable design is selected for them.

Typically a lapbook includes:

• pictures with numbers for visual perception of their graphic image;
• cards with numbers and objects (either separately or 2 in 1);
• puzzles (cut numbers or pictures, each piece of which shows a number, etc.);
• pictures of fairy tales with numbers in their titles;
• coloring books;
• copybook;
• riddles, counting rhymes, etc.

It is most convenient to organize materials into files, which, in turn, are stored in a folder. The cover of this manual frame should also be brightly designed. But with such packaging, it is troublesome to work with the materials: before use, part of the manual will have to be laid out. So you can take advantage of the experience of your colleagues and make the pages of the lapbook cardboard, and on these sheets you can attach files, pop-up books, and boxes with surprises.

Photo gallery: example of a homemade laptop

For a lapbook, using a binder is the most durable

Cards with dots and numbers can be placed in bright envelopes so that the baby becomes interested in their contents

When producing such a manual, it is assumed that children know how to write

By laying out numbers from elements, children remember the graphic image of numbers and also train their eye

With the help of a lapbook, children quickly and easily understand the essence of comparison

Having solved the example on the garage and on the car, the child must correlate the same answers

Children, as a rule, get excited about playing dominoes.

How the Ladder test is performed for preschoolers

The child is shown a ladder and told what is required of him. It is important to win over the preschooler and convey to him the meaning of the task in a friendly and understandable manner.

The instructions need to explain that on the middle step there are neither bad nor good children, the best are at the top, and the worst are at the bottom.

The paper figurine is himself. You need to make sure that the child understands the instructions and repeat if necessary. Then the adult asks on which step the child would place his figurine, on which step mom, dad, or teacher would place it.

During the conversation, you need to ask clarifying questions and pay attention to how the preschooler performs the task: his facial expressions, emotions, pauses, etc.

Individual cards in mathematics for the second junior, middle, senior groups

Learning to count is something that requires maximum concentration and constant practice from a child. The latter is designed to provide individual cards - methodological aids for working on a topic one at a time or in mini-groups (2-3 people).

1. In the second younger group, to practice the concept of one-many, for example, a card may have a picture of a steam locomotive. The child receives a stack of trailers and distributes them according to the card. At the same time, the adult focuses the child’s attention on the fact that at first there were no carriages, then one appeared, and then “many.”
2. In the middle group, counting to 5 is very effectively trained by correlating elements of pictures (for example, dots on the back of a ladybug) and a graphic image of the number.
3. In the older group, to practice counting to 10, you can use tables with dots and small cards with numbers that children must correlate with each other. Or cards with numbers to restore counting order. By the way, the skill of writing numbers is trained in the same way.
4. In the preparatory group, the cards can be graphic examples of addition and subtraction: the child counts the number of objects to the left of the + or - sign and writes the result in the cell provided for this.

For practical reasons, it is better to laminate cards. Then, even if the child needs to write something on an assignment (for example, the answer to the solution to an example), he will be able to do it with a marker that can be easily wiped off the cellophane.

To ensure that the numbers are always in the children’s field of view, you can install a “Fun Counting” folder in the group. She will introduce the kids to both numbers and the number of objects in a group.

Photo gallery: examples of individual cards and a picture for a mobile folder

In the younger group, kids learn to evaluate sets by attaching different numbers of cars to locomotives

In the preparatory group, children perform addition and subtraction in the range from 1 to 10

A child in the middle group must count the spots on the back of a ladybug and connect it with the appropriate number.

In the older group, children learn to perform simple arithmetic operations ranging from 1 to 10

Bright and beautiful pictures from the mobile folder will attract the attention of the children and teach them to correlate the number with the number of objects

Pictures for teaching counting in senior and preparatory groups

There are no particular differences in the form of the pictures, only the tasks, that is, the content, differ.

Photo gallery: individual cards for the senior group

Number cards can be made at home

By rearranging the number of balls, the child will learn to count to 10, as well as sort things according to the “new/old” principle.

An individual card may contain a creative task: sculpt a number from plasticine

Such houses help children learn the composition of numbers

It is worth noting that the cards do not always represent a drawn/pasted image. An individual card may consist of individual elements that are laid out on a sheet. A kind of overlay applique.

Photo gallery: counting aids for the preparatory group

This is how children are presented with the principle of variability of terms with the same amount

This is a dynamic card, that is, it comes with a pocket with balls with examples, as well as cards with answer numbers

In the preparatory group, children easily cope with the task of writing down the neighbors of the numbers in the windows of the house

This guide not only trains math skills, but also develops fine motor skills.

Demonstration counting material is a manifestation of the teacher’s imagination, aimed at ensuring that children learn the basics of mathematical operations while playing. Lapbooks have proven themselves very well, as the children enjoy playing with such large applications, which include pictures, puzzles, and coloring books. When preparing this manual, two important points must be taken into account: the laptop must be strong, that is, not crumble during use, and entertaining, so that with its help the teacher can realize the set training, developmental and educational goals.