Specifics of using didactic games in toddlers
As practice shows, in early preschool age children perceive with interest only tasks that use real objects and specific actions. Tasks that are performed in a familiar environment and situation (for example, hiding a handkerchief behind the back, showing a large cube in a box) usually do not cause difficulties for the children. Therefore, you should initially use just such games when working with children, and only then move on to pictures.
In addition, when using gaming aids, it is necessary to take into account an individual approach - to determine what volume and content of material is available to each specific child. Indeed, in toddlerhood, the development of children is very different due to their psychosomatic health (frequently ill children), character (excessively shy), and characteristics of family upbringing (some are taught by their parents from an early age).
A big role is played by the friendly atmosphere that the teacher must create during the lesson so that the child “opens up” and wants to play the proposed games. At the initial stage, many preschoolers experience natural difficulties and make mistakes - this should not stop the teacher, you need to behave gently and patiently.
The formation of mathematical concepts is especially important if the child has a delay in speech development. The baby will expand his vocabulary and learn words and actions that are important for communicating with people.
The main types of mathematical games for the youngest preschoolers
In the first junior group, not only mathematics classes are used, but also various types of games, one way or another related to mathematical concepts.
Didactic
Didactic games in the nursery group are based on manipulation with objects, they have simple rules and are mostly aimed at sensory development. Let's consider options suitable for this age.
"We're building a house." The game is aimed at developing ideas about color and shape. The teacher shows the children a toy dog and a cat for which they need to build houses. But the dog wants a house made of bricks, and the cat wants a house made of cubes. In a hardware store (a shelf or box with cubes, bricks, balls), the guys choose the necessary materials and build buildings. Animals rejoice and dance merrily. Subsequently, such a game can be complicated - ask the kids to build a house from red cubes for the dog, and from green cubes for the cat, etc.
“Big and small balls” (distinguishing color and size). The teacher gives the children to look at balls of different colors and sizes (large and small), then brings out a large and small doll and says that Katya (big) wants to play with big balls, and Masha (small) with small ones. Preschoolers select toys of the right size. But it turns out that Masha is capricious: she only wants small balls in red, to match the color of her dress. Katya is also angry - she wants blue ones, like her bows on her braids.
Sensory games with clothespins are always popular with kids, as they can help them learn to group objects by color. Any teacher can make such manuals with their own hands. For example, children can be asked to hang their washed clothes on a string to dry: the color of the clothes (made of cardboard) should match the color of the clothespin. Another option is to attach spines to hedgehogs’ backs or attach legs to caterpillars.
Photo gallery: games with clothespins in early preschool age
In order for the caterpillar to walk, you need to build it legs from clothespins.
With the help of ordinary clothespins, kids learn to classify objects by color and reinforce the concept of “many.”
The color of the clothes must match the color of the clothespin
"Who's knocking?" (comparison of the concepts “one-many”). The teacher announces to the children that, for example, a bear or a bunny (toys) will come to visit them. The bear cub always knocks on the door once (“knock”), and the bunny knocks many times (“knock-knock-knock”): the actions are demonstrated. Both toys are put away under the table, the teacher knocks, and the kids must guess who came.
A game character - Mishka - came to the kids
“Find a pair” (combining two identical objects). The doll Katya asks for help finding her things: doll shoes and socks are mixed in front of the children (you can add children's things). The teacher puts one sock and a sandal on Katya’s foot, and the preschoolers must choose a pair to match them. As an option, this game can be played with paper mittens.
Kids learn to pair two identical objects
“A bunny walks around the group” (orientation in space, consolidation of prepositions with spatial meaning). A bunny comes to visit the guys and wants to take a walk around the playroom. He whispers in the teacher's ear where he wants to go or get to. The kids take turns performing actions, for example, putting the bunny on a doll's bed, a high chair, bringing it to the window so that it looks, looking behind the closet, etc.
Moving, physical education, finger gymnastics
In the first younger group, you can play simple outdoor games with kids, where there are no special rules that are difficult to understand at this age. For example, the following options are suitable.
“Don’t touch me.” Children follow each other, walking around objects (balls and cubes). The task is not to hit them and maintain intervals when walking. After the game, the children must answer the questions: what figures did they go around, how many of them (one, many). Subsequently, the task becomes more complicated - flat geometric shapes are used.
“Day and Night” (prerequisites for mastering time concepts). At the teacher’s “Day” signal, the kids walk, run, and jump; at the “Night” signal, they need to sit down and freeze (“fall asleep”). At the end of the game, the teacher asks when people sleep and what the children do during the day.
"Find your house." Geometric shapes - houses - are laid out on the floor (for example, girls have squares, and boys have circles). Children go out for a walk in the clearing: collect imaginary flowers, jump over streams, etc. At the signal “Rain,” you need to quickly hide in the house and stand on your geometric figure.
Some physical education exercises, for example, “Bunny,” are aimed at developing orientation in space relative to one’s body.
Table: physical education
| Bunny, bunny, where is your tail? | claps |
| - Here, here, here! | hands behind your back |
| Bunny, bunny, where is your nose? | claps |
| - Here, here, here! | show your nose |
| Bunny, bunny, where are the paws? | claps |
| - Here, here, here! | show hands |
| Bunny, bunny, where are the ears? | claps |
| - Here, here, here! | show ears |
The finger game “Met” will help you understand the concept of “two” (or “pair”). In addition, such activities train fine motor skills, which has a beneficial effect on speech development.
Table: finger game “Met”
| Two kittens met: “Meow - meow.” Two puppies: “Aw - aw.” Two foals: “I-go-go” | For each phrase, connect the same fingers of the left and right hands, one at a time, starting with the little finger. |
| Two calves, two bulls: “Moo.” Look at the horns! | show “horns”, simultaneously straightening your index fingers and little fingers. |
The finger game “Hedgehog” reinforces the concept of set.
Table: finger game “Hedgehog”
| The hedgehog stomped along the path and carried mushrooms in a basket. To count the mushrooms, you need to count your fingers. . | Children bend their fingers in turn, first on their left hand, then on their right hand. At the end of the exercise, their hands should be clenched into fists. |
Many finger games have mathematical content
Classes in the first junior group are filled with a variety of game techniques and materials to reinforce sensory standards: color, size, shape. Children spend most of the lesson in motion, moving freely and completing tasks at will. You should not ensure that all children in the subgroup complete the tasks without exception; it is better to transfer the development of a skill or concept to individual activities during a walk or in the afternoon.
Card index of didactic games on the mathematical development of children in the second junior group
Elena Pereshivailova
Card index of didactic games on the mathematical development of children in the second junior group
Section "Geometric shapes".
Didactic game "Patches".
Goal: to consolidate children’s ideas about geometric shapes and practice naming them.
Materials: cards with clothes depicted on them in four primary colors and patches in the form of geometric shapes, the same color as the clothes.
Progress of the game: the teacher invites the child to fix the clothes and put a patch of the desired shape and color on each item. The child pronounces the actions out loud. (for blue trousers, a round patch, blue).
Didactic game “Pick a figure.”
Goal: to consolidate children’s ideas about geometric shapes and practice naming them.
Materials: cards with outlines of 5 geometric shapes.
Progress of the game: The teacher gives the children a task: “You have cards on your tables with figures of different shapes drawn on them, find the same figures and put them on the cards so that the figures are hidden.
Didactic game “House for the Hare”
(based on the fairy tale “Zaykina’s Hut”)
Tasks and goals: to form an idea of the shape of objects and comparison of objects by shape (same, different); train the ability to find objects that are the same and different; consolidate the ability to distinguish and name the color of objects; develop spatial concepts.
Materials: picture with painted houses with red, blue and orange roofs; with windows corresponding in shape to the existing figures; triangles - 2 blue and 1 orange; circles - red and orange; Red Square.
Progress of the game: The teacher invites the children to choose a hut for the bunny. In the picture there are three houses with roofs of different colors (red, blue, orange). It is proposed to select windows according to the shape and color of the roof of the house.
Didactic game “Arrange the cookies.”
Goal: to form an idea of the shape and color of objects, the ability to group objects by shape and color.
Materials: vases and plates made of cardboard and sets of geometric shapes of different colors.
Progress of the game: the teacher invites the child to arrange the cookies into plates according to color, and into vases according to shape.
Didactic game “Rugs for bears”
(based on the fairy tale “The Three Bears”).
Tasks and goals: to form an idea of the shape of objects and comparison of objects by shape (same, different); develop the ability to group objects by shape and color; consolidate the ability to identify and name the color of objects; develop spatial concepts.
Materials: sheets with figures drawn on it - “mats for bears” (large figures on one sheet, small ones on the other); 4 large and 4 small figures of different colors; triangles are red; circles - yellow; squares - green; ovals are green.
Progress of the game: The teacher invites the children to look at the bear rugs and determine which ones have large figures and which ones have small ones and decorate the rug with colored figures according to size and shape.
Didactic game “Collect all the flags in a group of three.”
Goal: To practice composing groups of objects based on one or two characteristics. Materials: cards with 9 red, yellow and green flags. The first 3 are connected by a strip.
Progress of the game: The teacher asks to connect the flags with one ribbon according to the pattern.
Didactic game “Decorate the Christmas tree.”
Goals and objectives: to form an idea of the shape of objects and compare objects by shape (same, different), train the ability to find objects of the same and different shapes, introduce into speech practice the names of various forms of flat figures - square, circle, oval, triangle.
Materials: Christmas trees made of cardboard, on which white geometric shapes are depicted, of different sizes. Sets of geometric shapes of different sizes and different colors.
Progress of the game: The child is asked to find geometric shapes of the required size and color, and decorate the Christmas tree with them.
For example: Big red circle, small blue triangle, big yellow square.
Didactic game “Insert windows into houses”
Goal: to train children in making pairs based on one or two characteristics.
Materials: cardboard houses with windows of different shapes and sizes, a set of geometric shapes.
Progress of the game: The teacher suggests placing windows of the desired shape and size into houses.
Didactic game “Which ball did you forget to draw?”
Goal: to develop the ability to group geometric shapes according to two properties (color and shape, to see the simplest patterns in the alternation of shapes.
Materials: cards with circles of different colors (first row: red, yellow, blue, second row: blue, red, yellow, third row: yellow, blue and a free cell, circles of different colors.
Progress of the game: The teacher asks to put a ball into an empty cell, which, in the child’s opinion, is missing.
Didactic game “Repeat the drawing.”
Goal: to develop children’s ability to distinguish primary colors: red, green, yellow, blue, white, black. Develop children's ability to group objects according to common characteristics.
Materials: cards with 2 drawn scarves, open circles are left in the scarves (the large one is of the same diameter, and the small one is different, many circles of different colors and diameters.
Progress of the game: The teacher asks the child to paint (put circles) of different colors on a large ball, and one color on a small one so that the circles are all hidden.
Didactic game “Arrange the buttons.”
Goal: to form an idea of the shape and size of objects.
Materials: plates, a set of cardboard buttons of different shapes and sizes.
Progress of the game: ask the child to place buttons of the same shape and size on plates (round - large, triangular - small).
Didactic game "Let's collect beads."
Goal: to develop the ability to group geometric shapes according to two properties (color and shape, to see the simplest patterns in the alternation of shapes.
Materials: The picture shows a ribbon, on it, from left to right, in a certain alternation, figures are drawn: red circles alternate with yellow ones. In front of the child is a box with colorful circles.
Progress of the game: The teacher offers to make beads for the New Year tree. He points to a tape with laid out geometric shapes and says: “Look, the Snow Maiden has already started making them. What shapes did she decide to make the beads from? Guess which bead is next.” Children select circles (beads) and arrange them in accordance with a given pattern.
Didactic game "Load the car."
Goal: to form an idea of the shape of objects, to introduce into speech practice the names of various forms of flat figures - square, oval, circle, rectangle.
Materials: pictures with large trucks on the back of which one or another geometric figure is depicted, sets of geometric figures made of cardboard.
Progress of the game: the teacher invites the child to fill the cars with geometric shapes that are depicted on the body.
Didactic game "Find the object."
Goal: to form an idea of a triangle as a general shape of some objects, the ability to recognize a triangular shape in objects in the environment.
Materials: ball, cards of two types, some depict figures, others have objects of the same shape. Progress of the game: children stand in a semicircle, in the center there are 2 tables, on one there are geometric shapes, on the other there are objects. Whoever the ball rolls to will go to the table and find an object of the same shape as the teacher shows. If the child finds it correctly, the children clap their hands.
Didactic game “Add the figures.”
Goal: to consolidate the ability to distinguish and name geometric shapes.
Materials: cards with a picture of a finished pattern of geometric shapes, a set of geometric shapes.
Progress: the teacher invites the child to select geometric shapes and put them on a diagram (a house made of a square and a triangle, a car made of rectangles and circles).
Didactic game “What shape does it look like?”
Goal: to form an idea of the shape of objects, the ability to recognize various geometric shapes in objects in the environment.
Materials: cards with images of various objects (watch, painting, plate, ice cream cone).
Progress of the game: the teacher suggests selecting objects similar to a triangle, a square, a circle.
Section "Size".
Didactic game “Long-short”.
Goal: to develop in children a clear differentiated perception of new qualities of size.
Materials: satin and nylon ribbons of different colors and sizes, cardboard strips, story toys: fat hamster, doll
Progress of the game: sets of teaching material (multi-colored ribbons, stripes) are laid out on two tables. The teacher takes out two toys - a hamster and a Tanya doll. Guests want to be dressed up. And for this you need belts. Calls two children and gives them ribbons rolled into a tube: one short - a belt for Tanya, the other long - a belt for a hamster. Children try on and tie belts with the help of a teacher. The toys are happy and want to exchange belts. The teacher offers to look at the belts and spreads them side by side on the table, and then puts the short one on the long one. He explains which ribbon is long and which is short - this is the length. The teacher explains that by overlaying, we find out the length of the ribbons - short and long.
Didactic game “Berries for Bears”
(based on the fairy tale "The Three Bears")
Tasks and goals: To consolidate the ability to distinguish and name the sizes of objects - large, smaller, small; consolidate the ability to distinguish and name colors: blue, green, orange; compare objects by color and size.
Materials: circles of orange, blue and green colors D = 15 cm. for each child; currants, raspberries, strawberries or other berries of different sizes.
Progress of the game: The teacher gives the children three circles of the same size: blue, green, orange. Circles represent plates for bears. Children are invited to place the smallest berries on a blue plate; more berries on a green plate; The largest berries are placed on the orange plate.
Children are asked to compare the berries and name the color of the plate and name the berries that are on this plate and compare them in size with other berries on other plates.
Didactic game “Harvest”.
Goal: to develop children’s ability to compare two objects by size, to activate the words “big, small” in children’s speech.
Materials: a set of models of vegetables of different sizes (large and small).
Progress of the game: the teacher talks about how the bunny has grown a very large crop, now it needs to be harvested. We look at what has grown in the beds (beets, carrots, cabbage). Let's clarify what we will use to collect vegetables. The teacher asks: “What is the size of this basket? What vegetables should we put in it?” At the end of the game, we generalize that the large basket contains large vegetables, and the small basket contains small ones.
Didactic game "Train".
Goal: to develop the ability to distinguish and name the sizes of objects - large, smaller, small.
Materials: toys hare, frog, mouse, cubes of different sizes - large, smaller, small.
Progress of the game: children are asked to build a train for the hare from large cubes, for a frog from smaller cubes, and for a mouse from small cubes.
Section "Color".
Didactic game "Visiting".
Goal: to clarify ideas about four colors - red, yellow, green, blue and their names.
Materials: 4 houses: red, yellow, green and blue, 4 stripes-paths and 4 men of the corresponding colors.
Progress of the game: The teacher invites the children to put a path to the houses, as well as the owner of the house, a colored man. Children must guess that the paths and houses should be the same color as the man.
Didactic game "Hide and Seek".
Goal: to consolidate the ability to identify and name the colors of objects, to train memory and speech.
Materials: Colored people of different colors.
How to play: Two people of different colors are placed in front of the children. Then the children close their eyes, the teacher removes one little man and asks: what color is the little man hiding? The game can become more complicated; the teacher can put up four people at once and remove two.
Didactic game "Physical Education".
Goal: to consolidate and name colors, to form the experience of arranging objects in order from left to right.
Materials: men of four colors (red, green, yellow, blue).
Progress of the game: The teacher invites the child to imagine that the little men decided to do physical education. And he says that the green man was the first to stand in the line. Find this little man and put him first. And after that blue. Place it to his left. Etc.
Didactic game “Lay the table.”
Goal: to develop the ability to distribute objects into groups by color based on a materialized sample, to consolidate the ability to identify and name colors.
Materials: A sheet of paper divided into 4 equal parts. Each part has its own color. Geometric shapes in two sizes, the same color as the squares (2 of each).
Progress of the game: The teacher shows the children a sheet and geometric shapes and says that these are, respectively, a table and dishes for colored people.
-Where will the red (yellow, green, blue) man sit? The teacher suggests that the dishes be placed on the table in the same color.
Didactic game “Get things in order.”
Goal: to clarify ideas about the four colors - red, yellow, green, blue, and their names. Develop the ability to distribute objects into groups by color based on a material sample.
Materials: cards depicting things, dishes, toys in four colors.
Progress of the game: The teacher invites the children to place objects of the same color into a box of a given color.
Didactic game “Find identical nesting dolls.”
Goal: to form an idea of basic colors and shades.
Materials: 5 nesting dolls, 2 nesting dolls in red scarves and blue sundresses, 2 nesting dolls in yellow scarves and green sundresses and one nesting doll in a blue scarf and green sundress.
Progress of the game: the teacher asks the child to find the same ones from five nesting dolls and explain them.
"Account" section.
Didactic game "Food for the turtle."
Tasks and goals: To consolidate the ability to compare groups of objects by quantity using pairings and equalize the number of groups of objects, use the concepts of “one” and “many”; consolidate the ability to compare objects by properties.
Materials: turtle; 3 carrots of different sizes and colors; a sheet of paper with 3 orange carrots drawn on it; 3 zucchini.
Progress of the game: The teacher invites the children to go to the store and buy carrots and zucchini for the turtle, which the turtle loves very much. There are 3 carrots and 2 zucchini on the counter. Children put vegetables in a basket and bring them to the turtle. The teacher asks to compare carrots and zucchini by quantity. After comparison, the children come to the conclusion that they need to buy more zucchini so that there are equal numbers of zucchini and carrots.
Didactic game "One, two, many."
Goal: to form an idea of the number two, the ability to count to two.
Materials: a set of pictures depicting two, one and many objects.
Progress of the game: the teacher offers to choose cards that depict two objects, one, many objects.
Didactic game “We are sailing on a boat”
Tasks and goals: Strengthen the ability to count to two, compare the size of groups consisting of two objects, determine and name the color and size of objects.
Materials: large (10) and small (10) boats red, orange, yellow, green, blue; 20 big and little people.
Progress of the game: The teacher invites the children to choose two boats: of the same color; one size; same color and size. You can put one person in each boat.
Didactic game "Compote".
Goal: to develop the ability to correlate numbers one and two with quantity, to group objects according to two characteristics (color and size).
Materials: pots with numbers 1 and 2, red and green apples, different sizes.
Progress of the game: the teacher invites the child to cook compote from apples. To do this, you need to put in a pan as many red apples of different sizes as the number on the pan shows, and in another pan put large apples of different colors.
Didactic game “Guess the number.”
Goal: to consolidate the ability to find and name the number 3, to develop the ability to correlate the number 3 with quantity.
Materials: a set of cards with images of objects of different quantities, covers with numbers glued on.
Progress of the game: The child chooses a card, counts the objects depicted on it and places the cover with the desired number in the designated place.
Didactic game “Birds in a Cage”.
Goal: to consolidate the ability to use the concepts of “one” and “many”, to compare groups of objects by quantity by making pairs.
Materials: cardboard cages of the same size, birds large and small.
Progress of the game: the teacher invites the child to put many small birds in a large cage, and one large bird in a small cage.
Didactic game "Butterflies".
Goal: to form an idea of establishing an equal number of groups of objects using pairings, to introduce the expression “the same” into speech practice.
Materials: butterflies and flowers made of cardboard.
Progress of the game: the teacher tells the child that the butterflies are very tired and want to rest on the flowers. He suggests planting one butterfly per flower. Then he asks questions: how many butterflies did you plant on the flower? Are there any extra flowers left? Any extra butterflies left? So there are equal numbers of them, or someone more? In conclusion, the teacher records the conclusion that each butterfly landed on one flower, so there are equal numbers of butterflies and flowers.
Didactic game “Three triangles”
Goal: consolidate the ability to find and name the number 3, guess the figure - a triangle.
Materials: cards with images of figures of different shapes and the same figures, trays.
Progress of the game: the teacher shows the figures and traces them with his finger. You have cards on your tables with figures of different shapes on them, and the same figures are on trays. Place all the figures on the cards so that they are hidden. We put (hide) it on the drawn figure.
Didactic game "Arrange the balls."
Goal: To train children to combine objects by color. To develop the ability to compare objects by quantity (what is more, what is less).
Materials: cards with outlines of 3 squares of different colors with the numbers 1,2,3 written next to them. Circles of different colors and sizes.
Progress of the game: The teacher asks to put circles of the same color as the square into the box (square). In one - one, in the second - several, in the third - many.
Didactic game "Flower Glade".
Goal: to update children’s ideas about the concepts one - many, to develop attention.
Materials: cardboard flower beds, flowers of different sizes and colors.
Progress of the game: the teacher suggests planting two blue flowers, three yellow and one red in the flowerbed.
Didactic game “Parcels for rabbits”.
Tasks and goals: Create a motivational situation for the unauthorized designation of the number of objects; to form the experience of fixing a difficulty and understanding its cause.
Materials: turtle; 3 rabbit toys, 2 parcels with the numbers 1 and 2 written on them, 3 carrots.
Progress of the game: The teacher invites the children to bring packages for the bunnies from the post office. Each parcel contains carrots; Parcels cannot be opened. To find out how many carrots there are, you need to read the information about them on the parcel. Children determine the number of carrots by the numbers written on the parcel.
Didactic game “What numbers are hidden?”
Goal: to develop the ability to identify and name numbers, to introduce the words number, one, two, three into the children’s dictionary.
Materials: cards with the picture shown on which the numbers are hidden (swan - number 2).
Progress of the game: the teacher asks the child to find the numbers in the picture and name them.
Didactic game “Pictures and Numbers”.
Goal: to develop the ability to correlate numbers with the number of objects.
Materials: cards depicting various objects, animals and a set of numbers from 1 to 3.
Progress of the game: the teacher invites the child to take a card, count the objects on it and choose the corresponding number.
Didactic game "Count it"
Goal: to develop the ability to compare groups of objects by quantity using counting.
Materials: diagram cards, which show a number and several geometric shapes at the beginning, a set of geometric shapes.
Progress of the game: the teacher invites the child to select as many triangles as the number shows and put them on the diagram, etc. Encourage the child to name numbers and geometric shapes.
Didactic game "Garage".
Goal: to consolidate the ability to correlate studied numbers with quantities.
Materials: garages from a designer with numbers and cars marked with numbers.
Progress of the game: children roll cars and after the signal they must put them in the garage; the numbers on the car and the garage must match.
Section "Orientation in space".
Didactic game “Where is the bear?”
Goal: to clarify ideas about spatial relationships “on”, “above”, “under”.
Materials: cards with a picture of a bear cub sitting on a tree, under a tree, flying in a ball above the tree.
Progress of the game: the teacher invites the child to tell where the bear is. Helping him construct the phrase correctly.
Didactic game “Who hid behind the fence?”
Goal: to clarify ideas about spatial relationships “behind”, “about”.
Materials: cards with a picture of a fence behind which a rooster, cow, pig, goose are hiding. A little bear sits near the fence and chickens walk around.
Progress of the game: the child is asked to look at the picture and determine which of the animals and birds is hiding behind the fence, and which is standing near the fence. Actively using “for”, “about” in speech.
Didactic game “Right - Left”.
Goal: to develop children’s ability to navigate in space (left - right).
Materials: Two baskets, cards with pictures of cabbage and carrots, a toy – Hare.
Progress of the game: the teacher invites the children to help the bunny arrange the harvest of cabbage and carrots into baskets. The teacher puts the Bunny and two baskets on the table. Invites 2 children to come to the table, explaining that the bunny is standing in the center of the table. And there are baskets on the right and left. It is suggested to put cabbage in the right basket and carrots in the left basket. Children, placing vegetables in baskets, accompany their actions with speech.
Didactic game "Visiting".
Goal: to clarify the spatial relationships “left-right”, to form children’s idea of the position of an object on the right and left.
Materials: card with a picture of a road and houses, different trees located on the left and right. Figures of Winnie the Pooh and Heel. Progress of the game: the teacher tells that in front of the child there is a path to the houses of Eeyore and Owl, to get to the Owl's house you need to go left, and to the donkey to the right. If the child is at a loss, then you can tell him that there is a spruce tree growing next to the donkey’s house.
Table: examples of GCD notes in mathematics for children 2–3 years old
| Author and topic of the lesson | Progress of the lesson |
| Evdokimova I.S. "Unexpected Guest" | The teacher tells the kids a story about the mouse Peak, who loved to sing and did not like to study. So he didn't know anything. There is a knock on the door and the mouse Peak appears: the teacher brings a toy to each child and calls his name. The baby must name his own in response. The mouse wants to build himself a house from yellow bricks, but cannot select them from the building material (Peak takes a brick of a different color). The teacher offers to help the hero - each child takes a yellow brick. The teacher asks for the name of the part, its color and quantity (one). The teacher praises the children. The mouse brought the children a game - a box of beads. Kids name their color and shape (blue and round). Each child is asked to take one bead and roll it with their fingers. The teacher thanks Peak for the interesting game and asks the kids to teach him to dance. Music is playing and children are dancing. |
| Quoted from: https://www.maam.ru/detskijsad/konspekt-zanjatija-po-matematike-v-jaselnoi-grupe-obrazovatelnaja-situacija-neozhidanyi-gost.html | |
| "High Low" | The teacher invites the kids to pet the toy bunny, which is on the top shelf of the closet. The children try to reach him, but to no avail. The teacher asks the children why they cannot do this, seeking the answer “high.” Then it is suggested to pet the squirrel, which is located just below. The guys manage to do it. And the teddy bear sits on the bottom shelf - and it is very convenient for preschoolers to stroke its furry back. The teacher gets the children to say that the toy is low. It turns out that the bear cub brought the children posts to indicate which of the toys is located low and which is high. The kids, together with the teacher, arrange the columns according to height. Then the same thing is repeated with pyramids of different heights. The bunny brings the kids a magical album with pictures of the same bunnies. The children look at it and, at the request of the teacher, find animals with long and short pants. Squirrel invites the children to play - launch paper airplanes and see how high or low they fly. |
| Sharudilova O. Yu. “One is many” | The teacher invites the children to go on a journey on an improvised train. Children, holding each other, make a circle around the carpet and end up in a garden of flowers. Red, yellow and blue flowers are laid out on the carpet. It turns out they love to dance. A game is played: kids dance along with the flowers to the music, and when it ends, they lower them to the “ground.” As the game progresses, the teacher asks the children the color of their flowers. Butterflies also flew into the garden with red, blue and yellow wings. Children take and help each one sit on a flower of the same color. The teacher draws the children's attention to the fact that butterflies are not the same - there are big and small. Then the teacher says that the wind blew and asks the kids to hide the butterflies in a box. Attention is drawn to their number (each child brought one butterfly, and together there are many of them). Then the kids are asked to bring red flowers first, then blue and finally yellow. The children again form a train and go back to kindergarten to tell everyone what they saw in the forest clearing. |
| Quoted from: https://www.maam.ru/detskijsad/konspekt-zanjatija-po-matematike-v-pervoi-mladshei-grupe-odin-mnogo.html |
Card index of FEMP games used in the second junior group
Games with mathematical content offered in the second junior group become more complex. They perform a specific task or combine several tasks.
- Compiling groups of objects, obtaining equality, selecting objects according to some criterion (reinforce the concept of quantity, magnitude).
- Distinguishing geometric shapes.
- For orientation in space (optionally - on a plane).
- Reinforcing temporary concepts (parts of the day).
Children of the fourth year of life, without prompting from the teacher, decide what to do in their free time. Therefore, the mathematics corner in the group becomes more saturated with various aids, in particular, more board and printed games appear.
In the second younger group, board and printed games are already appropriate
The rules of outdoor games are becoming more complicated, and numbers are introduced into finger gymnastics, which children involuntarily remember.
Educational
The catalog of didactic games in mathematics in the second junior group is quite voluminous. In early preschool age, games are popular, the essence of which is to compare the shapes of objects and objects with geometric figures. This is, for example, “Geometric Lotto”, “Find an object of the same shape”.
Kids also love to make beautiful ornaments from geometric shapes and decorate objects with them. This is the game “Make a pattern on a mitten”: preschoolers are offered mittens with a variety of patterns of geometric shapes. The children’s task is to decorate the second one in the same way to make a pair.
Pupils of the second junior group must place on the second mitten the same pattern of figures as on the first
“Collect beads for the doll.” The child is offered a thread and three-dimensional geometric shapes with a hole inside. Alternating the figures in a given sequence, the baby assembles a beautiful decoration for the doll.
An exciting game guide will help children remember shapes, primary colors and is very useful for the development of fine motor skills
This game has variations:
- lay out beads from identical figures of different colors;
- from different figures of the same color;
- from two different figures of different colors;
A simpler version of the game is beads, which are laid out from flat figures on a sheet of paper with a drawn thread.
Children aged 3–4 years old enjoy playing “Wonderful Bag”: the teacher names a geometric figure, and the children (one by one) find the same one in the bag by touch. By the way, you can use Dienesh blocks for such activities.
“Zoo” reinforces the concepts of “one” and “many.” The teacher informs the children that many new animals have been brought to the zoo (shows figurines), and leads the children to the idea that the animals cannot all be together. They need to be distributed into different cells (paper boxes). Each child takes one animal and transports it by car into a cage. All this activity is accompanied by questions to the teachers: how many animals, how many cars, how many cages.
Fix Your Car teaches you to classify objects based on their color and size. The teacher invites the kids to turn into auto mechanics and change the wheels on cars. But you need to be careful: a larger car must have larger wheels and vice versa.
For each car you need to choose wheels of the appropriate color and size.
Movable
In the second junior group, various outdoor games are held, organized according to the principle “Find your house.” However, each time, in order to arouse the interest of preschoolers, the teacher offers a new plot: “Cat and Mice”, “Birds and the Cat”, “Sparrows and a Car”, etc. The goal of the game is to occupy your hole, nest, garage (their number corresponds to the number of children ).
“Where did the mouse hide” develops orientation in space. The teacher shows a toy mouse that really wants to play with the kids. The kids close their eyes, and the mouse ends up under the table, on the closet, etc. The task of preschoolers is to find it, always commenting on the location of the toy with the words: above, below, near, etc.
“Mirror” (also aimed at developing orientation in space). The teacher tells the children that they are turning into a mirror and must repeat all its movements. At first, the movements are simple - raise your arm or leg, touch your ear, etc., and then they become more complex: raise your arm and leg at the same time, jump and clap your hands.
“Giants and Dwarfs” reinforces the concept of size. The kids walk around the room at a normal pace. At the teacher’s signal “Dwarfs!” their steps become short, “Giants!” - very long.
A similar game can be supplemented with speech development. Children sit in a circle, the teacher rolls a ball one by one, begins a phrase, and the child must finish it:
- boots are long, and boots... (short)
- The T-shirt has short sleeves, and the shirt... (long).
- the knee socks are long, and the socks... (short).
- the shorts are short and the trousers... (long).
- the dress is long, and the skirt... (short).
- the coat is long, and the jacket... (short).
Physical education and finger games
It is good to alternate calm didactic games in class with physical education exercises and finger exercises, which also reflect mathematical concepts. During physical education, children can strengthen their spatial orientation skills.
Table: physical education
| One day a gray goat came into the garden to eat. | The index fingers are straightened, the fingers are pressed to the forehead. Let's go forward. |
| I looked around - there was food here and there. | We turn in one direction or the other. |
| There is grass under the hooves, | Lowering the chin |
| And above your head there is foliage. | Raise your chin up. |
| Bend over and eat the cabbage | We lean down. |
| And at the top there are big pears | We stand on our toes and stretch up. |
| Cucumbers grow behind | Let's turn back. |
| There are bushes growing ahead. | Let's turn back. |
| On the left is a young onion, on the right is a young zucchini | Half turns left, right. |
| Here - a hundred berries, there - two hundred | Tilts to the right, left. |
| The goat is spinning in place. | Let's spin. |
| And while he was choosing, the Dog drove him into the barn. | We bow our heads and run away from the dog. |
Table: finger game “Toys” (consolidating counting skills)
| On a large sofa, Katina's dolls are sitting in a row: | They clap their hands alternately. |
| Two bears, Pinocchio and cheerful Cipollino, and a kitten and a baby elephant. | Bend all fingers one by one. |
| One two three four five. | Extend your fingers one by one. |
| We help our Katya We collect toys. | They alternately clap their hands and knock with their fists. |
Table: finger game “Worms”
| One, two, three, four, five, the worms went for a walk. | Palms lie on your knees or on the table. By bending our fingers, we pull our palm towards us (movement of a crawling caterpillar), and walk along the table with our index and middle fingers (the remaining fingers are pressed towards our palm). |
| Suddenly a crow runs up | We fold our fingers into a pinch. |
| She nods her head | We swing them up and down. |
| Croaks: “Here comes dinner!” | Open your palm, moving your thumb down and the rest up. |
| Lo and behold, there are no worms! | We clench our fists, pressing them to our chest. |
Table: finger game "Dishes"
| One two three four, | Alternate between clapping your hands and banging your fists against each other. |
| We washed the dishes: | One palm slides over the other in a circle. |
| A teapot, a cup, a ladle, a spoon and a large ladle. We washed the dishes | Bend your fingers, starting with the thumb. |
| We just broke the cup, the ladle also fell apart, the nose of the teapot was knocked off. We broke the spoon a little | Extend your fingers one at a time, starting with the thumb. |
| This is how we helped mom! | Bump your fists together, clap your hands. |
Classes with children aged 3–4 years last longer than in a nursery, and children can already spend some time at the tables, completing the teacher’s assignments.
Didactic games on FEMP (mathematics) for younger children.
Smertina Svetlana Martemyanovna,
teacher at MBDOU "Kindergarten No. 366"
Chelyabinsk"
Card index of didactic games on FEMP for younger children.
Form.
Name of the game .
"Geometric Lotto"
To play the game you will need cards with geometric shapes (single-color outlines) depicted in a row. The cards have a different selection of figures. On one there is a circle, a square, a triangle; on the other - circle, square, circle; on the third - triangle, triangle, circle; on the fourth - a square, a triangle, a circle, etc. In addition, each child has a set of geometric shapes of the same size as the outline images on the cards (two shapes of each shape in different colors).
At the beginning of the lesson, the child lays out all the figures in front of him. The card lies on the table in front of him. The teacher shows the figure, invites the children to find the same one and lay it out on the cards so that they match the ones drawn.
Depending on the knowledge and skills of the children, the game is simplified or complicated (there may be more or fewer pieces).
Name of the game.
“Put it in boxes.”
In the game, children learn to group geometric shapes, abstracting from color and size.
This game uses boxes (tables on each of which contain a geometric figure), on which contour images of the figures are given, and circles, squares, and triangles of various colors and sizes.
The task for the children is to put things in order, put all the figures into boxes (tables). Children' first look at the boxes and determine which one should put what in them. Then they lay out the figures on boxes (tables), correlating their shape with the outline image.
Name of the game.
"Houses for small figures."
Purpose of the game:
teach children to carefully and carefully tidy up their materials after playing, and to compose images of familiar objects from geometric shapes. Develop the child’s imagination, fantasy, independence in decision-making, fine motor skills, attentiveness and accuracy when working with small parts and putting them away in the appropriate houses after playing. Reinforcing the names of geometric shapes and colors.
Progress of the game:
The teacher invites the children to play, lay out on the table objects familiar to them (a house, a car, a steam locomotive, a Christmas tree, a butterfly, a pyramid...) from geometric shapes.
Children choose the necessary details independently from the total mass of the manual (circles, squares, triangles, rectangles, ovals of different colors).
Name of the game . " Which form for whom?"
Option 1. Purpose of the game
: teach children to group geometric shapes (ovals, circles) by shape, distracting from color and size.
Equipment
: Large bear and matryoshka. Handout: three circles and ovals of different colors and sizes, 2 large trays for each child.
Progress of the game:
The teacher demonstrates a circle and an oval, asks the children to remember the names of these figures, show how they differ from each other, and trace the contours with their fingers. “Now put all the circles on one tray - a matryoshka, all the ovals on another - a bear.” The teacher observes how the children complete the task, and in case of difficulty, asks the child to circle the figure with his finger and say what it is called. At the end of the lesson, the teacher summarizes: “Today we learned to distinguish circles from ovals. The bear will take all the ovals to the forest, and the matryoshka will take the circles home.”
Option 2. Purpose of the game
: teach children to group geometric shapes (squares, rectangles, triangles) by shape, distracting from color and size. The content is the same as option 1.
Name of the game.
"Find a match."
Progress of the game:
On the table there are mittens cut out of paper, on one of which are depicted, for example, a circle and a triangle, on the other - a circle and a square, on the third - two triangles, etc. Each of the children also has one mitten, they must find for themselves a pair of mittens, guided by the picture. This game is also useful because it involves live communication between children, during which speech is activated.
Name of the game .
“Pick up a tea pair”
Purpose of the game
: Teach to compare objects, highlight the main features.
Develop attention, memory, thinking, fine motor skills. Reinforce the concepts of “different”, “same”, “pair”, the names of geometric shapes and the skill of distinguishing them.
Equipment: cardboard cutouts
multi-colored tea cups and saucers with geometric shapes pasted on them.
Task:
It is necessary to select the right cups for the saucers according to the shape on them.
Progress of the game:
The teacher hands out colorful tea cups to the children. There are saucers of matching colors on the tables. Children are asked to find a tea pair - to match the figure on the cup and saucer.
Name of the game.
"What changed?".
The teacher puts a circle, square, triangle in a row on the board or flannelgraph and invites the children to look at the figures on the board and remember their location. Then he asks the children to close their eyes, while he himself removes one of the figures. Having opened their eyes, children must say what has changed. The game is repeated several times.
Such games and exercises can be selected and varied depending on the level of preparedness of the children in this group.
Name of the game.
"Find the object ."
(option 1) Purpose of the game:
Learn to compare the shapes of objects with geometric patterns.
Equipment:
Geometric shapes (circle, square, triangle, rectangle, oval).
Progress of the game:
The children stand in a semicircle. In the center there are two tables: on one there are geometric shapes, on the second there are objects. The teacher explains the rules of the game: “We will play like this: whoever the hoop rolls to will come to the table and find an object of the same shape as the one I show. The child to whom the hoop rolled comes out, the teacher shows the circle and offers to find an object of the same shape. The found object rises high, if it is chosen correctly, the children clap their hands. Then the adult rolls the hoop to the next child and offers a different shape. The game continues until all items match the samples.
Name of the game.
"Find the object."
(option 2) Purpose of the game:
Reinforces the name of geometric shapes and the ability to find an object of the desired shape in the environment. Children have one figure each. The teacher gives the task to go around the room and find some toy or object of the same shape. After which the child explains why he brought it.
Name of the game .
“Find out the shape of an object”
Children sit at a common table.
Each child has a card with geometric shapes: circle, square, triangle. The teacher shows a small circle. The child who has such a figure takes the small circle and puts it on his own.
The teacher shows another small figure, and again the one who has this figure takes it for himself.
And so on until the figures in the row are closed. Whoever covers all the pieces first is the winner.
Name of the game.
“Make an object.”
Purpose of the game
: practice composing the silhouette of an object from individual parts (geometric shapes).
Equipment:
There are large toys on the table: a house, a tumbler, a snowman, a Christmas tree, a truck. In front of the child are sets of different geometric shapes.
Progress of the game:
The teacher offers to name the toys that are on his table and make any of them using a set of geometric shapes. Encourages and stimulates children's actions. He asks: “What did you make up? From what geometric shapes?” Children examine the resulting silhouettes of toys, remember the corresponding poems and riddles. It is possible to combine the composed silhouettes into a single plot: “House in the Forest”, “Winter Walk”, “Street”, etc.
Name of the game .
“Let’s collect the beads.”
Purpose of the game:
to develop the ability to group geometric shapes according to two properties (color and shape, size and color, shape and size), to see the simplest patterns in the alternation of shapes, to develop the perception of color and size.
Equipment:
There is a long ribbon on the floor, on it, from left to right, in a certain alternation, figures are laid out: a red triangle, a green circle, a red triangle, etc.
Progress of the game:
Children stand in a circle, in front of them are boxes with multi-colored geometric shapes. The teacher suggests making beads for the New Year tree. He points to a tape with laid out geometric shapes and says: “Look, the Snow Maiden has already started making them. What shapes did she decide to make the beads from? Guess which bead is next.” Children take two of the same figures, name them and begin to make beads. They explain why they lay out this particular figure. Under the guidance of the teacher, mistakes are corrected. Then the teacher says that the beads have scattered and need to be collected again. He lays out the beginning of the beads on the tape, and invites the children to continue. He asks which figure should be next and why. Children choose geometric shapes and arrange them in accordance with a given pattern.
Name of the game .
“Pick up a figure. »
Purpose of the game:
consolidate children’s ideas about geometric shapes and practice naming them.
Fix the name of geometric shapes, the ability to select the necessary geometric shapes and use the method of overlay. Develop attention, patience and accuracy.
Equipment:
Demonstration: circle, square, triangle, (oval, rectangle), cut out of cardboard. Handout: cards with outlines of 3 (5) geometric lottos, on which geometric shapes are drawn - square, circle, triangle (oval, rectangle).
Progress of the game:
The teacher shows the children the figures and traces each one with his finger. Gives a task to the children: “You have cards on your tables with figures of different shapes on them, and the same figures on a tray. Place all the figures on the cards so that they hide the “drawn” ones. Asks the children to trace each figure lying on the tray, and then places it on the drawn figure (“hide”).
Invite your child to match the figure to its image in the picture. Show your child how to do it, and then ask him to complete the task himself.
Name of the game.
“Close the doors in the houses,” or “Pick up a figure.”
Option 1. Frame inserts.
Purpose of the game:
Strengthen children's ideas about geometric shapes and practice naming them. Learn to select shapes (method of overlay) Strengthen the skill of examining geometric shapes by tracing and overlaying.
Equipment:
circle, square, triangle, rectangle, with corresponding shapes cut out inside them (inset frames)
Progress of the game:
The teacher shows a circle and, tracing it with his finger, asks: “What is the name of this figure, what is its shape?” shows an oval and also traces it with his finger: “What shape is this?” does the same with other figures in the following sequence: triangle, square, rectangle. Tracing the figures, outside and inside along the contours (you should fix attention on the corners.) Lay out all the figures so that they coincide with the cut out figures." The teacher asks the children to trace each figure lying on the table with their finger, then put it on the cut out figure and only when completely coincidence - put. You can play out the actions: bunnies live in houses, they hide in them from the wolf, but they forgot to close the doors. Let's help them hide - we'll close the doors.
Option 2.
For each child, a house with a rectangular slot for a door is cut out of paper (cardboard). The child is given two doors, one of which exactly covers the slot in the house, the other is much narrower. Bunnies live in the houses, the figures of which can be cut out using a paper stencil.
Bunnies walk through the forest, play happily.
Suddenly a wolf appears (a toy or bibabo toy - the teacher brings it in). Frightened, the bunnies hide in the houses. But the doors are still open, and the bunnies ask the children to save them from the wolf - to close the door so that the wolf cannot get through it. Children accurately select the right width of the door.
During the game, the words “wide” and “narrow” are not spoken. Only at the end, when all the doors are already closed, does the teacher praise the children for choosing the right door, the one that is wider. “What could have happened if we had taken another door? - asks the teacher. “She wouldn’t even have blocked the entrance to the house, and the wolf would have been able to catch up with the hare.” You can invite the children to put the doors one on top of the other and see again which one is wider and which one is narrower.
Name of the game.
“Hide the mouse in the house”
Purpose of the game
: develop children's ideas about primary colors and geometric shapes (circle, square, triangle, rectangle).
Equipment:
The game consists of four cards, in the middle of which a mouse is drawn in different geometric shapes and shapes (square, triangle, circle, rectangle).
Progress of the game: hide the mouse from the cat, close the house with the “same” figure as the window.
Name of the game.
“Let’s decorate the mittens.”
Purpose of the game
: learn to select shapes that correspond to the contours on the mittens and apply them to the contour. Create the same pattern on the second mitten, assign the name of geometric shapes and colors. Activate children's speech in pronouncing the location of the figures (below, above, next to, near, between, etc.) Form an understanding of the right and left mittens.
Name of the game .
“Sort by size or color or shape.”
Purpose of the game:
consolidation of knowledge of color, size, development of fine motor skills.
Table: examples of notes for a game lesson in mathematics for children 3–4 years old
| Author and theme of GCD | Contents of the lesson |
| Azhbulatova M.A. "Triangle" | Preschoolers sit on the carpet, and the teacher tells them a fairy tale about a circle and a square, who once went out for a walk. At the same time, children are shown paper figures with arms, legs, eyes, etc. (the square is square, the circle is round), and they highlight their distinctive features. Then the figures met the Triangle and were surprised that it did not look like them (preschoolers examine the triangle, highlighting its distinctive features). Then the guys find similarities between the figures. The teacher invites the kids to build two houses from squares and triangles on a magnetic board. On the roof of the houses there are numbers 1 and 2: they indicate the number of residents (their role is played by circles). Two children are called: they populate the houses with tenants. Similar work is offered locally (each child has a set of figures). Physical education is conducted (children perform movements according to the text.
At the end of the lesson, the teacher invites the children to tell the guests a fairy tale: the teacher begins the phrase, and the preschoolers finish it, based on the picture:
The lesson is summed up and the children share their impressions. |
| Belova T. “In search of Mashenka” (game activity using Dienesh blocks) | The teacher asks the children if they like the cartoon “Masha and the Bear”. It turns out that Misha sent a message asking for help - the wolves stole Masha, and he doesn’t know how to find her. Children, of course, want to help the heroes. The teacher suggests going into the forest on a train of chairs. Each of them has a geometric figure glued to it, and the tickets are Dienesh blocks. To take a seat, you need to find a chair with the same figure. The locomotive sets off. The children's attention is drawn to the little house with the crying bunny. In front of the tower are three hoops with locks (each lock is three figures that differ in some way, for example, two red triangles and a circle). It was the evil fox who locked the hare crowbar and ran away. To open the locks, you need to find an extra piece in each group. The children successfully complete the task, and the bunny, in gratitude, reports that the wolves took Masha across the river. We need to build a bridge. To do this, you can only use Dienesha blocks that are blue. The guys build a bridge and end up with the wolves. It turns out that they want Masha to bake them a cake. But she doesn't know how to decorate it. Preschoolers are offered patterns of patterns from Dienesh blocks. Kids name the shapes that make up the patterns and begin to complete an individual task. The wolves release Masha. A song from the cartoon plays, and the children, along with the heroine, return to kindergarten by train. Quoted from: https://www.maam.ru/detskijsad/konspekt-zanjatija-po-matematike-vo-vtoroi-mladshei-grupe-igrovoe-zanjatie-s-blokami-denesha-v-poiskah-mashenki.html |
Teaching mathematical concepts in the first and second junior groups is inextricably linked with the gaming component. After all, games are a fun and exciting alternative to the same type of tasks with similar visual material. The first successes inspire children, awakening interest in mathematics. And this subject, in turn, contributes to raising children as thinking people who can draw conclusions, correctly assess the situation and make decisions independently.
Card index of games on the concept of magnitude in the younger group
Varankina Tatyana Andreevna
Card index of games on the concept of magnitude in the younger group
1. "Three Bears".
Purpose of the game: to practice comparing and ordering objects by size.
Equipment: silhouettes of three bears, children have sets of toys in three sizes: tables, chairs, beds, cups, spoons.
Progress of the game: The teacher gives the children a set of objects of the same type: three spoons of different sizes, three chairs, and says: “Once upon a time there were three bears. What were their names? (Children call). Who is this? (Puts the silhouette of Mikhail Ivanovich). What size is it? And who is this? (Nastasya Petrovna). Is she bigger or smaller than Mikhail Ivanovich? What kind of Mishutka? (Small). Let's give each bear a room. The biggest bear, Mikhail Ivanovich, will live here. Which one of you has a bed, chair, etc. for Mikhail Ivanovich? (Children place objects near the bear; in case of a mistake, Mikhail Ivanovich says: “No, this is not my bed”). Do you have a bed, chair, etc. for Mishutka? (The children arrange a room for him.) Who were these items left for? (For Nastasya Petrovna). What size are they? (Less than for Mikhail Ivanovich, but more than for Mishutka). Let's take them to Nastasya Petrovna. The bears set up their home and went for a walk in the forest. Who's going ahead? Who's behind him? Who is last? (The teacher helps the children remember the relevant fragments of the fairy tale).
2. “Three squares.”
Purpose of the game: to teach children to correlate three objects by size and indicate their relationships with the words: “big”, small”, “medium”, largest”, “smallest”.
Equipment: Three squares of different sizes, flannelgraph; Children have 3 squares, flannel.
Progress of the game: Teacher: Children, I have 3 squares, like these (shows). This one is the biggest, this one is smaller, and this one is the smallest (each of them shows). And now you show the largest squares (the children raise and show, put them down. Now raise the middle ones. Now - the smallest ones. Next, the teacher invites the children to build towers from the squares. Shows how this is done: places it on the flannelgraph from the bottom, up, first the big one, then medium, then small square. “Make such a tower on your flannelgraphs,” says the teacher.
3. "Game with a hoop."
Purpose of the game: distinguish and find geometric shapes.
Equipment: For the game, 4–5 story toys are used (doll, nesting dolls, basket, etc.); differing in size, color, shape.
How to play: The toy is placed in the hoop. Children identify the characteristics characteristic of the toy, put into the hoop those geometric shapes that have a similar characteristic (all red, all big, all round, etc.) Outside the hoop are figures that do not have the selected characteristic (not round, not big, etc.) .d.).
Purpose of the game: to teach children to compare the shape of the depicted object with a geometric figure and to select objects according to a geometric pattern.
Equipment: 5 cards depicting geometric shapes: 1 circle, square, triangle, rectangle, oval. 5 cards each depicting objects of different shapes: round (tennis ball, apple, ball, soccer ball, balloon, square rug, scarf, cube, etc.; oval (melon, plum, leaf, beetle, egg); rectangular (envelope, briefcase, book, domino, picture).
Progress of the game: 5 children take part. The teacher reviews the material with the children. Children name figures and objects. Then, according to the instructions of the teacher, they select cards with images of objects of the desired shape for their geometric samples. The teacher helps children correctly name the shape of objects (round, oval, square, rectangular).
4. “What types of figures are there?”
Purpose of the game: to introduce children to new shapes: oval, rectangle, triangle, pairing them with already familiar ones: square-triangle, square-rectangle, circle-oval.
Equipment: Doll. Demonstration: large cardboard figures: square, triangle, rectangle, oval, circle. Handout: 2 pieces of each smaller shape.
Progress of the game: The doll brings the pieces. The teacher shows the children a square and a triangle and asks what the first figure is called. Having received an answer, he says that there is a triangle in the other hand. The examination is carried out by tracing the contour with a finger. Draws attention to the fact that a triangle has only three angles. Invites children to pick up triangles and put them together. Similarly: a square with a rectangle, an oval with a circle.
5. “Let’s decorate the mittens.”
Purpose of the game: learn to select shapes that correspond to the contours on the mittens and apply them to the contour. Create the same pattern on the second mitten, assign the name of geometric shapes and colors. Activate children's speech in pronouncing the location of the figures (below, above, next to, near, between, etc.) Form an understanding of the right and left mittens.
6. “Find the same ring”
Progress of the game: Children sit at the table. The teacher removes the rings from one pyramid and places them on the windowsill, tables, and closet. Then he gives the children one ring from the paired turret and asks them to find the same rings.
The teacher observes the children, helping them in difficult cases. Having picked up a paired ring, the children sit at the table and explain where they found it.
When everyone is seated, the teacher asks first to give him a couple of the largest rings. Those who have the largest rings string them onto the rods of both pyramids.
The next pairs of rings are strung in the same order. And so on until both pyramids are collected.
7. "Stream"
Equipment: On the floor there are two long parallel ropes. The distance between the ropes is 40 cm.
The teacher invites the children to imagine that it is a stream. The guys must jump over it without getting their feet wet. Whoever stumbles and falls into the water will no longer be able to jump; he will sit on the grass (on the carpet) and dry his feet in the sun.
The children come to the stream and jump over it.
When all the children have jumped over, the teacher continues: “It’s very rare for a stream to be so smooth. In fact, it bends - in one place it becomes wider (spreads the ropes apart, and in another - narrower (moves them a little). This is what the stream has become. Where it is narrow, it is easy to jump, and where it is wide, it is difficult. And in this place the stream It has become small, pebbles are visible at the bottom." The teacher draws them with chalk on the floor and shows how to get over them. The children climb over the pebbles.
“Now let’s try to cross here,” the teacher points to a wide place in the stream. “The stream is deep, we’ll have to build a bridge.” He places a bench across the stream. All the children cross the stream on the bench.
Finishing the game, the teacher asks the children to tell how they crossed the stream in a wide (or narrow) place. If a child finds an original solution, be sure to encourage him and tell other children about it.
8. "Bubble"
Children and their teacher form a circle. Everyone says together: “Blow up, bubble, blow up big, stay like that, but don’t burst.”
Then they begin to move back and hold hands until the teacher says: “Burst, bubble!”
At a signal, the children release their hands and, squatting, say: “Clap.”
After which the guys again hold hands and move to the center of the circle, saying: “Sh-sh-sh.” The bubble deflates.
Try to comment on what is happening with your children: “The bubble first inflated, increased, and then burst and decreased.”
The game is repeated 2-3 times.
9. "Harvest"
Purpose of the game: to develop children’s ability to compare two objects by size, to activate the words “big, small” in children’s speech.
Progress of the game. The teacher says that the bunny has grown a very large crop, now it needs to be harvested. We look at what has grown in the beds (beets, carrots, cabbage). Let's clarify what we will use to collect vegetables. The teacher asks: “What is the size of this basket? What vegetables should we put in it?” At the end of the game, we generalize that the large basket contains large vegetables, and the small basket contains small ones.
10. “Bridges for bunnies”
Purpose of the game: to develop children’s ability to compare two objects by size, to activate the words “big, small, long, short” in children’s speech.
Progress of the game: The teacher says: “Once upon a time there were two bunnies in the forest and they decided to make bridges for themselves to a clearing. They found the tablets, but they just couldn’t figure out who should take which tablet. Look, are the bunnies the same size or different? How are the planks different? Place them side by side and see which one is longer and which one is shorter. Run your fingers along the boards. Which tablet will you give to the big bunny? Which one for the little one? Let's plant Christmas trees near the bridges. How tall is this Christmas tree? Where do we put her? What kind of Christmas tree will we plant near the short bridge? The bunnies are very glad that you helped them."
