Excursion progress
The teacher draws the children's attention to the kindergarten . It's two stories high. The kindergarten is very large . It has 2 main entrances. in the kindergarten . This is because there are many groups and different rooms . The teacher shows the children the windows of their group .
Around the building there are flower beds with beautiful and bright flowers. There are many large trees in the garden In summer they protect children from the sun.
On the territory of the kindergarten there are many areas with various buildings: sandboxes, houses, cars, ships, buses, swings, benches and benches. Adults did all this for children because they love children and care about them. Everything made by human hands must be protected.
Together with the children, the teacher examines the plants on the site, flower beds, and a vegetable garden. He asks the children why there are so many trees and bushes here. It reminds me that all this was planted by adults to make the site beautiful, that they took care of the children.
The teacher explains that there are a lot of kindergartens , in each kindergarten adults plant many different plants, and our streets become very beautiful.
The teacher invites the children to remember the name of the street on which the kindergarten . He asks what plants are planted there and asks to name them.
1. On what street is our kindergarten ?
2. What did you see on the way to the site?
3. What grows on our site?
4. What was built on the site?
5. Why is it forbidden to destroy buildings or tear up plants?
Improvement of the territory of the kindergarten It is not without reason that the kindergarten is called the second home for preschool children. Here kids spend most of their day, here they develop, communicate,...
Summary of the didactic game “Who works in kindergarten?” (name of professions of kindergarten workers) (junior group) Goal: to deepen and clarify children’s ideas about kindergarten. To consolidate knowledge of the names of professions of kindergarten employees. Bring up.
Abstract of the educational activity “Acquaintance with the premises of the kindergarten (music and physical education hall)” (junior group) Purpose: to teach children to navigate some of the premises of the kindergarten (music hall, physical education hall). Cultivate kindness.
Summary of the excursion “Journey through the kindergarten” for children of primary preschool age 3-4 years
Summary of the excursion “A Journey through Kindergarten”
for children of primary preschool age 3-4 years old
Develop interest in the work of adults.
Educational:
Strengthen children's knowledge about the workplace of preschool employees. Teach children to formulate a question.
Developmental
: Develop active verbal communication skills, teach children to value the work and care of adults, apply the acquired knowledge in productive and other activities.
Educational
: To instill in children a respectful attitude towards kindergarten staff and their work.
Conversation with children “Who takes care of us?”, looking at illustrations of “Professions”, an evening of riddles and guesses.
Plan for employees to talk about their activities.
What kind of work does it do?
What kind of headdress does he wear?
Tools he uses?
Course of the excursion (in a group):
Educator:
You know that many adults work in kindergarten. They take care of you, try to make you feel good, happy and comfortable. And our first and most important assistant is the junior teacher. What's his name? What is she doing? (Children's answers.) The junior teacher's story about his activities (according to the proposed plan).
Educator:
What are the names of your teachers? What are they doing? (Children's answers). The teacher's story about his activities.
Educator:
Do you want to meet and find out who else works in kindergarten? Let's go on a trip. What will we go on? (Children's suggestions).
By train. Take your seats in the carriages. (Here our train is moving, the wheels are knocking.....)
Educator:
The very first office is an office in which adults in white coats work. “Who works here?” (Children's answers).
Educator:
That's right - a doctor and a nurse. Shall we meet them? And now I’ll ask the adults: “What’s your name?” (Answers from adults)
Educator:
Ask, Dasha. (What is your name?) (Answers from adults).
Educator:
Tell us about your profession. Adults talk about their activities. Thank you very much. And the guys and I will move on. Take your seats in the carriages. The journey continues.
Educator:
What kind of office is this? Look, there are also adults in white coats here. Maybe this is also a medical office? (Children's answers).
Educator:
Correctly called FOOTER BLOCK. There are many rooms here. Before entering, we need to put on overalls. (We put on aprons, scarves, and caps for children). How many adults work? (A lot of). What is the name of the profession of these adults? (Children's answers). What do you want to know from chefs? (Children's questions)
Educator:
Thank you very much. And we continue our journey. Zinaida Romanovna meets us. What is she doing? (Children's answers). Name the laundry assistants. (Iron...) The washerwoman’s story about her activities.
Educator:
Thank you very much. And we need to return to the group. How can you quickly get to the group? (By plane). Take your seats. We start the engine. Let's fly.
Educator:
Did you enjoy traveling? Do you want to know who works in kindergarten? Next time we will find out who is the most important person in our kindergarten and what he does.
Types of excursions with preschool children
Depending on the objects of visit, various types of excursions to preschool educational institutions can be distinguished.
Nature excursion
The nature excursion is aimed at introducing preschoolers to the natural world and gaining them an understanding of its various objects. Such events usually pose specific tasks for children. Here are some examples:
- introduce you to the first spring thawed patches,
- look at the grass emerging from the ground,
- examine the icicles, analyze their color, size, structure,
- find out what insects live in the meadow,
- collect cones, distinguishing pine from spruce,
- see a real stream.
However, every walk into nature gives the children a lot of impressions and questions to think about that were not included in the plan.
A nature excursion, as a rule, has a certain structure:
- introductory talk,
- joint observation of natural objects with the teacher,
- independent observation of preschoolers,
- collection of natural materials (depending on the time of year),
- game actions with collected material,
- summing up the excursion.
Nature excursions solve a specific problem, for example, studying the structure of a tree
The knowledge acquired during the natural history excursion must subsequently be consolidated in group classes and in didactic games. As for the collected material, it is placed in a corner of nature: flowers are placed in vases, plants can be planted in pots, cones, chestnuts and acorns are placed in containers (later they can be used to create crafts).
The advantage of a nature excursion is that it introduces preschoolers to natural objects in their natural setting. Such walks develop the desire to explore the world around us, instill in children aesthetic feelings, the ability to see and cherish the beauty of nature.
Specific routes of a nature excursion are walks around the territory of a kindergarten (mainly in early preschool age), targeted walks around one’s hometown or village (when the emphasis is placed specifically on the surrounding nature), a trip to a nearby park, square, meadow, field or pond. (river, pond, lake).
Gradually, from various excursions, the child develops a holistic image of the nature of his native land, Little Motherland.
An ecological excursion as a type of natural history excursion is aimed at establishing various kinds of connections in the natural world:
- between the organs of living beings (plants and animals) and the functions they perform,
- between the characteristics of the lifestyle of organisms and the environment where they live,
- between different organisms within the same ecosystem.
An excursion to agricultural facilities allows the children to get an idea of human labor. These are walks in the field during the period of plowing, sowing, harvesting, visiting a meadow while harvesting hay or grazing livestock, an agricultural farm, a greenhouse, a greenhouse, a zoo (where a person cares for animals). Visiting such objects demonstrates to preschoolers how a person can influence nature, grows a wide variety of plants and animals, uses machines, and is responsible for their work.
Photo gallery: options for nature excursions with preschoolers
An excursion to the greenhouse will show the children how adults grow crops
The children will learn that a body of water is a whole world with its inhabitants.
How great it is to go to a green meadow in warm weather!
An excursion to the autumn forest allows children to reinforce the signs of autumn
Visiting museums and monuments
Museum excursions introduce preschoolers to the world of cultural values, as well as the history of their native land. They contribute to the formation of artistic taste, because the children not only perceive the beauty of works of art, but give them an aesthetic assessment (we are talking, first of all, about art history excursions).
Museum pedagogy introduces children to the beauty of folk life. By the way, Russian hut museums are being created in many preschool institutions. This is very useful for instilling patriotism and reverent attitude towards the culture of their people in preschoolers. Visits to folk craft museums are always interesting (after all, the children touch on this topic in their fine arts classes in kindergarten).
In order for the world of museum exhibits to become accessible and meaningful for a child, preschool teachers must work closely with museum workers. This will allow the children to understand such complex topics as, for example, the history of the Great Patriotic War. Excursions to historical monuments and memorials help instill in children patriotic feelings and interest in the military past of their native land.
Photo gallery: preschoolers on a museum excursion and at memorable places
How nice it is to immerse yourself in the atmosphere of an old Russian hut
An art excursion instills in children aesthetic feelings and the ability to appreciate beauty.
The theme of a museum excursion can be very different, including introducing children to the history of sports
Many excursions are aimed at understanding the military historical past of their homeland
A visit to the local history museum gives children the opportunity to better learn the history of their native land
Excursion to production with preschoolers
In the senior preschool level, field trips can be organized. This develops children's interest in different professions and fosters a respectful attitude towards the work of workers in factories, factories and other institutions.
For example, having visited a toy factory, children will get acquainted with professions unknown to them and find out what contribution they make to the process of creating a doll. These are designers and technologists, seamstresses and artists, assemblers and packers, etc. - about 100 items in total. Preschoolers will see not only the production process itself, but also learn how product quality is achieved. And the story that the manufacturer is responsible for this important indicator will give young excursionists the opportunity to understand what social responsibility is.
Of course, most of all the children like visiting enterprises that produce products that interest them - candy and ice cream, toys and Christmas tree decorations. However, you should not limit the range of routes to just this. Preschoolers will be happy to go to both a paper factory and a furniture factory if the teacher creates the appropriate motivation for them (for example, after the trip, design toy furniture in a group).
Field trips are also very important from a patriotic point of view: children begin to be proud of their city and country. After all, some factories were still operating during the Great Patriotic War, people were thinking about how to help their people. Visits to modern young enterprises instill in children an interest in various professions and a desire to study well in order to work in their native region in the future.
Video: factory tour for preschoolers
Excursion to the library
Kindergartens traditionally cooperate with libraries. The purpose of such interaction is to awaken in children an interest in reading, learning new information, and revealing their preferences. Excursions to the “house of books” are usually carried out with children of older preschool age (5–7 years old).
Typically, librarians use non-standard scenarios for such meetings: they organize quizzes, round tables, presentations, mini-performances with the participation of fairy-tale characters. As a result of such events, most preschoolers express a desire to come to the library again with their parents and sign up to take books home.
You can find a lot of useful information in the library
Before each excursion, the teacher talks with the children about the culture of behavior in the library: you can only talk here in a whisper, listen carefully to the librarian, and handle books very carefully.
To get children even more interested in visiting the library, the teacher thinks through the motivation: for example, he says that he really wanted to read one book to them, but it is not in the group and it is not sold in the store. And the library has just such a publication.
Also, to maintain interest in the “house of books”, it is useful to conduct a survey among parents (to find out whether they read books to their children, whether they take into account the child’s opinion when buying a new publication), organize family competitions for the production of “baby books” as a gift for pupils of younger groups .
Video: During an excursion to the library, preschoolers are entertained by a game character
Tour of the kindergarten
Perhaps the very first excursion that is offered to preschoolers (usually pupils of the second junior group) is a trip around their kindergarten. This walk teaches children how to navigate indoors, introduces them to the structural divisions of the institution, and fosters a kind attitude towards employees and respect for their work.
Usually, children are shown the kitchen, the medical office, and the laundry room (you can also look briefly into the manager’s office). In the kitchen, preschoolers' attention is drawn to delicious smells; the children examine the various attributes of a cook (cookware, oven, stoves, meat grinder, scales for weighing food, etc.). The teacher and the children always thank the staff for the delicious food they prepare for them every day.
In the medical office, children get acquainted with the work of a nurse. She shows them various instruments, medicines, weighing and height measuring devices. You can also teach the children how to properly treat a wound.
To interest preschoolers in traveling around the kindergarten, the teacher thinks through appropriate motivation, for example, showing a letter from employees who invite children to visit. Before visiting the nurse’s office, you can read the poem “Vaccination” by S. Mikhalkov to the children and organize a role-playing game “Hospital” with them.
Photo gallery: preschoolers visiting kindergarten staff
During an excursion to the kitchen, students get acquainted with the peculiarities of the work of a cook.
It turns out there are a lot of interesting things in the medical office
Kids will learn that the work of a washerwoman is very important.
School excursion
The preparatory group often organizes excursions to school. After all, the guys, of course, strive to learn more about the life of a student ahead of them. Children get acquainted with the teaching profession, which is so important for society, explore the internal structure of the school, and learn how to behave in this institution. Preschoolers strive to become adults as soon as possible, so they will probably be delighted by the teacher’s offer to sit down at school desks.
Sitting at school desks, preschoolers can feel like real students
On the eve of visiting school, the teacher offers the children pictures on this topic to look at, shows them a briefcase of various stationery, and tells interesting incidents from his school life.
Other excursion options
The teacher can organize other interesting excursions for his students. This could be a visit to the post office (where children will see how parcels are sorted and stored), a fire station (the children will learn the structure of a fire truck and will be able to try on the attributes of a firefighter), a supermarket (as an option for an economic education lesson), a walk to a nearby intersection (in order to consolidate traffic rules) or simply traveling through neighboring streets for a specific purpose (for example, talking about the history of buildings).
The children will learn that they can send a package at the post office and subscribe to a newspaper or magazine
Plan-Consect Tour of the kindergarten “Who takes care of us?” (Junior group)
Municipal preschool educational institution
"Kindergarten No. 104" of the city of Yaroslavl
Tour of the kindergarten “Who cares about us?”
Educator Goruleva E.N.
1.
Develop knowledge about your kindergarten, the ability to navigate some of the premises of the preschool institution; cultivate a friendly attitude, respect for preschool employees, neatness, and careful handling of objects;
2. Expand children’s understanding of the adult world and awaken interest in their professional activities. Recognize and call kindergarten employees by name and patronymic;
3. To develop respect for the work of kindergarten employees (teacher, assistant teacher, cook, nurse, wardrobe maid, carpenter);
4. Enrich your vocabulary with verbs: teach, study, cook, fry, bake, wash, treat, cook, sew, wash, iron, care, repair, plan, saw, etc.)
Planned results for the development of integrative qualities of children:
answer the teacher’s questions, participate in conversations during a tour of the kindergarten, get acquainted with some professions, and have the simplest skills of organized behavior in kindergarten.
Materials and equipment:
letter inviting you to a tour of the kindergarten.
Conversations about professions using visual aids;
Role-playing games: “Kindergarten”, “Family”, “Hospital”;
Reading fiction: “All works are good”, “I’m going to kindergarten”, etc.
Telling your parents about your place of work.
Contents of organized children's activities
The teacher reads to the children a letter from the kindergarten staff, who invite them to a tour of the kindergarten, reminds the children how to behave when visiting (modestly, do not shout, politely greet the owners, thank them for the invitation, etc.). Offers to go on a journey through the kindergarten.
Journey through the kindergarten:
We will begin our journey with our group. Which child will correctly say who I work for? ( Educator
).
What do I (the teacher) do throughout the day? ( Children's answers
).
That's right: meets, feeds, clothes, teaches, educates, helps, cares, plays, reads, conducts classes, holds holidays.
What kind of teacher ( Caring, kind, smart, attentive, loving
)
Poems about the teacher
Mom goes to work. And dad has a lot to do. So we need someone to look after us!
Who will feed us porridge from a spoon, Who will read us a fairy tale, Who will put on our boots, Who knows poems and songs?
Who will make peace, who will tell me, Well, of course, the teacher!
Profession teacher assistant (nanny)
Let's now see who else cares about us in our group? ( Teacher's assistant, nanny) (Children say name)
What does a teacher's assistant do? ( Children's answers
)
Washes the dishes, the floor, wipes the dust, helps with dressing, brings breakfast, lunch and dinner from the kitchen, takes care. What kind of nanny do we have? ( Kind, caring, hardworking)
Poems about a teacher's assistant
A good word is “helper”: Helps to assemble the toys, Helps the kids undress, Quietly puts them to bed.
From clear dawn until dark, she is in our kindergarten. Who will bring us lunch and tidy up the dishes? Our group is no more beautiful. Clean and bright all around! Maybe our nanny has not two, but ten hands?
Now let's start our journey through the kindergarten.
Look, this is our wardrobe maid's office. Do you see the sign?
Our housekeeper's name is Galina Vasilievna. What is she doing?
There is a sewing machine by the window, which means she is sewing. And here is the ironing board and iron. Why is this necessary? ( Children's answers
).
Galina Vasilievna irons bed linen, aprons, bathrobes, tablecloths, stores and issues clothes, keeps records of linen, and is responsible for washing and cleaning them. What kind of lady do we have? ( Thrifty, clean, hardworking, responsible, skillful, caring).
How can you help her? (Wash your hands after a walk to avoid staining your towels).
Let's look into another room. Here we see a large bathtub and washing machines. Why is this necessary? ( Children's answers
).
The specifics of excursions as one of the forms of cognitive activity in preschool educational institutions
An excursion is a special form of educational activity in a preschool institution, which has its own important features of form and content.
Classification of excursions conducted with kindergarten students
Excursions conducted with preschoolers can be classified according to a number of criteria.
- By content. These are natural history studies and visits to social facilities (in order to familiarize themselves with the work of adults and the sights of their native land). In addition, there are sightseeing and thematic excursions: military-historical and industrial, art history and visits to unique natural monuments.
- According to the form of conduct. There is a distinction between educational and pleasure excursions. In the first case, geographical material from the native land is used to study a specific topic as part of classes to familiarize oneself with the environment. Walking excursions are usually nature excursions, combined with recreation in the fresh air (on the territory of a preschool educational institution, a nearby public garden or park), with a lot of time devoted to children’s independent communication with natural objects.
- According to the composition of participants. Before holding an event, the teacher should consider how many children it would be advisable to involve in a particular excursion. Moreover, the younger the students, the smaller the team should be.
- According to the venue. These are city, country, museum, and also correspondence (virtual, using video) excursions.
- According to the nature of movement. Excursions can be walking, transport, or combined. The pedestrian option allows preschoolers to explore objects more deeply and feel like full participants in events. The chosen path should be 2–5 km (depending on the age group of the children). The time spent on the road by pupils of the middle group does not exceed 30 minutes, respectively, in senior preschool age - no more than 40–50 minutes. Of course, weather conditions and road features must be taken into account.
Walking tours promote deeper immersion into the research environment
Purposes of excursions to preschool educational institutions
An excursion as a special form of educational activity solves three groups of problems.
- Educational. Preschoolers receive specific new knowledge on a specific topic, expanding their horizons.
- Developmental. All types of excursions improve mental operations (analysis, synthesis, ability to generalize, classify, establish cause-and-effect relationships, etc.), and also develop the child’s attention, observation (mental activity is focused on a specific object), sensory abilities, and imagination.
- Educational. This type of activity contributes to the formation of moral, patriotic and aesthetic feelings in preschool students, and develops emotional responsiveness.
During an excursion, preschoolers’ interest is focused on a specific object, which contributes to the development of attention
Current pedagogical techniques
During the excursion, the kindergarten teacher uses special teaching techniques and methods.
The excursion is lively and exciting; the teacher should avoid formal teaching. Children should acquire knowledge naturally, without even realizing it. In contrast to the traditional form of classes, the teacher replaces the democratic style of communication with a softer and more trusting one. After all, for example, if you make a sharp remark to a child in nature, or call out to him loudly, then the special emotional, created as a result of communication with the living world, will immediately be destroyed.
During the excursion, the teacher’s style of communication with children should be more sincere and gentle
The content of the excursion must correspond to the age and interests of the children. The number of objects on which attention is focused should be limited. So, in the younger group, on a nature excursion, it is worth focusing on only one thing, for example, in the spring, looking at the first grass making its way out of the ground. In middle preschool age, on a similar walk, attention is drawn to the grass, and to the swollen buds of trees and bushes, and to thawed patches. Pupils of older preschool age can be given a research task: find all the signs of spring in a park or area and then reflect them in a drawing.
The information should not be generally known (the children will be bored), but also not completely divorced from children's knowledge. When perceiving information and impressions, the teacher carefully monitors the reaction of preschoolers in order to avoid overwork. We can recommend these ways to maintain attention.
- Jokes. This could be a funny quatrain. You can remember a funny episode from a cartoon.
- Elements of ritual (relevant for excursions on a military-historical theme, but can also be used in natural history). For example, at a memorial dedicated to the events of the Great Patriotic War, the teacher suggests organizing a solemn minute of silence. Or when entering the forest, the guys say magic words so that he will reveal his secrets to them.
- Change of activity (after examining the monument, the teacher asks the pupils of the preparatory group to read the inscription on the memorial plaque; in the park, after contemplating the beauty of nature, he asks the children to compare the shape of pine and spruce needles).
The teacher always prepares for such an important event in advance, including thinking through the speech forms that will be used. Questions should be outlined that will encourage children to consider the object, compare it with others, and make connections.
The initial image on the excursion creates a sensory perception. The teacher attaches a word to it, that is, fills it with specific content. Thus, when receiving impressions, the pupils’ vocabulary is also enriched.
The teacher must take into account that if all the child’s senses are involved in the research process, then his knowledge will be more durable. Therefore, the children not only look at the objects being studied and listen to the teacher’s story about them, but also, if possible, touch them with their hands (tactile exploration).
It is very important to consolidate the acquired knowledge and impressions in preschoolers within two to three days after the excursion. This could be drawing, looking at photographs, talking or playing a didactic game on a topic. For example, after an excursion to the autumn park, the children can be offered the didactic game “Whose branch are the children from”: establish a correspondence between a leaf of a tree and its fruits (oak - acorn, birch - “earrings” and a spruce branch - pine cone, etc.) At the same time The material can be in the form of pictures, but it is better if it is natural. After an excursion to some enterprise, you should develop a professional topic and hold a round table on the topic “Where do my parents work,” where preschoolers discuss the advantages and difficulties of different professions. After visiting the library, a good idea is to hold a presentation of your favorite book, where each child will talk about their preferences in literature.
Of course, the excursion itself is a very exciting activity, which usually brings joy to preschoolers. However, it never hurts to create additional motivation for the guys. On the eve of the event, the teacher can announce to the children that after visiting a park, museum, library or other place, a story or drawing competition will be held on the topic of the excursion.
Organizational aspects
Of course, organizing an excursion is more difficult than a traditional group lesson. Its success depends on the training of the teacher and children. The teacher thinks through all the aspects of the event in advance (including the time spent on the road), decides whether to take an assistant with him (nanny, methodologist, another teacher, one of the parents). He also inspects the excursion site in advance and, if necessary, prepares equipment (for example, baskets for visiting the park, sketchbooks). It is good to involve the children in preparing the necessary equipment (for example, making the same cardboard baskets) - this will help to arouse interest in the upcoming event.
The correctly chosen path to the object of observation is also important: it should not be tedious and distract the children from the planned goal.
When preparing for the upcoming excursion, the teacher informs preschoolers in advance where they will go and why. It is also necessary to discuss with children the issues of behavior in an unfamiliar place.
The teacher also pays attention to the pupils’ clothing - it must correspond to the time of year and weather.
If the excursion includes a trip by transport, then the teacher and administration of the preschool educational institution must prepare in advance all the relevant documents (order, safety briefing, list of preschoolers, etc.).
Features of excursions in different age groups
Each age group has its own characteristics of excursions. For example, in early preschool age such events are held only inside the kindergarten (familiarization with its internal structure and excursions around the site), and only from the second half of the year short visits to a nearby park or meadow are planned.
In the second younger group, excursions are practiced within the territory of the kindergarten
In the middle and senior preschool levels, a variety of natural history excursions and visits to social facilities of the native land are practiced. It is optimal to carry out this work monthly.
The number of children taking part in the excursion again depends on their age: the younger the children, the smaller their team should be. Thus, in the junior preschool level, it is advisable to carry out activities with a subgroup of 6–12 people with approximately the same level of development.
As for the methods of conducting excursions, when working with children they are mainly of a visual and effective nature. At an older age, more attention is paid to the information conveyed to children.
Starting from the middle group, the teacher must analyze the excursion after its completion. The guys sum up the results of cognitive activity (as for the middle group, the teacher helps the children with this) and give it an emotional assessment.
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