Playing with a ball for preschoolers is an important factor in a child’s development

Tasks set during classes

In outdoor games with a ball, preschoolers acquire the necessary skills and abilities. Children learn to clearly and calmly perform the exercises given by the teacher. Develops manual dexterity and improves physical fitness.

№	Action	Skills children need to acquire
1	Pushing and rolling	vigorous pushing with hands, rolling between objects
2	Catching	catching with hands without pressing to the chest; catching with subsequent passing to each other
3	Reception	reception with both hands at the same time
4	Throwing and passing	two-handed throws throws to a clearly defined location transmission from the chest, from behind the head, from below
5	Batting	vigorous beating with hands

The children also get acquainted with the properties of the ball itself: volume, shape, dynamics. Training must be done with both large and small balls.

Ball exercises for preschool children

About the meaning of the ball.

The ball is a convenient, dynamic toy that occupies a special place in the development of hand actions. The first games with a ball are invaluable in their significance for the health, emotional sufficiency, physical and intellectual development of a small child. Throughout preschool childhood, playing with a ball becomes more complex and, as it were, “grows” with the child, making up the great joy of childhood.

Ball games develop the eye, coordination, ingenuity, and promote general motor activity. For a child, a ball is a hobby from the first years of life. The child does not just play with the ball, but varies it: picks it up, carries it, puts it down, throws it, rolls it, etc., which develops him emotionally and physically. Playing with a ball is also important for the development of a baby's hand.

Movements of the fingers and hands are of particular importance for the development of a child's brain functions. And the more diverse they are, the more “motor signals” enter the brain, the more intense the accumulation of information, and therefore the intellectual development of the child.

Hand movements also contribute to the child's speech development. Modern scientific data confirm these provisions: the areas of the cerebral cortex “responsible” for the articulation of the speech organs and fine motor skills of the fingers are located in the same innervation field, i.e. close proximity to each other. Consequently, nerve impulses from moving hands going to the cerebral cortex stimulate nearby speech zones, increasing their activity. Children, getting acquainted with the properties of the ball, performing various actions (throwing, rolling, running after the ball, etc.), receive a load on all muscle groups (torso, abdominals, legs, arms, hands), and their entire body is activated. Even a seemingly ordinary throwing of a ball up causes the need to straighten, which has a beneficial effect on the child’s posture. We can say that playing with a ball is a special complex gymnastics: the ability to grasp, hold, and move the ball while walking, running or jumping develops.

Games and exercises with the ball develop orientation in space, regulate the strength and accuracy of the throw, develop the eye, dexterity, and speed of reaction; normalize the emotional-volitional sphere, which is especially important for both sedentary and hyperexcitable children. Ball games develop muscle strength, strengthen the functioning of the most important organs of the body - lungs, heart, and improve metabolism.

One can only be surprised to notice what variety of impressions and actions an ordinary ball can give a child! The simplest actions, in our adult opinion, actually turn out to be extremely useful. They develop observation, concentration, feelings, movement and even thinking. And often, the baby independently notices and looks for various secrets and surprises. And this is precisely the independence and strong-willed activity so desired by parents.

ball games on land and water. They actually have invaluable and very, very broad developmental capabilities! Keep your baby company! Play with pleasure, remember the games and fun from your childhood, and you will have fun!

Recommendations for parents

How to choose a ball

The ball should be comfortable and not make the baby cry from feeling awkward!

Jumping ability. Not only rubber balls can be bouncy, but also well-stuffed woolen ones. A “non-bouncy” ball can be a “rolling ball”. For example, glass beads are good precisely because they are “non-jumping”! For home games of bouncy balls, only well-stuffed woolen ones are suitable. On the street, the quality of jumping becomes especially important - a “non-bouncing” ball seems lifeless.

Heaviness/lightness. For a child who has just begun to walk, a heavy soccer ball simply cannot be a toy due to its weight and large size. But for older preschoolers, showing their dexterity with a variety of balls is a real pleasure. It is very important for a child to learn to balance the force of the blow with the weight of the ball. This gives good experience in managing oneself and predicting the outcome at a very early age. Observe how differently your baby handles a large rubber ball and a light inflatable one.

Color . Despite the fact that children pay attention to bright colors, you should not stuff your kids with caustic, flashy aniline dyes. The color perception of the eye develops better in the rich, open colors of the rainbow, their variants and shades in pastel tones.

Surface quality. Very important for tactile perception. The more natural materials there are, the richer the child’s in working with them, in complex perception of their properties, etc. Embossed knitted surface, cotton fabrics or cloth, glass (if it does not break), rubber, wood, bone, birch bark weaving, vines, etc.

Coloring . Pay attention to whether the ball is shedding! Is the paint peeling off or peeling off? This may be dangerous for the child .

Minimum set of balls.

Kids need: 1 small rubber ball, 1-2 soft balls for playing indoors and 1 bouncy ball for playing outside.

At home and on the street.

At home, it is better to use soft balls for playing - rag, knitted, felted, balls of thread with a fixed tip, balloons, table tennis balls, etc., and large gymnastic balls. The indisputable advantage of “soft” balls is their safety when playing indoors. Neither the furnishings nor the windows, not to mention the players themselves, will be harmed. A large basket in the children's corner is suitable for storing “indoor balls”.

Street balls should be stored separately at the front door in the same basket, box or container (rubber balls of different sizes, footballs, basketballs and other sports balls).

Games to help understand a child's experiences.

“I’m afraid, I’m angry, I love...” When throwing the ball to each other, quickly name the first thing that comes to mind, continuing the sentences: - I'm afraid..., I love... The parent also participates in naming and thereby shows the child that he also has different feelings, including negative ones , which helps the child accept his own feelings. "Who am I?". Without showing each other until the end of the work, answer the questions: for a child: What animal are you like in character? What is your mother like? What animal do you think your mother imagines you to be? For mom, the questions are similar. You can come up with questions yourself. The goal is to understand how I see myself and how others see me.

The game “Who is doing what?”

Game "Hot - Cold"

About the meaning of the ball.

Recommendations for parents

Ball exercises for preschool children

The simplest and most exciting exercise for a child with a ball, which develops dexterity and speed of reaction, is “hitting” the ball against a wall or floor. For them you need to use a small light ball up to 20cm in diameter.

When teaching your child to perform the “hitting the wall” exercise with a ball, place the child a meter from the wall. Let him first just try to catch the ball bouncing off the wall. If the child is good at this, the exercise can be complicated. Now the ball needs to be caught when it hits the floor after touching the wall.

Then have your child try to hit the ball without grabbing it. Just first show your baby how to push the ball correctly. To begin with, you can do this with both hands, as when playing volleyball.

To make exercises with the ball more difficult, ask your child to push the ball with one hand, like in basketball. At the same time, it is important to teach the child to hit the ball alternately with his right and left hands (although for children, of course, it is more convenient to do this with the “leading” hand).

To teach a child not to move when performing this rather complex exercise with a ball, you can draw a line with chalk around the legs of a small athlete and agree that the child will try not to step over it.

As for simpler exercises with the ball, throwing the ball up is also good for developing coordination and dexterity. Performing this exercise does not require special training or special conditions. The child is placed in a stable position, feet shoulder-width apart. The kid throws the ball as high as possible and tries to catch it.

Teach your child to play with the ball: 1. Hit the ball on the ground without interruption at least ten times with each hand, alternately with both hands, passing it under the foot; 2. Hit the ball off the wall continuously, holding your hands in different positions, jump over the ball and catch it from behind; 3. Remember the “dodgeball” games you knew from childhood, use the ball game to develop your child’s speech and thinking. Let him, hitting the ball on the ground, say: “I know five names of girls (boys, names of trees, types of transport, sports games and anything else that comes to your mind).” When playing “Standr”, agree to catch only certain seasons, months, days of the week, names of birds or dishes, furniture or flowers, anything that has a tail or handle, etc.

4. Ask them to throw the ball in the air, then clap their hands and catch it.

In modern apartments, opportunities for playing ball are very limited, but parents can still offer some fun ball games. These games can be played indoors, using everything that is at hand: toys, paper balls, skittles, empty plastic bottles, ropes, balls of different sizes, stools, chairs, etc.

Exercises using these objects specify movement, develop dexterity, dexterity, and concentration.

It is advisable to have one or two large balls with a diameter of 15-20 cm, small balls with a diameter of 5-8 cm (for tennis and table tennis, rubber, soft from different materials, sewn by you), paper balls (from crumpled paper), a large inflatable ball - ball.

Accompanying movements with the ball with a poetic text helps make the lesson more understandable, and most importantly, it sets the rhythm of completing the game task.

"RIDE AND CATCH"

Target. Learn to roll the ball in a straight direction, push it away energetically, with effort, and develop the ability to navigate in space.

A child with a ball in his hands approaches the designated place (cord, strip of plaster, colored circle) and performs actions in accordance with the poetic text.

Our cheerful, ringing ball (pushes the ball with both hands)

We'll ride far ( looks where he rolled

Now let's catch up with him. ( Runs after the ball, catches up with it

This is easy for us to do! ( Raises the ball over his head: “I caught it!”)

Depending on the diameter of the ball, the child can roll it with one hand, alternating the right and left hand if the ball is small (5-8 cm in diameter) or with both hands if it is large (18-20 cm in diameter).

Advice for mom. Teach your child to look ahead before he rolls the ball. Do not run after the ball immediately, but wait for the speech signal. Explain that the ball should not be pushed away with a sharp and short movement of the hands, but with a smooth and energetic one (if necessary, do the exercise together, clasping the child’s hands with yours).

"KNITTLE KNOCK"

Target. Develop basic skills of hitting the ball at the target (vigorously pushing the ball in a given direction).

This is a great game for practicing your accuracy and skating skills. If there are no skittles in the house, then empty plastic bottles (water bottles, Rastishki or Imunele) can perfectly replace them. An adult places two or three pins at a distance of 1-1.5 m from the child and gives him a large ball.

The baby, squatting (bending over, legs slightly wider than shoulder-width apart) in the place indicated by his mother (colored circle or cord), rolls the ball forward with both hands, trying to knock down the pins. Then he goes after him, picks him up and returns.

Advice for mom.

Make sure that the child energetically pushes the ball away with both hands, and does not throw it forward and up. Teach him to look forward (at the pins). Praise even if the baby misses the target. Mark with chalk or pieces of plaster on the floor where the pins should be placed, and allow the child to independently put the knocked down objects back in place.

"BALL IN THE TUNNEL"

Target. Develop the ability to push the ball with both hands, learn to estimate the distance between objects.

Option 1. An adult moves one to three stools. Shows how to roll the ball through the “tunnel” (under the stools) by pushing it with both hands. Attention: the diameter of the ball should not be more than half the distance between the legs of the stool. The child will watch with interest as the ball passes through the tunnel.

Option. 2. You will need the help of three or four people: an older brother or sister, grandparents will happily play with the baby. They should stand behind each other with their legs apart. And mom shows how to roll the ball through the resulting tunnel with both hands.

In both versions of the game, the child can run after the rolling ball and bring it back to roll it through the tunnel again. You can ask an adult to stand at the other end of the tunnel to catch the ball and roll it back to the baby. A small child will enjoy not only rolling, but also catching a rolling ball.

Advice for mom. Remind your child that the ball must be pushed with both hands at the same time with force so that it rolls through the tunnel and does not get stuck in it. Teach him to look forward. Praise even if he doesn't make it into the tunnel.

"SNOWFLAKES"

Target. Learn to throw a ball with both hands at a horizontal target located on the floor, develop fine motor skills of the hands.

Before playing (necessarily together with your child), you need to make snowflakes - tear small pieces of white light paper (for example, a napkin). Place a large fluffed pillow on the floor and sprinkle “snowflakes” on top.

A child with a ball in his hands stands at a distance of 0.7-1.5 m from the pillow and tries to throw the ball onto it (with both hands from below). Having hit the target, he is delighted with the snowflakes scattering to the sides. Let him throw the ball until he gets bored. And then he collects snowflakes together with his mother - the baby’s fingers will work hard.

Advice for mom. Do not force your child to perform a particular movement. Don't ask him to repeat the exercise until he can do it correctly. Do not reproach for absent-mindedness, inattention, inability, etc. Don't turn learning into a boring chore. Play when your baby is in a great mood.

"TURRETARY"

Target. Develop basic skills of hitting the ball at the target (vigorously pushing the ball in a given direction).

This game exercise can be offered to a child when he gets bored with playing bowls.

Mom builds a tower out of three or four cubes. The baby, squatting (bent over, legs slightly wider than shoulders) in the place indicated by his mother (colored circle or cord), rolls the ball forward with both hands, trying to knock down the tower located at a distance of 1.5 m from him.

Children, as a rule, are delighted with the cubes flying to the sides (which should not be too heavy).

"Tag with a ball"

In addition to running, an essential element of this game is throwing the ball. The children, as described above, distribute roles among themselves, with the majority fleeing, and one of their midst, nicknamed tag, is supplied with a larger or smaller ball. While the children run in different directions, the tag marks out a victim and tries at all costs to overtake it, staining it with the touch of the ball. The victim changes roles with him, and the game continues until the children have enough desire, and they do not get tired and lose interest in the game they have started.

"My funny ringing ball"

For this game it is important that the ball bounces well. From 4 years old

An adult can show
the child the following version: hit the ball on the floor or wall and catch it with both hands, saying: “Ball, ball, jump!”
It's okay if the ball hits the floor several times before the baby catches it. Gradually by 5-6 years

children will be able to master dribbling the ball, accompanying their shots with a poem by S. Marshak:

My cheerful ringing ball, where did you run off to? Yellow, red, blue, Can't keep up with you. I smacked you with my palm, You jumped and stomped loudly, And then you rolled and didn’t come back. It rolled into the garden, rolled to the gate, rolled under the gate, ran to the turn, got under the wheel there, burst, slammed, that's all.

Children should see this game performed by an adult or older children many times in order to feel the rhythm of the movement.

"Jump with the ball"

Hold the ball between your knees and jump, competing with someone without losing the ball.

"Mini basketball"

A 3-4 year old child can also be offered options for throwing a ball into some container located on the floor or raised a short distance from the floor (basket, box, basin, empty inflatable pool, etc.). Non-bouncy soft balls and wool balls are well suited for this. This game can be easily varied by changing the size of the container and the size of the balls, as well as the height at which the container is placed and the distance from which the child tries to throw the ball. An adult can hold the container in his hands and use it to catch a ball thrown by a child. From the age of 6, children can play independently in pairs. Bouncing balls are also suitable for this version of the game.

«Bullseye"

The game is available to children no earlier than 3.5-4 years old. This game is not yet clear to 3-year-old children, but 4-5-year-olds are quite capable of keeping the location of the ball a secret and waiting for their turn. The adult sits down and, by his example, invites the children to sit down. Everyone sits on the floor or on chairs in a circle. The driver covers his eyes with his palms and puts his head on his knees. The apple ball is passed from hand to hand in front of you, and for 6-year-olds - behind your back, with a song to an arbitrary tune: Roll, roll, little apple, roll, rosy one. You roll, roll, roll into my palms. Now stop! – at this moment the ball stops in someone’s hands. Everyone hides their hands behind their backs. With a song they invite the driver to guess who is hiding the apple: Get up and look, Put the apple back into the game! The driver, walking inside the circle, asks someone to show their hands. Each person asked must show both pens. For younger children, the number of guesses can be unlimited; the one who had the apple becomes the driver. For 6-year-olds, additional rules are introduced: find an apple in 3-2-1 times; If the driver does not guess correctly, then he remains the driver for one more game. School-age children continue to play with pleasure, inventing new rules themselves.

"Edible - inedible"

Game for children from 5 years old. On the ground, a short line indicates the horse where the driver stands, and a long line indicates the starting line for the players. To begin with, the space between them can be marked with lines at intervals of small children's steps (20-25 cm) for ease of movement. To play you need a medium sized ball. The driver stands behind the horse line, and the players play in a line behind the starting line. The driver throws a ball into the hands of each player in turn, naming objects and phenomena of animate and inanimate nature (cloud, birch, cake, crocodile, compote, etc.) The player, having realized while the ball is flying whether it is edible or not, must catch it or not catch (bounce away) the ball. If true, the player takes a step forward, towards the horse. If incorrect, stays in place. The driver throws the ball to the next person. The one who gets to the horse first wins and becomes the leader.

"Catch with a net"

The thrower and catcher stand approximately 15-20 meters apart. The thrower then makes ten throws with the ball. The catcher must try to catch the tennis or rubber ball with a net. The number of successful attempts is counted.

"Ball on the Head"

Competitors place a rubber “donut” on their head with a ball (volleyball or football) on top. With the ball on your head you need to walk or run a certain distance.

Show your imagination and ingenuity, use whatever is at hand for games: chairs, empty plastic bottles, long laces, etc.

Gradually involve your child in more and more new types of games and fun, systematically repeat them so that he consolidates the movements. For children of this age, it is enough for them to learn how to roll a ball into the distance in a given direction, hit the ball on the floor and up, and swing correctly when throwing a small ball into the distance.

Don't forget about the child's age and physical capabilities! Pay attention to the exercises that he performs with joy, without pressure from you. Be soft, kind, affectionate. It's good if you encourage your child with praise; You will be surprised at how dexterous, brave, and fast he is. Let the child demonstrate his skills in front of all family members or peers: this gradually develops self-confidence and the desire to learn further, mastering new, more complex movements and games.

How to choose a ball

The ball should be comfortable and not make the baby cry from feeling awkward!

Coloring . Pay attention to whether the ball is shedding! Is the paint peeling off or peeling off? This may be dangerous for the child .

Minimum set of balls.

Kids need: 1 small rubber ball, 1-2 soft balls for playing indoors and 1 bouncy ball for playing outside.

At home and on the street.

Street balls should be stored separately at the front door in the same basket, box or container (rubber balls of different sizes, footballs, basketballs and other sports balls).

Games to help understand a child's experiences.

General recommendations for working with preschoolers

Preschool workers can use videos from the Internet to compile teaching materials. At home, children do not always have the opportunity to play in the yard with friends. Therefore, in the summer outdoors, the main burden of teaching children to play sports falls on the shoulders of teachers.

Competently compiling a card index will help maintain the interest of preschoolers, while the program should exclude unsafe games.

Children are interested in practicing with sports equipment during walks, so they need to be allowed to independently feel the peculiarities of the behavior of the playing equipment in motion.

Each child should be covered by the attention of the teacher during classes. Appropriate praise coming from an adult will facilitate effortless performance of the exercises.

Proper alternation of intervals of free play and completing tasks will allow you to select the load and not overtire preschoolers.

Ball games for children 2-3 years old in kindergarten should be aimed at actively developing hand motor skills. It is recommended to develop the habituation to the ball gradually, this will allow you to develop confident movements.

Younger preschoolers better perceive exercises in which actions are accompanied by playful comments coming from the teacher:

"the ball wants to play with you"
“Hold the ball tightly so it doesn’t run away.”

You need to talk through what is happening on the site or in the room all the time. Children can get bored with monotony, so the correction of tasks and their change should be under the control of the teacher.

“Ball School”: techniques for working with the ball in different age groups

Lyubov Bondarenko

“Ball School”: techniques for working with the ball in different age groups

Goals:

1. Development of coordination of movements, large, medium and fine motor skills.

2. Development of coordination of vision, motor skills and speech.

3. Creating conditions for the development of individual and collective rhythm in children

The ball is one of the most ancient and beloved toys in the world. Already in antiquity, balls were made of leather and stuffed with something: moss, feathers, fig seeds, hair, sand, etc.

Among ancient people, the ball was often deified, because it was associated with the Sun or Moon, and the arc-shaped trajectory of its flight shone across the sky. Japanese children still welcome spring by carrying small wooden balls outside.

The earliest children's balls in Rus' date back to the 13th century, found during excavations in ancient Novgorod, made from birch bark or rags. There were also soft balls, like pillows, inside which pebbles wrapped in birch bark were sewn. Balls were also cut from burl growths. To impart elasticity, the blank ball was buried in damp soil for one or two weeks, and then resinous.

Why do people love the ball so much? What goals do teachers pursue when organizing ball ?

A child is born with a complex of isolated unconditioned reflexes that do not meet the needs of his mental development without full communication with an adult. At the first stage of its development, the question of the child’s basic trust in the world is resolved. Within communication with an adult, the child develops objective activities that contribute to the formation of an image of the “living”

actions with an object. When a child is in the field of action with an object and is absorbed in it, the adult’s pronunciation merges with the image of the object and forms a single whole with it.

Therefore, the tasks of the entire period of preschool childhood are to create conditions for the child’s active interaction with the objective world. Children's motor skills are objectified, their thinking is visual and figurative . The ball is one of the objects that allows you to solve these problems to the fullest.

In addition, games and tasks with the ball contribute to :

- strengthening the muscles of the shoulder girdle, torso, small muscles of the arms;

- development of large and medium motor skills;

- development of coordination of movements, dexterity, rhythm and accuracy of movements.

Junior preschool age (3-5 years)

There is an active integration into the objective world; children develop eye-foot coordination, then eye-hand coordination. The child actively acts with both hands: he takes a spoon or a pencil in one hand, then in the other - synchronizes the work of the hemispheres . When two hands work (knitting, playing a musical instrument, embroidering), a person becomes more capable. Therefore, all exercises should, if possible, be performed simultaneously with two hands: exercises, rhythm exercises, picking up and throwing a ball, playing with a skipping rope.

The purpose of working with the ball : to acquire your own motor experience, to create conditions for the emergence a “sense of the ball ”

, development of gross motor skills and separation of arms from the body.
Exercises with a ball help the child master his own body and help him orient himself towards himself.
1. Exercises to master the material:

drum the ball slowly at first, then faster;

slap the ball on the sides;

hit the ball on the floor in front of you , on your side, on the other side;

roll a ball down a hill;

Roll the ball over your body while pronouncing your actions;

wipe the ball with a damp cloth or wash it in a basin, etc. etc.

2. Orientation exercises on yourself: press the ball to your chest, to your knees, put your foot on the ball, put the ball on your head, lift the ball above your head, roll the ball around yourself, etc.

3. Exercises to develop gross motor skills and lifting the arms from the body:

roll the ball to the teacher and each other in a sitting and standing position;

roll the ball into the distance and catch it;

sitting in a circle, roll the ball to each other with the words “Masha, catch it.”);

throw and catch a ball from an adult to a child (“say your name”)

;

pass the ball to each other, calling the neighbor’s name (“Masha, on the ball”)

;

hit the ball on the floor (on the ball)

to a simple poem;

throw the ball and catch it (towards the end of the 2nd group )

;

hit the ball on the floor (by the end of the year)

. It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the child does not drop the ball on the floor, but hits it on the floor with force.

4. Exercises for orientation in space relative to an object:

go around the ball, stand behind the ball , on the side of the ball (clarification of the meaning of prepositions)

;

hide the ball along the chair, behind the chair...;

knocking down pins standing at a small distance;

throwing the ball into the basket from a distance of 1 - 2 m;

Pass the ball to each other in a circle. When the teacher claps, change direction.

Middle group (4 - 5 years old)

1. Exercises to master the material:

drum on the ball at a signal from an adult’s hand, quieter - louder (hand lowered - quiet, hand higher - the sound is louder, hand up - loud)

;

hit the ball on the floor in front of you , to your right, to your left;

roll the ball over your body while pronouncing your actions;

wipe the ball with a damp cloth or wash it in a basin, etc. etc.

pass 2 balls to each other in different directions . When the teacher claps, we change direction.

2 Orientation exercises on yourself: press the ball to your chest, to your knees, put your foot on the ball, put the ball on your head, lift the ball above your head, roll the ball around yourself, etc.

3. Exercises to develop gross motor skills and “separation” of the arms from the body:

roll the ball to the teacher and each other in a standing position;

sitting in a circle, roll the ball to each other, pronouncing words on the current topic;

throw and catch the ball to each other;

Throw the ball to each other and bounce it off the floor;

pass the ball to each other, reciting rhythmic poems and rhymes from the current topic;

hit the ball on the floor (on the ball)

a poem, a rhyme, words from the current topic;

throw the ball and catch it (increase height)

;

hit the ball on the floor. It is important to ensure that the child does not drop the ball on the floor, but hits it on the floor with force.

4. Exercises for orientation in space relative to an object:

go around the ball, stand behind the ball , on the side of the ball (clarification of the meaning of prepositions)

;

hide the ball along the chair, behind the chair...;

knocking down pins standing at a distance greater than the diameter of the ball ;

throwing the ball into the basket from a distance of 2.5 - 3 m;

Spin the ball like a top, with each hand in turn in different directions .

Senior group (5-6 years old)

Children begin to play in small groups and complete collective tasks. The formation of collective activities requires the performance of work in a single rhythm . A unified rhythm is needed so that when performing a common task, children are in a single semantic space, see and understand each other. To think and reason in a single rhythm means to see and understand the symbols and signs of another. new tasks appear in the older group children to work in small groups and in pairs in a single rhythm and developing eye-speech-hand coordination.

1. Exercise in pairs:

throwing the ball to each other from a distance of 1.5 - 2 m;

hitting the ball on the floor while reciting a poem, adjusting to each other’s rhythm, 2 to 4 people at a time (only those children who can. If the child has not yet moved away from the individual rhythm, then you cannot insist on a general rhythm).

With one ball : one rolls to the other, the second throws through the air; with two balls : one throws the ball low, the other throws it higher.

orientation on a partner: grab the ball with your right hands; hold the ball with your backs and squat down; hold the ball between your stomachs and lean towards the window; grab the ball with your feet and walk forward, etc.

2. Focus on yourself.

who can move the ball under the knee and not drop it;

while sitting on the floor, lift the ball with both feet;

press between your knees and jump, etc.

3. Exercises for a single rhythm:

hitting the ball on the floor (tossing)

to a simple poem
(for each word - a
ball ) ;

Exercise “One for yourself, two for another”

with general pronunciation
(1 - 2
balls ) ;

Teacher (child)

hits
the ball on the floor , children pull out a finger for each hit (the goal is a single rhythm and maintaining multiple)
;

4. Eye-hand coordination exercises;

Toss-catch, toss-slam-catch, toss - slam-catch twice;

Rotate the ball left (right)

left
(right)
hand;

Spin 2 balls at the same time with both hands.

5.Use of exercises with a weightlifter in FEMP classes:

Hit the ball as many times as in a group of windows , cabinets, as many times as I show fingers, etc.

Hit the ball around, reciting the tasks in verse,

Hit the ball in front, left, right.

6. Using ball in speech development classes:

Hit the ball, pronouncing the poem, for each word or according to the rhythm (you cannot use both options in one lesson,

Hit the ball after hearing a given sound in a stream of sounds, syllables, words.

Preparatory group (6 - 7 years old)

The task of this period is: the ability to build a common context of activity with peers (joint play, collective drawing, construction)

.
By this period, the child should develop a primary picture of the world and develop his own ideas. Children can make correlations between their own “picture of the world”
and the ideas of peers and adults.

All exercises with the ball become more complicated : the number of balls is added, the requirements for the quality of execution increase

1. Exercises for a single rhythm:

hitting the ball on the floor (tossing)

to a poem, a counting rhyme, a simple saying.
Exercise “One for yourself, two for another”
with general pronunciation
(from 1 to 5 balls)
;

exercises are added, carried out in subgroups of 5 , 6, 7 people, and then as a whole group .

in exercises for a single rhythm, maintain the rhythm with the entire subgroup or group ;

“The sea is agitated once”

with hitting
the ball on the floor ; the sea is agitated “two”
we hit the ball twice, etc.

spin the ball like a top

in place and towards each other.

go kicking the ball. When the teacher claps, the direction of movement changes;

Hitting from 2 to 5 balls in a circle with recitation of stiov, counting rhymes, etc.

Children have balls one at a time. Beat off the mchi in a circle while saying stiov, counting rhymes, etc.

Hit or throw the ball by taking steps to the right (left)

in a circle with recitation of poems, rhymes, etc.

Consistently hitting and tossing the ball in a circle with reciting stipulations, rhymes, etc.

2. Using ball in speech development classes.

Hit the ball, pronouncing the poem, for each word or according to the rhythm (you cannot use both options in one lesson,

Hit the ball after hearing a given sound in a stream of sounds, syllables, words.

3. Use of exercises with a weightlifter in FEMP classes

Hit the ball as many times as in a group of windows , cabinets, as many times as I show fingers, etc.

Hitting the ball around, reciting the task in verse,

Hit the ball in front, left, right;

exercise of the form “One for yourself, two for the other”

, counting to 10 and back, naming the days of the week, months, etc.

4. Exercises with a small medicine ball improve fine motor skills, promote the development of mobility and dexterity of the hands.

throwing a ball from hand to hand;

throwing each other in pairs;

exercise with two balls : throw one and catch it with the other hand, transfer the second from hand to hand;

sitting on the floor, pick up the ball by holding it with your feet

throwing at the target (forming a vision and holding the line)

;

the thrower stands at a distance of 3 - 4 m from the target, and the rest of the children - with their right side to the target, their left - to the thrower and watch the flight of the ball .

Exercise technique

When making throws on the floor (road), first of all you need to pay the guys’ attention to the peculiarities of the movement. Children need to understand the relationship between the force of the throw and the height of the jump.

When practicing throwing at a target, it is important to explain:

how to take the correct starting position of the body,
how to perform hand movements,
the need to monitor the movement of the projectile and the target when throwing.

When throwing with two hands, it will not be superfluous to practice the following technique: the preschooler throws the ball on the floor and then catches it. The force applied to the projectile must be varied.

The exercises are changed only after everyone has completed the required number of approaches. All the guys are definitely involved in the games.

The correct transmission is not mastered immediately. We must strive to ensure that preschoolers follow the movement of the ball with their eyes, press their elbows to their body, and point the projectile at the chest level of another child.

Throwing into the basket also requires some skill. Mastering the correct body position, observing the movement of a projectile, and the ability to aim require a clear explanation and patience from the teacher.

Card file of ball games (ages 4-7 years)

Compiled by: physical education instructor

Beloborodova Natalia Vladimirovna

Ball on the floor

Purpose of the game . Catch a ball that bounces off the floor.

Description of the game . Children are divided into two teams and stand in ranks facing each other. Children from one section of each team have a ball. They hit the ball lightly on the floor, catch it with both hands and roll it to their team partners standing in the line opposite.

Methodological techniques. The adult is in a place where he can immediately see everyone, helps catch balls that have rolled far away, reminds how to catch the ball correctly (you need to make a deep basket out of two hands and have time to place it under the ball in time after it bounces off the floor), outlines new options (the same as in the game “Toss and Catch”).

Get into the window

Purpose of the game . Hit the ball at a vertical target from close range.

Description of the game . Children are divided into 2 teams. Each team should have no more than 5-6 children. The guys stand in a column, one at a time, on either side of the gymnastics wall at a distance of 1 m. A line is drawn at the same distance. One team gets the ball. Children of one team throw the ball with their right hand, the other team with their left. The person standing first throws the ball into the lower span of the gymnastic wall - the “window” and stands at the end of the column. The child standing first on the opposite team catches it (or takes it from the floor or ground) and throws the ball into the same space. The next children throw higher into the sky, etc. If one does not hit the “window,” then the next child from the same team throws the ball into the same “window.” When the ball reaches each “window”, the teams change places: those who threw the ball with their left hand throw with their right, and vice versa. The team that makes the fewest mistakes wins. After that, another pair of teams takes their place.

Methodological techniques. The teacher makes sure that the children do not come closer to the gymnastics wall during the throw than the required distance.

Option. "Ball in the net."

A volleyball net is stretched on the court at a height of 110-120 cm. Children are also divided into teams and stand on both sides of the net. Each child from the team takes turns throwing the ball into any cell of the net, and the one standing opposite catches it.

Ball against the wall

Purpose of the game . Throw the ball at the wall, improve the skill of catching the ball that bounced off the wall.

Description of the game . Children line up in 2 lines and stand opposite the wall at a distance of 80-100 cm. Each child takes turns throwing the ball at the wall and catching it, first with two hands, and then with one hand. After this, he stands behind his column. The link that makes the fewest number of ball drops wins.

Methodological techniques. The teacher, standing to the side of the links, tells you how to throw and catch the ball correctly (your legs should be slightly bent at the knees so that you can quickly step back to the side in time to catch the ball); controls the formation of children (it should be such that children do not interfere with each other).

After repeated play, the game becomes more complicated: one child throws, and the other in the column catches, etc.; You can catch with a net, which is given to the second player, after which he passes the net to the next one, etc.

Get into the circle

Purpose of the game . Throw the ball at the wall so that after the rebound it flies in the desired direction; catch a ball that bounces off the floor.

Description of the game . Children stand in 2 lines at a distance of 50-80 cm from the wall. On the floor, 30-40 cm from the wall, there is a hoop (or a circle is drawn). Everyone takes turns throwing the ball against the wall so that it bounces into the circle. He catches the ball and passes it to the next one, and he himself stands at the end of the column. The team with the most points (ball hits in the circle) wins.

Methodological techniques. The teacher, being on the side of the players, monitors the correctness of the throws - the ball must be held lightly - with three fingers, thrown from below, the left (right) leg is slightly put forward, both legs are bent at the knees. If the ball did not reach the hoop (weak throw) or went over the hoop (strong throw), the teacher prompts: “Throw harder!”, “Throw lightly,” “Throw from below!”. He shows himself, marks the best links, gives options: one throws, another puts the hoop under the ball, the third catches the rebounded ball.

Ball in a circle

Purpose of the game . Improve the ability to hit the ball at a stationary horizontal target.

Description of the game . Children are divided into teams, each of which has 5-6 people. Colored hoops are laid out on the floor in any order, 3-4 pieces against each team. Children stand in front of the hoops at a distance of 1.5-2 m. At the teacher’s signal, the first throw the ball so that it hits the circle (hoop). Each child makes two throws into any circle, or the teacher suggests a certain sequence: hit red, blue, yellow, etc. The team that hits all the colored circles wins.

Methodological techniques. Children can throw in any way, but the teacher must explain that throwing from below is more effective, and the ball must be held freely.

The game can be played with a feather ball (shuttlecock) or a small rubber ball.

Option. "Through a rope and into a hoop."

The game is played in the same way as the previous one, only it takes place on the court. A rope is pulled between two posts at a height of 1 20-130 cm. On one side of the site, a circle with a diameter of 1 m is drawn behind the rope; a line is drawn at a distance of 50-70 cm in front of the rope. Children take turns throwing the ball (shuttlecock) over the rope, trying to get into the circle. You can distribute children into several teams. The team with the most ball hits in the circle wins.

Hit and catch

Purpose of the game . Throw the ball at a horizontal target and catch it.

Description of the game . A group of children is divided into teams. Everyone lines up in a column one by one. In front of each team, squares are drawn on the floor (ground) at a close distance from each other. At the teacher’s signal, the first of each team runs to the squares and tries to hit the ball into the square and catch it. The movement is reminiscent of driving stakes. After this, the ball is passed to the next player. You can hit the ball with your left hand, catch it with your right, or vice versa. Or hit and catch with the same hand.

Don't hit the ball

Purpose of the game . Develop dexterity and coordination of movements in children by operating with two objects.

Description of the game . Children are divided into teams. Each team has a hoop and a ball. You need to hit the ball hard on the floor (or throw it up so that it bounces on the floor as long as possible). At this time, the player swings the hoop (like a pendulum) under the ball several times until the ball stops bouncing. The ball and hoop are then passed to the next person on the team. The winner is the team that strictly complies with the conditions of the game.

Methodological techniques. The teacher is in front of the players, facing them, notes typical mistakes: “Don’t swing the hoop too much!”, Varies the task: make several movements with the hoop - left, right, away from you, towards you; perform a certain number of movements with the hoop; move the hoop so as to hit the ball as quickly as possible; pick up a bouncing ball at any attempt and catch it with your free hand; toss and bounce the ball in a circle (not done with a hoop) as many times as possible without dropping it on the floor; do the same with your left hand.

Ball uphill

Purpose of the game . Roll the ball onto an inclined slide and catch it with your hands.

Description of the game . Children stand in a circle (7-8 people) at a distance of arms outstretched to the sides. There can be 2-3 such circles. In the center of the circle is a slide (a cube with a gymnastics board on it).

A child, standing two steps from the base of the slide, rolls the ball up the slide with sufficient force so that the player on the other side of the circle can catch it with his hands and pass it to the left side in a circle. Then everyone takes a step to the left, and other children continue the game. The team that completes the task faster with the least number of times the ball hits the floor wins.

Methodological techniques. The teacher controls the actions of the players, introduces new game options: pass the ball to the right side; play in a column; roll the ball with your left hand from close range.

Ball uphill 2

Purpose of the game . Roll the ball on two slides.

Description of the game . Children are divided into two teams, each against their own slide at a distance of 2-3 m. The slides are connected together at the top. The first four on the team each have a ball. At the signal “Begin!” The driver of the first team stands in front of the slide at a distance of 1 m and rolls the ball so that it hits the opposite slide and rolls down it. This earns the team two points. If the ball does not hit the second hill, then the team receives one point. Then the driver of the second team throws the ball, etc. The team that scores the most points wins.

Methodological techniques. The teacher is on the side of the players, monitors the timely change of players, aloud counts the number of points for each team, offers options for the game: roll the ball with such force that it does not touch the second slide, catch it in flight, preventing it from falling; roll and catch the ball with your left hand; everyone rolls two balls at the same time (with their right and left hands).

Ball uphill against the wall from a hill

Purpose of the game. Improve the skill of rolling a ball onto an inclined slide and bouncing it off the wall.

Description of the game . Teams of children line up in front of two slides, located at a distance of 1.5-2 m from each other. From the wall to the slides is 20-30 cm. You need to roll the ball up the slide from any distance, but so that it hits the wall after overcoming the slide. In this case, the team gets a point. The child takes the ball and passes it to the next person on the team. If the ball falls short of reaching the slide and the wall or, after hitting the wall, does not hit the slide, then it is also passed to another player, but in this case the team does not receive a point. The team that completes the task more accurately and scores the maximum number of points wins.

Methodological techniques. The teacher observes the children's actions, makes specific comments and gives advice on the most common mistakes. So, if the ball did not return to the hill, did not reach the wall, then the teacher says: “Roll the ball harder. Get closer to throw." If the ball hits the wall and goes over the slide, the teacher says: “Don’t roll the ball too much. Move back a little to throw.”

When playing the game again, you can complicate the task a little: one rolls, another catches; roll two balls at once; roll with your left hand.

Roll the ball into the hoop

Purpose of the game . Roll the ball into the hoop using a board (cardboard, plywood).

Description of the game. Children are divided into several subgroups. The same number of hoops are on the floor. A board (cardboard) is placed on the edge of the hoop, one side touching the floor. It turns out to be a small slide. Subgroups of children line up in columns opposite the slides. Everyone has a tennis ball. At the signal, the drivers roll the ball, trying to get into the hoop. In this case, the team gets three points. If the ball hits the hoop but rolls out, then the team receives only one point; if it misses, no point is awarded. Then each child rolls the ball at a rhythm convenient for him. (The ball that hits the hoop stays there until the end of the game to make scoring easier.)

Methodological techniques. The teacher watches the children play and gives advice on how to accurately roll the ball into the hoop. For children who are weak in rolling skills, you can simplify the task: roll from close range. For those who confidently complete the task, increase the distance, adding accordingly the number of points when hitting the hoop. When playing the game again, you can invite the children of each subgroup to roll the ball at the same time, having first placed a sufficient number of boards on the hoop. Or roll it so that it goes over the hoop without hitting it. Or roll the ball into a hoop placed vertically (the hoop is held by a child).

Whose ball will fly farthest?

Purpose of the game. Improve your ball handling skills when rolling uphill.

Description of the game. Columns of children line up in front of 2-4 slides at a distance of 1 m. Everyone has a ball. At the teacher’s signal (waving the flag), the drivers forcefully roll the ball from bottom to top onto the slide so that it flies as far as possible through the air. A flag (cube) is placed where the ball lands. The child takes his ball and stands next to the slide, without interfering with others rolling the ball. If the next player’s ball landing spot is further away, then the flag is moved to this mark; if closer, then the flag is not moved back. The team whose flag is further away from the hill wins.

Methodological techniques. The teacher, standing at the side of the children, checks how the rules of the game are followed and gives specific advice: “Make your swing stronger” - when the ball flies far away; varies the game: roll the ball so that it hits the hoop (box) on the floor (the team in this case receives 3 points, an aimless throw is worth one point).

Ball shot

Purpose of the game . Strengthen the skill of rolling the ball to each other.

Description of the game . Children are divided into subgroups and seated on the floor in a circle at a distance of arms outstretched to the sides. There is one ball in each circle. You need to take it with three fingers (thumb, index and middle), sharply press it and let it across the floor - “shoot”. All fingers should press the ball at the same time, evenly. The player to whom the ball was sent tries to catch it and send it to the next one in the same way. The winner is the subgroup whose “shots” with the ball reached the target.

Methodological techniques. The teacher moves from circle to circle, shows how to perform the task correctly, introduces new game options: perform the task in a different formation - who will roll the ball further (in a standing position); one “shoots” the ball, the other catches it, not allowing it to touch the floor; “shoot” the ball up above you and catch it with both hands.

Chasing the ball

Purpose of the game . Quickly send and receive celluloid balls without dropping them.

Description of the game . Children stand in two circles (two teams). The teacher distributes colored celluloid balls to 3-4 children standing in different places in the circle. At the signal “Catch the ball!” children begin to quickly pass balls to each other. If one child has two balls at once, he is eliminated from the game. After repeating the game 3-4 times, the child plays with everyone together. First the game is played with two balls. The team that strictly followed the rules of the game wins.

Methodological techniques. The teacher monitors the correctness of passing the ball (you can pass the ball in front of you, behind your back, but you cannot pass it through one or more players, or move away). The teacher makes sure that the children do not keep the balls, notes those who are dexterous, attentive, and quick-witted, and introduces new options: play while squatting; in columns one at a time; sitting on benches; on the floor; on the knees; transmit only with a certain hand, and receive with the other.

Pass the ball

Purpose of the game. Pass the ball from hand to hand while moving, improve coordination of movements when running away from objects.

Description of the game . Children are divided into units and lined up in columns one after another. Any object is placed in front of each column at a distance of 3-4 m: a chair, a large ball, a mace, a cube, etc. The first one runs with the ball, runs around the object, passes the ball to the next one in his column and stands behind everyone. If the ball is lost, the child returns, picks it up and runs from the place where the ball fell. The link that is ahead of the others, subject to the conditions of the game, wins.

Methodological techniques. The teacher makes sure that the children follow the rules of the game: do not go out to meet the player ahead of time, try not to touch the object, do not pass the ball and move into the columns on one side. If children often make the listed mistakes, the teacher can stop the game and clarify the rules again.

The game can take place in another version: run around a chair, put the ball on it, and returning to your column, touch the hand of the next player, who, running around the chair, takes the ball and passes it to another, etc.; run to the chair, put the ball on it, run around the chair, blow it off the chair and pass it to the next player.

From hoop to hoop

Purpose of the game. Improve the skill of throwing a ball at a stationary horizontal target.

Description of the game. Children stand in columns one at a time. At a distance of 1 m from the leader, three hoops lie close to each other on the floor (or three circles with a diameter of 80-100 cm are drawn). You need to throw the ball into the first hoop with your right hand so that after rebounding it hits inside the second and, jumping again, hits the third. The child takes his ball and passes it to the next one, and he himself stands on the opposite side, then rolls the balls to his team. The game continues until all players have moved to the opposite side. The team that changes its position the fastest, while making the fewest mistakes, wins.

Methodological techniques. The teacher stands to the side of the players and, as necessary, gives instructions: “Throw the ball lightly”, “Move back a little to throw” (if the ball did not hit one of the hoops), “Hit the ball harder on the floor” (if the ball bounced into the first two hoops, and in the third he just rolled). The teacher can make the game easier or more difficult: throw the ball when the hoops are 50 cm apart; throw the ball from both sides; throw two balls from both sides at the same time.

Ball in a circle

The purpose of the game . Teach children to roll the ball in a certain direction.

Description of the game . Children sit on the floor squatting in a circle. The driver with the ball is in the center of the circle. He rolls the ball to each child in turn or to the one who is called: “Sasha, catch it!” The player catches the ball and sends it back, but at the same time he must complete some task: have time to clap his hands 2-3 times, name a quantitative or ordinal number, for example, the driver says: “First”, the child answers: “Second”, etc. etc. You can name any object included in the general concept (furniture, fruit, etc.).

Methodological techniques. The teacher is at the circle, making sure that the children roll the ball and not toss it, and outlines new options for the game: rolling through one player, through two, with the left hand.

Get to the wall

Purpose of the game . Improve the skill of pushing the ball away when rolling.

Description of the game. From 6-8 sticks they form two corridors 30-50 cm wide so that the corridor reaches the wall. There should be two such corridors. The group is divided into two teams. Two from each team stand against the wall, the rest sit on chairs on both sides of the room. At the teacher’s signal, the children begin to roll the balls towards the wall. After throwing the ball, the player sits down. The person standing at the wall, after touching the ball against the wall, catches it and stands in the starting position for rolling; his place at the wall is taken by the next one in the team. The team that quickly and correctly completed the task wins.

Methodological techniques. The teacher walks between the corridors, tells them how to throw the ball correctly, invites one of the children to serve the ball that rolled out of the corridor, counts how many balls did not reach the wall for each team, and monitors the order in which the players change.

Catch the ball

Purpose of the game . Catch up with a rolling ball.

Description of the game . 2 corridors are made from gymnastic sticks, up to 30 cm wide and 3-4 m long. Children are divided into teams and line up at the beginning of the corridors. The first one rolls the ball, runs after it and tries to catch it, preventing it from rolling out of the corridor. Then he passes the ball to the next one, stands behind the formation or sits on a chair. The team that not only quickly but also completes the task correctly wins.

Methodological techniques. The teacher stands at the other end of the corridor and monitors the correct execution of the exercise: “Don’t throw the ball so hard if you don’t have time to catch it. Cover the ball with your hand on top of the boat.” Offers new tasks: catch a rolling ball after the words: “One-two-three! Catch"; catch at the end of the corridor, in the middle, near the flag.

Roll the ball

Purpose of the game . Learn to roll the ball into the goal.

Description of the game . Children lay out cubes (skittles, gymnastic sticks) into a rectangle 30-40 cm wide without one side facing the players (in the form of a goal). Based on the number of gates, children are divided into teams. Each player has a ball. At a distance of 2-3 m from the goal, the child rolls the ball into the goal of the rectangle. At the end of rolling, one of the team collects all the balls and distributes them to his players. The number of balls that hit the goal is counted. The most accurate and fastest team is declared the winner.

Methodological techniques. The teacher monitors the correct preparation for rolling the ball, serves the balls that do not fall into the rectangle, and counts the ball hits in the goal by each team.

Catch the bounced ball

Purpose of the game . Learn to catch the ball after bouncing off an object.

Description of the game . The game is played in a group room or hall. Two ordinary tables are moved with their narrow side perpendicular, close to the wall. The child stands at the edge of the table (with his legs slightly bent) against the wall and rolls the ball across the table so that it bounces. After this, he must quickly catch the ball and pass it to a friend.

Methodological techniques. The teacher makes sure that the children roll the ball closer to the center of the table, while raising their hand slightly above the table. The push of the ball when rolling should be strong enough (when swinging, the hand is pulled back and sent forward with a sharp movement, the ball will roll with sufficient speed). When the ball bounces, it is difficult to guess the direction of movement, so the teacher warns the children to prepare to catch the ball and watch its flight. The teacher can offer new game options: throw with one hand - catch with the other hand; one child rolls, the other catches; roll with your left hand.

Ball towards the ball

Purpose of the game . Improve the skills of pushing and catching the ball.

Description of the game . Children are divided into two teams. Each team stands opposite each other at a distance of 4-6m. The drivers have a ball. At the teacher’s signal: “Start!” - children roll the balls towards each other, but so that the balls do not collide. Having caught the ball, the driver passes it to the next one. The team that makes the fewest mistakes wins. The game is repeated 2-3 times.

Methodological techniques. This game is played after children have learned to roll a large ball with both hands. They play independently in a group or on a site and are not divided into teams. The teacher shows how to roll and explains: “Everyone should roll a little to the right, then the balls will not collide,” and varies the game: roll first with the right hand, then with the left; children of one link roll the ball with their right hand, and the other with their left; increase the distance between links.

Hit the ball

Purpose of the game. Hit the ball at a moving target.

Description of the game . Children are divided into subgroups and located on the playground in ranks with their backs to each other. Players in subgroups stand at a distance of arms outstretched to the sides. The driver with a hoop in his hands stands at the end of the line, everyone else playing has a ball. At the teacher’s signal, the hands leading the movement guide (roll) the hoop in front of the formation. The hoop should roll at a distance of 50-80 cm from the children. As soon as the hoop approaches one of the players, he must accurately throw the ball into the hoop. At the teacher’s signal: “Collect the balls!” - the children take their balls and return to their place. At first, the teacher himself appoints drivers from those children who roll the hoop well. The winner is the subgroup that has the most hits with the ball into the rolling hoop and the least number of balls that fall.

Methodological techniques. Before the game, the teacher trains all children in rolling a hoop. If the hoop falls before reaching the very edge, the teacher says: “Push the hoop harder!”, “Place it evenly on the floor.” After playing the game again, you can introduce a complication - two drivers on both sides roll a hoop, you need to hit one of the hoops.

Methods of working with children

Individual work is needed with children who were unable to complete the exercises. The development of motor skills occurs most effectively while playing with a ball in kindergarten. Attention to each individual child is an integral part of the correct upbringing process.

Lengthy explanations during play are poorly received by preschoolers, and therefore it is better to use short comments. It is recommended to celebrate achievements and successes in front of the whole group.

Children participating in throwing games should be taught that:

you need to be careful when fishing,
do not throw at the head and feet area,
It’s worth calculating your strength to avoid injuries to other guys.

Interest in games largely depends on the teacher. Criticism and comments should not be presented in a form that will reduce interest in the exercises.

Games for older preschoolers

Ball games in the courtyard of a kindergarten for children 6-7 years old should be studied by teachers and entered into a file cabinet. The necessary equipment will not be difficult to find in the play area or to make during classes at the preschool educational institution. If the weather allows you to go out into the yard, then ball games for preschoolers are very interesting and educational.

“Ball, fly!”

Goal: ability to jump high and fast.

Participants stand in a circle. The teacher chooses a driver who stands in the center and gives him a wand. Children are kept at a distance of 80 cm from each other.
Each child is given 5 rubber bands that they can put on their hand.
The players throw the ball to each other. The driver tries to touch him with a stick. The round lasts approximately 2 minutes.
If the driver touches, then the player who threw the ball gives 1 rubber band to the driver and stands in the center instead of him.
The number of rounds corresponds to the number of participants. The player who collected the most rubber bands wins.

Peculiarities:

children throw the projectile to each other as quickly as possible; when catching, players can move;
touching the projectile while it is in the participant’s hands does not count;
the number of rubber bands can be more than five.

“Fun Races”

Ball relay races for preschoolers foster a healthy spirit of competition. There are many variations of the rules, depending on the number of participants and their wishes.

Goal: improve agility.

Children are divided into 2 teams with the same number of players and stand in 2 ranks one after another.
At the signal, the children begin to pass the ball to each other from the one in front to the one on the other side and back. The projectile is alternately passed over the right and left shoulders. That is, if one child passed through the right, then the next one after him passes through the left.
The team that returns the projectile to the first player first wins.

Peculiarities:

teams start the game at the same time;
The sequence of turns over the left and right shoulders during the relay must be strictly observed.

“The watchman never sleeps”

Goal: development of mindfulness.

The teacher draws a circle with a diameter of approximately 7 m if there are 10-12 players.
In the center of the circle you need to build a town with gates located in a circle.
Participants are divided into teams of Watchmen and Mice. Each mouse is given 1 small ball. Each gate has its own Watchman. The mice stand along the line of the circle.
The task of the mice is to send a projectile with their feet so that it hits the gate. The Guardians' task is to hit the ball so that it flies out of the circle.
The Mouse who missed his projectile beyond the circle line and the Watchman who missed his goal are eliminated.
The team with the most members left at the end of the game wins.

Feature: the guard can only kick.

"Mini football"

The game is played outdoors and will appeal even to teenagers aged 10-12 years. Playing a variation of football outdoors will require the creation of two teams of players. In the future, with regular training, the children will become virtuoso dribblers. Acquired agility and speed will allow you to feel confident in football competitions.

Assemble 2 teams of six people.
Build a gate from cubes or other suitable equipment.
The guys score goals against each other and play without grabbing their opponents' clothes or hands.
During one game you can take breaks of 6-7 minutes.
The team that scores the most goals wins.

Features: The rules can be changed before the start of each game, but not after the start.

Indoor ball games for children 6-7 years old should be suitable for limited space and accompanied by music. If the year turns out to be cold and rainy, then the opportunity to go out into the garden courtyard will not come often.

A good card index includes outdoor games with elements:

throwing a projectile into a basket,
passing the ball to a small circle of participants.

Article “Using the ball in working with preschool children”

1. The importance of ball exercises

Even in ancient times, ball games were not only entertaining, but also therapeutic. The Roman physician Claudius Galen prescribed ball games to his patients as a medicine. The creator of the public preschool education system, Friedrich Froebel, considered the ball to be a means of all-round development of a preschool child. And today the ball should not lose its status as a “childhood companion.” Ball games are not only the development of dexterity, speed, coordination, eye, but also unloading of the nervous system, a lot of joyful emotions and experiences. And for a child to be healthy, it is very important to be happy. The physical education and health area of work is one of the most important and strong aspects of the activities of kindergartens. Each preschool educational institution has the opportunity to choose a comprehensive program, and each teacher - a specialized one.

It should be recognized that at present one of the promising areas for improving the physical education of preschool children is the introduction into practice of children's educational institutions of selected elements of sports training technologies. During preschool childhood, the foundations of health, comprehensive physical fitness and harmonious physical development are laid in the child. Unfortunately, the importance of outdoor games as the main means of a child’s comprehensive development is underestimated. Children usually seek to satisfy their need for movement through games. So, during outdoor games, children improve their movements, develop qualities such as initiative and independence, confidence and perseverance.

Activities with the ball occupy a large place in physical education work and are used by all children in independent games and exercises. Throwing and catching, throwing strengthens the muscles of the shoulder girdle, torso, small muscles of the arms, and contributes to the development of the eye and accuracy. They also require good coordination of movements. Ball games develop dexterity, rhythm and precision of movements. Already at 8-10 months, a child throws an object, releasing it from his hand, pushing the toy away with his brush. The throw can be directed in different ways: down, up, to the side. Having released the object from his hands, the child watches it, looking for the place where it fell in order to take it himself or show it to an adult. For a small child at the beginning of the second year of life, who is unsure of holding himself in an upright position, it is more convenient to throw objects from a sitting position. With the advent of stable walking, throwing from a standing position becomes possible. By making too vigorous a sudden movement, the baby may lose his balance. But under the influence of frequent exercises, the throw is performed more and more confidently, and the ball flies further. Children are happy to roll balls and throw them into a box or basket. These movements do not require a precisely fixed method of execution. The ball can be thrown with less or more effort, in any direction (high, to the side, far). It can be caught in any way convenient for everyone, with one or two hands, immediately or after bouncing off the ground. You can throw large and small balls, cones, snowballs, pebbles, and bags of sand.

After throwing, the actual throwing appears. These movements are different from each other. Throwing in any direction is performed with relatively small movements of the arms, and the torso and legs are almost not involved in the work. That is why throwing to a sitting or unsteadily standing child is possible. Any throwing (far, at a target, in different ways - from above, from the side, from behind the back over the shoulder) is characterized by wide-ranging and active movements of the legs and torso in combination with an equally wide movement of the hand throwing the object.

In the second year of life, rolling a ball plays an important role in the development of the baby's movements. It is most often performed from a sitting position; a large ball is pushed with both hands in a straight direction. The teacher shows that you can perform a variety of actions with the ball, helps the children gain their own motor experience, the ability to handle the ball: hold it in two or one hand, clasping it with your fingers, pushing it away, rolling it, throwing it. It is advisable that adults at home often provide the child with the opportunity to play with the ball. You can hang a large inflatable ball at the height of your child's raised arms and encourage him to push the ball away with both hands at the same time. The teacher groups children in their third year of life into subgroups of three to five and plays with them. The creation of small play subgroups makes it possible to activate all children, to pay attention to each, taking into account his individual motor skills. With a newly admitted child who does not have the skill to handle the ball, the teacher plays more often.

In each age group, balls should be of different sizes - from small (rubber and tennis) to large inflatable ones. Exercises with them teach children to use different grips on the ball without unnecessary stress: grasp a small ball tightly with the fingers of one hand, while when working with a large ball, the fingers of both hands are spread wider. Skating is a useful exercise that helps you master the ball, trains the muscles of your fingers and hands, and teaches you to correctly assess the direction of movement of the ball and the necessary muscle efforts. Kids love to roll the ball down the slide. This movement does not yet require pushing the ball. Then skating is done in any direction, children gradually learn to perform active movements with the fingers of both hands at the same time. A more complex skill is to roll the ball in a certain direction: between the goals, along a narrow path, to each other, in a “snake”. To successfully roll, you should direct the ball forward, trying not to let it deviate to the side; the push should be stronger and more confident. The distance gradually increases - from 1 m in the younger group, to 2 m in the middle group. In the senior and pre-school groups, children roll a weighted medicine ball weighing up to 1 kg. The push should be performed with the fingers of straightened arms, as if accompanying the movement of the ball. Throwing and catching are more complex movements that require an eye. When catching a ball, it is important to correctly assess the direction of its flight, and when throwing, combine the required direction with the force of the throw. Throwing the ball up is useful. It is associated with active straightening, as if pulling for a thrown object, and this exercise, in addition to strengthening the muscles of the shoulder girdle, promotes good posture. Balls should be varied: small rubber or tennis balls with a diameter of 5-6 cm, medium-sized balls with a diameter of 8-12 cm, large balls with a diameter of 18-20 cm. For some exercises and games, inflatable balls are used; older children need volleyballs and medicine balls weighing up to 1 kg.

2.
Mastering the ball - preparing children for sports games in different age groups.
Children of the same age have different levels of development, degrees of emotional and psychological readiness to start school. However, there are a number of qualities common to them. Firstly, there is unsystematic awareness on almost any issue. Today, through all kinds of sources, children are almost forcefully loaded with information. It is worth noting that information is often contradictory, which causes a state of anxiety and uncertainty or indifference in children. The next quality of modern children is the feeling of their “I” in the world, which most often turns into a sense of self-esteem and self-respect, and the consequence of this is more free and independent behavior than in children in past years. Therefore, teaching children in subgroups allows us to find an individual approach to each child, taking into account his personal characteristics. The child’s reserve of motor energy is so great that he independently realizes the need to move naturally during play. “Little children, relying on instinct, regulate both the intensity and time of their motor activity in play. There is no need to stop a child from playing and frolicking - this is inherent in him by nature. I.A. Arshavsky said: “Tomorrow’s intelligence of a child and his today’s lethargy have a direct connection.” The organization of throwing exercises is as follows: to the right (left) of the thrower there are buckets or boxes with an equal number of balls or bags (2-3 in each), which the child takes with his right (left) hand. However, even in this case, some children take the ball correctly, but then transfer it to a hand more accustomed to throwing. This is usually more common in children who can throw confidently and have already identified their “strongest” hand (it can be either right or left). The teacher needs to carefully control the number of throws with each hand. If the majority of children in the group have not mastered throwing with their left hand well, then it is with throwing with their left hand that they should begin training.

During the initial mastery of actions with the ball, a large place is occupied by individual exercises, independent attempts by children to play with the ball: throw it in any direction, use the learned method of throwing - from below, from the side, from the shoulder. First, children learn to throw the ball forward and upward. Children do not always perform this movement with both hands at the same time and do not follow the required direction. For children who find it difficult to throw the ball, the teacher helps: stands behind the child and, holding his hands with the ball, throws the ball down or up with him. Throwing in any direction is accompanied by running after the ball. Gradually, the teacher teaches children to catch a ball that has bounced off the floor or wall. In individual exercises, the child throws the ball to the teacher, who can catch an inaccurately thrown ball, while in the game of two small children, inaccurate throws are frequent, and running after a fallen ball distracts children from the main exercise.

The throw on the ground must be performed vertically downward, maintaining the accuracy of the direction and a certain force of the push. With a weak hit, you have to bend down to catch the ball, and with an overly strong hit, the ball flies up high and is difficult to catch. Success in this exercise largely depends on the condition of the surface, so the teacher organizes throwing the ball down on an asphalt path, a dense flat area, or a veranda.

A ball thrown up or bounced off the ground is caught with both hands with a simultaneous grip from both sides or from below, placing the palms under the flying ball. The fingers are slightly bent, forming a bowl. A ball thrown by a teacher or a peer must be caught without pressing it to the chest, try to meet it with your fingers when catching it, straighten your arms towards the flying ball, and having caught it, bend them and pull the ball to your chest. Older children deftly and easily throw and catch the ball. Therefore, they can be in different positions - sitting, standing, in pairs, in a circle, moving. Older children can combine different movements with playing ball, for example, throwing and catching the ball while crouching, jumping, alternating throwing and catching with running.

Throwing at a target (horizontal and vertical) is performed with rubber or tennis balls, bags of sand, cones, and snowballs. A horizontal target can be a box, a stump, a basket, a vertical target can be a shield with a drawn circle, a hoop, a large ball, a tree, etc. Depending on the nature of the target, the weight and size of the projectile being thrown, the throwing method is chosen. A large ball is thrown into a basket or a hoop lying on the ground with both hands from below, a small ball or cone - with one hand. A small projectile is often thrown at a vertical target with one hand. At the same time, younger children are more willing to use the method of throwing with a bent arm from the shoulder, while older children more often throw from behind the head. The teacher helps young children to take a ball or other object with the indicated hand, sometimes even placing it in the baby’s hand and then directing its movement. Older children must follow instructions exactly with which hand to throw an object.

Throwing into the distance does not require the same precision of the eye as throwing at a target. The children's movements here are more free, sweeping, and energetic. Children, just as when throwing at a target, more often throw an object with a movement of the hand from the shoulder, having first bent the arm and not straightening it when throwing. Often the throw, although sharp, is directed downward, and the object falls close to the child (within 0.5-1 m). Children need to be taught how to throw forward and upward correctly. Along this trajectory, the ball will fly far. Without a visual reference, children have a hard time understanding how to do this. Therefore, the teacher offers to throw the ball over a bush, tree branch, or hangs a rope slightly higher than the child’s raised hand. Younger children are positioned at a distance of 1 m from the rope, older children move further away, about 2-3 m. The teacher himself must correctly show the children the movement in compliance with all the basic requirements of the technique or prepare a child who knows how to throw well for the demonstration.

Throwing into the distance is performed in different ways: from the shoulder, from behind the back over the shoulder with a preliminary swing, from below, from above, from the side. Balls, sandbags, cones, snowballs are thrown into the distance; near the pond, children enthusiastically throw small pebbles into the water “who’s next”; in the forest, in the meadow they use long blades of grass, throwing them like a spear. Soft and small objects - balls, acorns, chestnuts - can be thrown from below with the task “who will throw the highest”. Circles cut out of cardboard are thrown in a sideways manner reminiscent of discus throwing. The teacher must teach older preschoolers how to dribble the ball. Learning this movement should begin after children have mastered the skill of pushing the ball while standing in place with soft, smooth movements of the hand. When dribbling the ball, the child moves forward by walking and then running, bending slightly along the way. The ball is hit so that it bounces at or slightly above the waist. Since the development of a child at different age stages has its own characteristics, exercises for each age group should have their own specifics.

First year of study

: Exercises with balls (performed by imitation of the teacher): pushing away a large ball suspended in a net with both hands; rolling a medium ball to each other while sitting in pairs; rolling a medium ball to the teacher while lying on his stomach; rolling a medium ball against the wall while lying on your stomach; running after the ball thrown by the teacher; throwing the ball into the basket while standing; throwing a small ball into the distance and running after it; throwing a medium ball to the teacher and catching it while sitting, then standing (distance 30 - 40 cm); transferring the ball from the shelf to the basket (distance 3 - 4 m); passing one medium and two small balls to each other in a row while sitting.

Second year of study

: Exercises with balls. Performed by demonstration, with the help of the teacher, and also together with him: passing the ball to each other in a row, sitting on chairs; rolling a medium ball to each other, sitting two by two on the floor; throwing a medium ball from the teacher to the child and back, sitting on chairs (the teacher is standing); throwing a small ball into a basket while standing (distance 50 cm), running after the ball thrown by the teacher, followed by throwing it into the basket; throwing a small ball into the distance and running after it; throwing and catching a medium ball in the palm while sitting on chairs.

Third year of study

: Exercises with balls, with a bag of sand: passing a large ball and two small ones in a circle at the same time;
passing a large ball back to each other while bending over while sitting astride a bench; tossing a medium ball on the palms while sitting (height 20 - 25 cm); throwing a medium ball from the teacher to the child and back while standing (distance 50 - 70 cm); throwing a medium ball against the wall and catching it after the rebound (distance 25 - 30 cm from the wall); throwing a small ball into the distance, running after it, throwing it into the basket; rolling a large ball with your hand while going around the pin (distance 3 - 4 m); throwing a bag of sand at a vertical target - a circle with a diameter of 40 - 50 cm (distance 1.5 m), throwing a bag of sand at a horizontal target - a hoop lying on the floor (distance 1.5 - 2 m), as well as into a basket (distance 50 - 70 cm). Fourth year of study:
Exercises with balls and a bag of sand: throwing and catching a medium ball from the teacher to the child and back, standing in a circle; passing a medium ball to each other by hitting the floor, standing in groups of two (distance up to 1 m); throwing a medium ball against the wall and catching it after the rebound (distance 60 - 70m); passing a large ball backwards while bending over while sitting astride a bench; throwing a medium ball on the floor and catching it after rebounding from the IP. standing, feet shoulder-width apart; hitting a medium ball on the floor with one hand, standing still, etc. feet shoulder width apart; throwing a small ball or a bag of sand into the distance; throwing a small ball or a bag of sand at a vertical target with the right and left hands (distance 2 m, circle diameter 40 - -50 cm, height 1 - 1.5 m); throwing a bag of sand at a horizontal target - a basket, a hoop (distance 1.5 - 2 m).

3. Methods of teaching exercises with the ball.

In order to develop coordination of movements in preschoolers, special exercises must be systematically included in the preparatory part of the lesson. It is recommended to use no more than five exercises in each session. Lying on your back, the ball behind your head, throw the ball up in front of you and catch it. Transfer the ball from hand to hand around the body in both directions, without touching the body. The ball is in your hands behind your back. Throw the ball over your head and catch it in front. Throw the ball with one hand from behind your back over your shoulder and catch it with both hands, one hand. Stand on one leg, raise the other forward, throw the ball under your leg from the outside up and catch it. Dribble the ball with one hand (right or left), hitting the floor after 1, 2, 3 steps. From the stance, legs apart, lean forward, throw the ball back - up, turn in a circle, straighten up and catch the ball.

Throw the ball forward and upward in front of you, catch it and catch it before it hits the floor. Lying on your stomach, the ball on the court near your head, throw the ball to the side - back. Throw the ball up, sit on the floor, stand up and catch it; throw the ball up, turn around and catch it, throw the ball up, sit down and catch it while sitting, from the seat again throw the ball up and catch it while standing. Jump over obstacles (for example, over a gymnastics bench), hitting the ball on the floor or throwing and catching it. The student has two balls. One to dribble, the other to throw the ball up and catch it without stopping dribbling. Throw the ball along a corridor 50 or 100 cm wide as far as possible (if the ball goes outside the corridor, the throw does not count). Dribble the ball around obstacles on the right and left. Throw the ball, trying to hit the center of the circle drawn on the floor. The diameter of the circle is from 30 to 100 cm. The conditions for performing the exercise are different. So, for example, you need to quickly score 15 points from the throw lines. The first line is drawn at a distance of 3 m, the second - 4 m and the third - 5 m from the circle. You are allowed to make 3 throws from each line. For each hit, 1 point is given. Roll the ball along the floor and catch it behind the line (8-10 m line). Perform a somersault on the mat and rush after the ball thrown forward and upward by your partner. Catch the ball after acceleration and dribble it around obstacles to the right or left. Then throw the ball forward and up, jump over the bench, catch the ball and catch it before it touches the floor.

The same, throwing the ball low above the mat, perform a somersault during its flight.

Lie on your back with the ball in your hands. At the signal, jump up, jump over the bench with a run of 3-4 m, climb over the gymnastic beam, perform a 5-8 m dash, climb onto the gymnastic wall, touch the top bar with your hand, jump and make the final dash to the finish line. Toss and catch two balls at the same time. Bibliography

1. Balsevich, V.K. The concept of alternative forms of organizing physical education for children and youth / V.K. Balsevich // Physical culture: education, training. - 1996. - No. 1. - P. 23-25

2. Vavilova E.N. Learn to run, jump, climb, throw. – M., 1983.

3. Movement. / Comp. Zhdanova S.I. – M.: Education, 2004. – 176 p.

4. Dvorkina N.I. Innovative directions for improving the system of physical education of preschool children // Modern problems of physical education, valeology and healthy lifestyle. — Kropotkin, 2000

What balls are suitable

Preschoolers need lighter balls than those used for ball games for teenagers. Familiarity with sports equipment should begin at an early age.

At 2-3 years old it will be useful to use a small massage ball. The manufacturing technology of equipment for babies eliminates the possibility of separating small parts that can be inhaled or swallowed.

For children 3-4 years old, large and small, but very light, inflatable balls are suitable. The impact of such a ball on a child should be practically not felt. This recommendation also applies to children 4-5 years old.

Children a little older (5-6 years old) can be given heavier inflatable balls that meet all safety requirements.

Outdoor games with fitballs for older preschoolers

Outdoor games with fitball for children of senior preschool age. Practical material

Card index of outdoor games with fitball for children of senior preschool age
Author-compiler: Evgenia Vladimirovna Vaganova, physical education instructor at MADOOU No. 21 “Iskorka”, Berdsk This development is designed for children of senior preschool age and is intended for physical education instructors, exercise therapy and educators preschool educational institutions, this development may also be of interest to physical education teachers in primary schools, parents and anyone interested in the problems of children's physical education. The presented card index is practical material for the author’s program “Fitball-gymnastics in preschool educational institutions”; it can also be used in educational activities for physical education, in free activity, and in exercise therapy classes for postural disorders. Goal: Prevention of poor posture in children of senior preschool age 1.HARES AND THE WOLF Objectives: Development of agility, speed-strength qualities, coordination abilities, attention, increasing emotional tone. Description of the game: Children - “hares” are jumping on fitballs around the hall, while the teacher says the following words: Hares are jumping: hop, hop, hop On to the green meadow, They pinch the grass, eat, They listen carefully: Is a wolf coming?
The teacher shouts: “Wolf!”
All the hares must quickly hide behind their ball house. The game is repeated 2-3 times. Rules of the game: When performing jumps, do not collide with each other; hide behind the ball by squatting or sitting on your heels. 2. BARMALEY AND DOLLS Objectives: Developing dexterity, coordination abilities, attention, developing the skill of correct posture, increasing emotional tone. Game description: The villain Barmaley wants to catch many dolls for his theater. All children are “dolls” living in their own houses. Namely, they sit on their fitballs, adopting the correct posture. Barmaley walks between the houses. The dolls tease Barmaley, run from house to house with the words: We are funny guys, We love to run and play.
Well, try to catch us. Barmaley's task is to catch the mischievous dolls.
The game is repeated 2-3 times. Rules of the game: Barmaley is chosen using a counting rhyme; when running away from Barmaley, two people cannot sit on the same ball. 3. THE DRAGON BITES THE TAIL Objectives: Development of dexterity, attention, nurturing a sense of camaraderie, increasing emotional tone. Description of the game: Children stand one after another, adopting the correct posture, and hold tightly to the child in front. In the hands of the first child the ball is the “head of the dragon”, the last child is the “tail”. The “head” must catch its “tail” by touching it with the ball. The game is much more interesting if two teams participate in it, that is, “two dragons.” Rules of the game: While moving the “head” to the “tail”, do not break the “dragon’s body”. 4. FIND YOUR BALL Objectives: Development of the vestibular apparatus, dexterity, attention, formation of the skill of correct posture. Description of the game: Two teams play: one sits on the balls, the other stands behind her (both teams take the correct posture). At a signal, sitting children stand up, take 6-8 steps from the ball with their eyes closed, and turn 3 times around their axis. At this time, standing children pass fitballs from hand to hand among themselves. At the signal “Stop!” the children of the first team open their eyes and try to find their ball and sit on it as quickly as possible. The game is repeated 2 or 4 times. Rules of the game: Teams are formed by calculating first, second. 5. PENGUINS ON AN ICE FLOE Objectives: Developing dexterity, attention, coordination abilities, developing the skill of correct posture, increasing the emotional background. Description of the game: Children-"penguins" run freely around the hall. Ice balls are scattered in random order on the floor. A driving child “hunter” is trying to catch the “penguins” and stain them. If the “penguin” has climbed onto the “ice floe”, that is, sits on the ball, taking the correct posture, it is not allowed to catch it. Rules of the game: You can move around the hall without touching the fitballs; you can take up space on any ball. 6. DUCKS AND THE DOG Objectives: Formation of the skill of correct posture, development of speed qualities, attention, increasing emotional tone. Game description: At one end of the hall, children sit on their fitballs, adopting the correct posture. On the opposite side there is a child - a “dog”. At the teacher’s command, the children get up from their fitballs and, imitating ducks, approach the “dog”, which is lying in its kennel. The teacher together with the children says: “You, little dog, don’t bark, don’t scare our ducks. Our white ducks are already timid.” At the same time, the naughty “dog” jumps out and catches up with the ducks, who run away to their balls and sit on them, assuming the correct posture. The game is repeated 2-3 times. Rules of the game: “Dog” is selected using a counting rhyme, running away from the dog, not colliding with other players and taking up space only on his ball. 7. CLOUDS AND THE SUN Objectives: Development of speed and strength qualities, agility, eye, attention and memory; increase in emotional tone. Description of the game: A ball is selected - “sun”, and all other balls are “clouds”. The game is of average mobility, takes place at a calm pace. All the children calmly walk around the hall and roll balls in front of them. The teacher says the following words: “Clouds walked across the sky, catching the red sun.” The children, having taken the basic stance and fixed the correct posture, answer in chorus: “And we will catch the sun, and we will catch the red one.” “Sunny” stops and says: “I’m not afraid of clouds!” I’ll dodge the gray ones!” After these words, the “sun” tries to “roll over the horizon” with his ball; the “clouds” must knock down the “sun” with their balls, pushing the ball along the floor in the direction of the “sun” and not allow it to hide. Rules of the game: You cannot throw the ball while knocking out the “sun”, do not collide with other children while moving around the hall, the “sun” is selected using a counting rhyme. 8. FOX AND JERBOAS Objectives: Development of the vestibular apparatus, speed and strength qualities, to promote the formation of the skill of correct posture; skill of jumping on a fitball, increasing emotional tone. Description of the game: One child is selected - a “fox”, whose task is to catch all the other “jerboa” children. The teacher announces: “Day!”, and then all the “jerboas” jump on their balls throughout the room, in different directions. As soon as the command “Night!” sounds — all the “jerboas” freeze, assuming the correct posture. The “fox” goes hunting and can eat anyone who stands crooked or moves. The game is repeated 2-3 times. Rules of the game: “Fox” is selected using a counting rhyme. 9. HERON AND FROGS Objectives: To develop memory, speed-strength qualities, vestibular apparatus, rhythm of movements and the ability to coordinate them with words; promote the formation of the skill of correct posture; skill of jumping on a fitball, increasing emotional tone. Description of the game: The teacher tells the children that the hall is a swamp. A “heron” stands to the side. Other children in the group - “frogs” - jump on balls in the swamp and say: We are funny frogs, We are green frogs, We croak loudly in the morning: Kva-kva-kva, Yes, kva, kva, kva!
The “frogs” stop, take the correct posture, freeze and listen carefully to the words of the heron, who walks around the swamp, raising her legs high, and says:
I walk through the swamp, And I grab frogs. I swallow them whole. Here they are, frogs, Green frogs. Watch out, I'm coming, I'll catch you all.
After these words, the “heron” must catch as many jumping frogs as possible.
The game is repeated 2-3 times. Rules of the game: “Heron” is selected using a counting rhyme; when the “heron” pronounces the words, none of the “frogs” moves. Whoever breaks this rule is also considered a loser and is eliminated from the game. 10. FAST CATERPILLAR Objectives: Development of dexterity, coordination abilities, education of responsibility, sense of team, increasing emotional tone. Game description: Two teams of children play. Each team is a “caterpillar”, where all participants are connected to each other using fitballs, which they hold together with their torsos. On command, the children begin moving the caterpillar towards the finish line. The fastest team that doesn't break the track or drop the ball wins. The game is repeated 2-3 times. Rules of the game: Do not touch the fitball with your hands while moving. 11. FAST FROG Objectives: To develop memory, speed-strength qualities, vestibular apparatus, rhythm of movements and the ability to coordinate them with words; promote the formation of the skill of correct posture; skill of jumping on a fitball. Description of the game. Children, sitting on balls on one side of the hall, perform springy movements and pronounce the words: We are frogs and blackax, The night is blacker than blackax... The grass rustles.
Kwa, kwa, kwa! There are bumps underfoot. There are flowers by the pond. Kwa, kwa, kwa! Well, don't yawn, catch up with the frogs! The players, jumping on the balls, move to the other side of the hall.
The game is repeated 3-4 times. Rules of the game: Perform movements according to the text, observing the rhythm; when pronouncing words, the arms are bent at the elbows at head level, the fingers are wide open, in the words: “Kwa, kwa, kwa!” - actively squeeze your hands; when moving to the other side of the hall, you can overtake each other, observing safety precautions. 12. UNUSUAL STEAM LOGO Objectives: To develop memory, vestibular apparatus, speed and strength qualities, rhythm of movements and the ability to coordinate them with words; promote the formation of the skill of correct posture; consolidation (improvement) of the skill of jumping on a fitball. Description of the game. Children, on command, jump on balls in a column, saying together with the instructor rhythmically, at a certain pace, the following text: I puff, puff, puff, I knock my wheels.
I'm knocking my wheels, I want to give you a ride. Chok, chug, chug, chug, I'll rock you far! Too-too! Chug, chug, chug... The game is repeated 3-4 times.
Rules of the game: Perform movements according to the text, move exactly one after another, when stopping, self-monitor your posture. Game options: a) Move in a straight line or in a detour, b) Move around the hall between objects in a given direction. 13. HOMELESS HARE Objectives: Developing dexterity, attention, strengthening the skill of correct posture, increasing emotional tone, developing the ability to endure failures. Description of the game: Balls are scattered around the hall, one less than the number of players in the hall. All the children: “hares” are running around the hall. At the teacher’s command “Everyone go home!” - children sit on any of the balls, taking the correct posture. A “homeless hare” is the child who did not take the ball. The next game begins with a full complement of children, and the number of balls is reduced by one more, etc. The game is repeated 2-3 times. While running, there may be some background music without words. Rules of the game: While running, do not collide or touch the balls. 14. “STOP, HOP, ONE” Objectives: Development of dexterity, attention, formation of the skill of correct posture. Description of the game: Children walk in a circle one after another, hitting the ball off the floor. At the “Stop” signal, they stop and stand for 3 seconds, then 5, 10 seconds, taking the correct posture. At the “Hop” signal, they move in a leap, holding the ball in front of them, and when “One” sounds, they run around their ball once and continue moving in the original direction. The one who makes a mistake and the one who stands crookedly or moves at the “Stop” signal leaves the game. Rules of the game: While walking in a circle, keep a distance of two steps so as not to bump into each other, run around the fitball without touching it. 15. OPPOSITE MOVEMENTS Objectives: To promote the development of concentration and the formation of the skill of correct posture. Description of the game: In all variants, self-control of posture a) Children stand in two ranks opposite each other, simultaneously performing two opposite movements to the music at the beginning of each measure. One line does a squat for the ball and straightening up on your toes, and the other, on the contrary, does a straightening, raising up on your toes and squatting for the ball. b) Sitting on the balls. One line does a clap over the head and a clap on the thighs, and the other, on the contrary, does a clap on the hips and above the head. 16. TRAPS FOR Smeshariki Objectives: To develop the vestibular apparatus, reaction speed; promote the formation of the skill of correct posture; consolidation (improvement) of the skill of jumping on a fitball; increase in emotional tone. Description of the game. A trap is selected using a counting rhyme. At the teacher’s signal: “One, two, three, catch Smesharikov!” — children jump on the ball in different directions around the hall. A trap without a ball catches children by touching with their hand. The caught children move aside. When 3-4 children are caught, a new trap is selected and the game continues with the participation of all children. Rules of the game: You can jump only after the words “Catch Smesharikov!”; The one who is touched by the trap is considered caught; before words, fixation of correct posture from a position sitting on the ball. 17. HOT BALL Objectives: Formation of a vertical posture in a sitting position, development of balance, coordination of movements, attention. Game description: Children sit in a circle in an i.p. – sit on your heels, taking the correct posture. On command, they begin to pass the fitball from hand to hand clockwise. On the command “Stop!” the ball stops on a player who is eliminated from the game. The game continues until one child remains - the winner. Options: a) At the command of the leader, the direction of passing the fitball changes. b) If there are a large number of players in the game, two fitballs are used. 18. RELAY RACE WITH FITNESS BALLS Objectives: Development of reaction speed, speed of movement, attention, coordination of movements, instilling responsibility and a sense of camaraderie. Description of the game: The game is played in the form of a relay race. At the starting line, all players line up in two columns. On command, the first ones begin to move forward, bouncing the fitball off the floor. They run to the wall (stand), catch the ball, come back, pass it to the next person on the team, stand at the end of the column and take the correct posture. The team that finishes first wins. Variations of the game: a) Dribbling football is carried out with the right hand, on the way back - with the left. b) Each team starts with two people and while moving they pass the fitball (ball) to each other. 19. PUSH - CATCH Objectives: Developing reaction speed, concentration, increasing emotional tone. Game description: Children are distributed in pairs, each pair has a fitball. One sits, the other stands at a distance of 2-3m. The person sitting pushes the ball to his partner, quickly gets up and catches the ball thrown to him. After several repetitions, the children change roles. Rules of the game: Throw the ball at random, but try to get into the hands of a friend. 20. KANGAROO Objectives: Development of agility, speed-strength qualities, coordination abilities, attention, eye, strengthening the skill of correct posture and jumping on a fitball, increasing emotional tone. Description of the game: The “trapper” is hiding in ambush, in front of him is a basket with small medicine balls. At the signal: “One - two - three - start the game!” “kangaroo” children jump on balls around the hall in different directions, and the trapper shoots sleeping pills (medicine balls) at them, the one who was hit by the trapper moves to a certain place, sits on the ball, takes the correct posture and falls asleep. The game is repeated 2-3 times. Rules of the game: The trapper is selected using a counting rhyme. The game begins and ends at the instructor's signal. Light background music is possible. 21. BOWLING Objectives: Development of agility, speed-strength qualities, eye, increasing the emotional background. Description of the game: Children stand in a line on one side of the hall, each has a fitball in their hands, opposite each child, there are skittles or any other suitable object at a certain distance. On command, children push the fitball forward along the floor with both hands, trying to knock down their pin. Rules of the game: Everyone pushes the ball at the same time, clearly on command, and everyone also runs after the ball together only on command. Once put in place, the pins will return to their original location. Repeat the exercise 3-4 times. The command for pushing the fitball is accompanied by the words: We must now use the ball to knock down a heavy object. The ball must try, Our fitball is funny. 22. JUMPERS - Merry People. (author's) Objectives: Development of agility, speed-strength qualities, coordination abilities, attention, strengthening the skill of correct posture and jumping on a fitball, increasing emotional tone. Description of the game: Children are located throughout the hall with a fitball in their hands at a distance of at least 1.5 m from each other. Fitballs are placed on the floor, and pointing at your ball with your hands, they say the following words: The ball is inflated, the ball is pot-bellied. All the guys love it.
Let's sit on it - it doesn't cry, it just jumps more joyfully. (M.A. Davydova) After these words, the children sit on fitballs and begin to jump around the entire hall in different directions to the accompaniment of music.
As soon as the music ends, the children stop and take a sitting position on the fitball, while maintaining correct posture. If there is no musical accompaniment, then the stop occurs at the instructor’s signal. The game is repeated 2-3 times. Rules of the game: When jumping, do not collide with your comrades. 23. RUNNERS - Merry People. (author's) Objectives: Development of dexterity, coordination abilities, attention, strengthening the skill of correct posture, increasing emotional tone. Description of the game: Children say the words: We will deftly run around the ball.
We need to be able to do it so quickly, quickly and easily, so as not to hit the ball. (M.A. Davydova) After these words, the children begin to run around the fitballs.
The game can be played in two versions and is repeated 2 times. Options: a) Children are located throughout the hall at a distance of at least 1.5 m from each other. The fitball is on the floor in front of each player. After the words have been spoken, the children each begin to run around their own fitball. The run is accompanied by musical accompaniment; when the musical accompaniment changes, the children change direction. When the music stops, children take a sitting position on the ball, while maintaining correct posture. b) Fitballs are located at the same distance from each other along the perimeter of the gym. Children line up in a column, two steps apart. After the spoken words, the children begin to lightly run between the fitballs, while maintaining the specified distance. The run is accompanied by musical accompaniment. After the music ends, the children also take a sitting position on their fitball. Maintaining correct posture is mandatory. When repeating the game, children change the direction of movement. Rules of the game: The music ends when the first child reaches his fitball. 24. GAME – “KOLOBOK” RELAY RACE Objectives: Developing agility, coordination abilities, attention, memory, developing team spirit, increasing emotional tone. Description of the game: The players are divided into two teams and line up in columns in front of the starting line. The team captains have fitballs (koloboks) in their hands. The children say in chorus: Our cheerful bun rolled onto the meadow.
Whoever returns it quickly will bring a prize to the team. After these words, the instructor gives a command, and the team captains begin to move:
a) The first participants begin to move forward, rolling the “bun” on the floor, go around the counter and return in the same way, pass the “bun” to the next player, and themselves stand at the end of their columns. When the first players are again in front and the last player passes the ball to them, they raise it up, thereby showing that their team has completed the task. b) The first participants lift the fitball over their heads and, bending back, pass it to the next player. The team players standing last, having received the “bun”, run forward with it and stand in front of their team. The game continues until the captains are again ahead. 25. Naughty BUNNY (author's) Objectives: Development of dexterity, vestibular apparatus, rhythm of movements and the ability to coordinate them with words, attention, strengthening the skill of correct posture, increasing emotional tone. Description of the game: Children, on command, jump on balls in a column, saying together with the instructor rhythmically, at a certain pace, the following text: We are bunnies!
We jump in an even circle one after another. Stop! We sat down. What about the backs? The backs are like in the picture. After the word “stop”, the children stop and take the correct posture while sitting on the ball.
The game is repeated 2-3 times. Rules of the game: With each repetition of the game, change the direction of movement. Notes: 1. The recommended number of children for exercise with a fitball is 12. 2. Fitballs must be of the appropriate size. The fitball is selected for each child individually according to height so as to ensure a 90° angle between the torso and thigh, thigh and lower leg, lower leg and foot when seated. Optimal ball sizes: for children 3-4 years old – 45cm; for children 5-6 years old – 50cm; for children 6-7 years old – 55cm. 3. Children should know safety precautions when playing with a fitball. 4. Children must know the correct position on the fitball and be able to correctly lie on the fitball with their stomach and back.

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Compiled by: physical education instructor

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Ball on the floor

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Get into the circle

Ball in a circle

Hit and catch

Ball uphill

Ball uphill 2

Ball uphill against the wall from a hill

Whose ball will fly farthest?

Ball shot

Chasing the ball

From hoop to hoop

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Get to the wall

Catch the ball

Roll the ball

Catch the bounced ball

Ball towards the ball

Hit the ball

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