Objectives of spiritual and moral education

The concept and content of spiritual and moral education

Definition 1
Spiritual and moral education is a purposefully organized pedagogical process of assimilation and acceptance by students of cultural, spiritual and moral values.

The essence of spiritual and moral education lies in the consistent expansion and strengthening of the value sphere of the child’s personality, the formation of his ability to find, see, perceive and evaluate beauty on the basis of cultural and moral norms and traditions.

Main directions of spiritual and moral education:

Fostering love for the Motherland, developing patriotism, respect for the rights and freedom of every person.
Education of aesthetic consciousness and moral feelings.
Fostering hard work, a positive attitude towards work, learning and life.
Formation and development of a value-based attitude towards a healthy lifestyle, one’s health, love and respect for family, nurturing family values.
Fostering a respectful and valuable attitude towards the surrounding world, nature, and native land.
Cultivating a value-based attitude towards aesthetically beautiful things, forming ideas about ideals and values.

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Principles of spiritual and moral education:

the principle of personal moral example;
the principle of socio-pedagogical partnership between all participants in the educational process;
the principle of individuality in education;
the principle of integration of educational programs;
the principle of relevance and relevance of education.

The concept of spiritual and moral education and development of a Russian citizen: goals and objectives

Elena Smirnova

The concept of spiritual and moral education and development of a Russian citizen: goals and objectives

The most important goal of modern domestic education and one of the priority tasks of society and the state is education , social and pedagogical support for the formation and development of a highly moral , responsible, creative, proactive, competent citizen of Russia .

In the field of personal development, the education of students should ensure:

• readiness and ability for spiritual development , moral self-improvement, self-esteem, understanding the meaning of one’s life, individually responsible behavior;

• readiness and ability to realize creative potential in spiritual and subject-productive activities, social and professional mobility based on moral standards, continuous education and the universal spiritual and moral attitude of “becoming better”

;

• strengthening morality based on freedom, will and spiritual national traditions, the internal attitude of the individual to act according to his conscience;

• the formation of morality as a person’s conscious need for certain behavior, based on socially accepted ideas about good and evil, proper and unacceptable;

• development of conscience as a person’s moral self-awareness, the ability to formulate one’s own moral obligations, exercise moral self-control, demand from oneself the fulfillment of moral standards, and give moral self-evaluation of one’s own and others’ actions;

• acceptance by the individual of basic national values, national spiritual traditions ;

• willingness and ability to express and defend one’s public position, critically evaluate one’s own intentions, thoughts and actions;

• the ability to take independent actions and actions based on moral choice, taking responsibility for their results, determination and persistence in achieving results;

• hard work, frugality, optimism in life, ability to overcome difficulties;

• awareness of the value of other people, the value of human life, intolerance to actions and influences that pose a threat to life, physical and moral health, spiritual security of the individual, the ability to counteract them;

• love of freedom as the ability for conscious personal, professional, civic and other self-determination and development in combination with the moral responsibility of the individual to the family, society, Russia , and future generations;

• strengthening faith in Russia , a sense of personal responsibility for the Fatherland before past, present and future generations.

In the sphere of social relations, the spiritual and moral development and education of students should ensure:

• awareness of oneself as a citizen of Russia based on the acceptance of common national moral values;

• the readiness of citizens to stand in solidarity against external and

internal calls;

• development of a sense of patriotism and civic solidarity ;

• caring for the welfare of the multinational people of the Russian Federation , maintaining interethnic peace and harmony;

• awareness of the unconditional value of the family as the fundamental basis of our belonging to the multinational people of the Russian Federation , the Fatherland;

• understanding and maintaining such moral principles of the family as love, mutual assistance, respect for parents, care for younger and older people, responsibility for another person;

• careful attitude towards human life, concern for procreation;

• law-abiding and law and order consciously maintained by citizens ;

• spiritual , cultural and social continuity of generations.

In the sphere of state relations, the spiritual and moral development and education of students should contribute to:

• creating motivation for active and responsible participation in public life, the formation of power and participation in government affairs;

• strengthening and improving a democratic federal rule of law state with a republican form of government;

• increasing trust in government institutions on the part of citizens and public organizations;

• increasing the effectiveness of government efforts aimed at modernizing the country; strengthening national security. [10 p.12]

In recent years, President V.V. Putin has been paying close attention to the problem of spiritual and moral education . In his message to the Federal Assembly in 2012, he assessed the state of affairs in the spiritual and moral sphere as a “demographic and value catastrophe”

, which occurred as a result of the loss of many moral guidelines. He said: “if a nation loses life guidelines and ideals, it does not need an external enemy, everything
will fall apart on its own ” and set the task of “strengthening the strong spiritual and moral foundation of society .” Listing the measures that will contribute to the accomplishment of this task , the President said: “I ask the Government to prepare a program for the full development of the educational component in school .” For the first time in post-Soviet times, the president of the country formulated a standard for the education of a young man : “Formation of a moral, harmonious person, a responsible citizen of Russia .”
In his message to the Federal Assembly in 2016, V.V. Putin, speaking about the basic tasks of education , noted Academician D.S. Likhachev, quoting: “To give knowledge and educate a moral person. The moral basis is the main thing that determines the viability of society, economically, governmentally, and creatively.”

Ensuring the spiritual and moral development and upbringing of the personality of a Russian citizen is a key task of modern state policy of the Russian Federation . Law-abidingness, law and order, trust, development , the quality of work and social relations - all this directly depends on the adoption by Russian citizens of national and universal values and their adherence to them in personal and public life.

The Law of the Russian Federation “On Education”
(Article 9, paragraph 1)
establishes that “the basic general educational programs of primary general, basic general and secondary
(complete)
general education ensure the implementation of the federal state educational standard, taking into account the type and type of educational institution, educational needs and requests of students,
pupils and include the curriculum, work programs of training courses, subjects, disciplines (modules)
and other materials that ensure
the spiritual and moral development , education and quality of training of students.”
Thus, the spiritual and moral development and education of students is the primary task of the modern educational system and represents an important component of the social order for education.

The content of spiritual and moral development and education of the individual is determined in accordance with basic national values and acquires a certain character and direction depending on what values society shares and how their transmission from generation to generation is organized.

Spiritual and moral development and education of the individual as a whole is a complex, multifaceted process. It is inseparable from a person’s life in all its completeness and inconsistency, from family, society, culture, humanity as a whole, from the country of residence and the cultural and historical era that shapes the way of life of the people and human consciousness.

The scope of pedagogical responsibility in this process is determined by the following provisions:

• the efforts of society and the state today are aimed at instilling in children and youth an active citizenship , a sense of responsibility for their country;

• general education, building partnerships with other institutions of socialization, is the main institution of pedagogical influence on the spiritual and moral development of the personality of a Russian citizen . At the same time, the main subject realizing the goals of spiritual and moral development and education , determining the immediate ways and methods of achieving them based on the experience and traditions of domestic pedagogy, their own pedagogical experience, is the teaching staff of a general education institution;

• the content of the spiritual and moral development and education of students , the activities of teaching staff of general education institutions should be focused on the goals towards which the efforts of society and the state are directed today.

Thus, the sphere of general education is designed to ensure the spiritual and moral development and education of the student’s personality for the formation and development of his citizenship , the adoption by a Russian citizen of national and universal values and the following of them in personal and public life.

The bearers of basic national values are the various social, professional and ethno-confessional groups that make up the multinational people of the Russian Federation . Accordingly, the spiritual and moral development of a citizen of Russia within the framework of general education is carried out in a pedagogically organized process of conscious perception and acceptance by the student of values:

• family life;

• cultural and regional community;

• the culture of its people, a component of which is a value system corresponding to the traditional Russian religion ; Russian civil nation ;

• world community.

Spiritual and moral development and education of the individual begins in the family. The values of family life, acquired by a child from the first years of life, are of enduring importance for a person at any age. Relationships in the family are projected onto relationships in society and form the basis of human civil behavior .

The next stage of development of a Russian citizen is the individual’s conscious acceptance of traditions, values, special forms of cultural-historical, social and spiritual life of his native village, city, district, region, region, republic. Through family, relatives, friends, the natural environment and social environment, concepts such as “Fatherland”

,
“small homeland”
,
“native land”
,
“native language”
,
“my family and clan”
,
“my home”
.

A higher level of spiritual and moral development of a Russian citizen is the acceptance of the culture and spiritual traditions of the multinational people of the Russian Federation . Russian identity and culture can be compared to the trunk of a mighty tree, the roots of which form the cultures of the multinational people of Russia . An important stage in the development of civic consciousness is rootedness in the ethnocultural traditions to which a person belongs by virtue of his origin and initial socialization.

The level of Russian civic identity is the highest stage of the process of spiritual and moral development of the personality of a Russian , his civic , patriotic education . A person becomes a Russian who masters the cultural riches of his country and the multinational people of the Russian Federation , realizing their significance, features, unity and solidarity in the fate of Russia .

An important property of the spiritual and moral development of a Russian citizen is openness to the world and dialogue with other national cultures.

Programs for the spiritual and moral development and education of schoolchildren , developed and implemented by educational institutions together with other subjects of socialization, must ensure full and consistent identification of the student with his family, cultural and regional community, and the multinational people of the Russian Federation , open to dialogue with the world community.

Material on the topic “System of spiritual and moral education in secondary school”

System of spiritual and moral education

from the experience of the municipal educational institution “Novinskaya Secondary School”

“The best teacher for a child is the one who, while communicating spiritually with him, forgets that he is a teacher and sees in his student a friend, like-minded person. Such a teacher knows the innermost corners of his student’s heart, and the word in his mouth becomes a powerful instrument of influence on a young, emerging personality. The creation of an environment that encourages moral behavior and moral actions depends on the teacher’s sensitivity to the spiritual world of students.”

V.A. Sukhomlinsky.

It is no coincidence that the words of V.A. were chosen as the epigraph of our seminar. Sukhomlinsky. Today, in my opinion, based on many years of experience in an educational organization, the danger facing society is the destruction of the individual.

Childhood is always turned to the future with hope, no matter how merciless the present may be. And children, as a rule, wait for adults to show them the path that will determine their life. Will we call them to the Light or leave them in the darkness of ignorance? Our tomorrow depends on it.

We are all adults who wish the best for children. We need to protect them from everything that is not pure, from everything that is bad. There is no one-size-fits-all advice on how to raise a child. Each child is unique, and so is our relationship with him. But, nevertheless, it is necessary to make every effort to ensure that spiritual and moral qualities prevail in the formation of the child’s personality: kindness, love, humanity, mercy, sensitivity, tolerance.

All of the above is taken into account in the federal state educational standards of general education of the second generation, namely in the “Concept of spiritual and moral development and education of the personality of a citizen of Russia”: “The most important goal of modern domestic education and one of the priority tasks of society and the state is education, social and pedagogical support formation and development of a highly moral, responsible, creative, proactive, competent citizen of Russia.”

The educational space of the municipal educational institution "Novinskaya Secondary School" is a system of conditions and opportunities for personal self-development, formed by individual subjects of this space - children, teachers, parents.

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The purpose of the educational work of our school:

creating conditions for the formation and development of personality traits based on moral values and the historical experience of Russia, aimed at creating an active life position.

Among the educational tasks, one of the fundamental ones is the task of spiritual and moral education.

Our system of spiritual and moral education is aimed at organizing the moral structure of school life, including educational, academic, extracurricular and socially significant activities of students.

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Spiritual and moral education of students is carried out:

1) in lessons during the learning process, through studying a new subject in the 4th grade - “Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture”;

2) through extracurricular activities - the system of additional education, school self-government, socially significant activities, traditions.

3) participation in regional events of spiritual and moral orientation;

4) work with the teaching staff;

5) interaction with parents and social partners.

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Spiritual and moral education at the Novinskaya Secondary School is implemented in several areas.

Education of citizenship, patriotism, respect for human rights, freedoms and responsibilities.

Part of spiritual education is patriotic education, the purpose of which is to instill a sense of patriotism, an active civic position, involvement in the heroic history of the Russian state, and the formation of loyalty to the Motherland and readiness to serve the Fatherland in the younger generation.

Patriotic education is carried out through a system of traditional events and the introduction of new forms of work.

Traditional events:

events dedicated to the defeat of Nazi troops at Stalingrad (February);

military-patriotic month dedicated to Defender of the Fatherland Day (February);

events dedicated to Victory Day in the Great Patriotic War (April-May);

events dedicated to historical events, Days of Military Glory.

Various forms of work are used: quizzes, issues of thematic newspapers and posters, reading competitions, song competitions, Lessons of courage, holidays, military sports competitions, memorial evenings, meetings with veterans-internationalists of local conflicts, competitive educational programs, crafts and drawings competitions, musical and literary compositions, presentation competitions.

Education of citizenship is carried out through events:

week of legal knowledge,

tolerance day,

work of school self-government bodies,

participation in district, regional and all-Russian competitions,

themed classroom hours.

One of the most important principles of the modern education system is reliance on the initiative and creativity of students. This principle is implemented in the form of student self-government. Self-government plays an important role in the formation of moral qualities of students. A children's organization "Spring" has been created at the school. The children participate in planning, organizing and conducting educational activities.

Social events are carried out:

"Congratulations!"

"Day of Good Deeds"

"A veteran lives nearby"

"Care".

Local history is one of the forms of education of a spiritual and moral personality. The active participation of schoolchildren in local history work broadens their horizons, introduces them to the economic life of Russia, fosters love for their small homeland, pride in their people, unites students into a friendly team, and helps strengthen school discipline.

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Since October 2008, the Village History Museum has been created at the school. Which allows students not only to expand and deepen their knowledge of the history of their native land, but also develops creative abilities, the ability to independently work with sources, engage in search and research work, cultivate strong-willed qualities, and a civic attitude towards national history.

Fostering diligence, a creative attitude to learning, work, life:

organization of school duty, labor landings, cleanup days, excursions to production, landscaping of the school grounds.

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3) Education of moral feelings and ethical consciousness.

A system-forming type of activity that promotes the development of traditions and values of folk culture is cognitive collective activity. The key event takes place in the form of a theatrical holiday - “Golden Autumn”, “Christmas gatherings”, “Maslenitsa”, etc. Parents are actively involved in the preparation and holding of such holidays.

4) Formation of a value-based attitude towards health and a healthy lifestyle.

In extracurricular activities, events are held with students to promote a healthy lifestyle, which is carried out through drawing and poster competitions. The following are held: thematic classes as part of the school educational program “Health”; social events, the guys distribute leaflets promoting a healthy lifestyle. There are many outdoor activities. These are days of health, Zarnitsa, athletics and skiing competitions. Nurturing the needs for a healthy lifestyle is also carried out in the classes of the tourist club, where children learn to overcome difficulties in camping conditions and strengthen their body and character.

The healthy lifestyle that a schoolchild is taught must be implemented every day at home, that is, reinforced and filled with practical content. There is a lecture course for parents on developing the foundations of a healthy lifestyle in family education.

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5) Nurturing a value attitude towards nature and the environment is carried out through various activities aimed at:

developing interest in nature, natural phenomena and forms of life, understanding the active role of man in nature;

value attitude towards nature and all forms of life;

basic experience in environmental activities;

caring for plants and animals.

It has become a good tradition to hold the “Live Spring” and “Clean Shore” campaigns every year at the end of May: children clean the banks of reservoirs from garbage.

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6) Fostering a value-based attitude towards beauty, forming ideas about aesthetic ideals and values.

Traditional events:

* Organizing exhibitions of crafts, creative works, drawings for calendar and historical dates.

* “Teacher, in front of your name...”, a concert and creative program of a group of school students dedicated to Teacher’s Day.

* Photo exhibitions on various topics.

* Discussion of books by famous writers about friendship, mercy, kindness and other universal values.

* Meetings with interesting people.

* Watching films and performances of the school theater group.

* New Year's decoration competition "New Year's Miracle".

*"Winter Fantasy" New Year's design competition for classrooms and school halls.

* New Year holiday.

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Spiritual and moral education at school is also carried out through the system of additional education, the organization of extracurricular activities in grades 1 - 4 (FSES), which includes the following areas: artistic creativity, cultural studies, sports, social, educational and cognitive.

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Working with parents.

It is impossible to raise a spiritual and moral personality in isolation from the family. In raising children, the family cannot be replaced by any other social institution; it plays an exceptional role in promoting the formation of a child’s personality.

School-wide meetings are held for parents on the topics: “Let’s talk about the rights of the child,” “Interaction between an educational institution and the family on issues of spiritual and moral education,” “Media safety,” etc.;

Parents take part in the preparation and conduct of school events.

Individual consultations and conversations with parents are held regularly.

The school provides social and psychological assistance to families. Parents take an active part in the work of the School Council.

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Methodological work with the teaching staff.

Issues of spiritual and moral education are regularly discussed at:

1) meetings of the school methodological association of class teachers,

2) pedagogical councils (“Spiritual and moral education in the educational space” 01/11/2012)

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Spiritual and moral education is not so much the transfer of intellectual knowledge as the kindling of a child’s soul, and this only happens from heart to heart, like a candle from a candle. The words of the ancient Greek writer and historian Plutarch fit perfectly here: “The student is not a vessel that needs to be filled, but a torch that needs to be lit.”

The most powerful and beautiful tree was certainly once thin and fragile. But on its cut, its early age is forever marked by the first thin ring - this is the core of the entire trunk. Childhood is the core part of every life. Therefore, everything that a child absorbs during these years is very important. It is difficult now to raise a healthy child, healthy both physically and mentally. Much depends on parents, but a lot also depends on us as teachers. Children take their first serious step into the world when they cross the threshold of school. If spiritual education was previously conducted by parents poorly, or not at all, now the teacher plays an important role in shaping the child’s views, and the education of the child’s spiritual and moral personality depends on him.

We all leave the land of childhood for a greater life, filled with joy and suffering, moments of happiness and sorrow. The ability to enjoy life and the ability to courageously endure difficulties is laid down in early childhood. Children are sensitive and receptive to everything that surrounds them, and they have a lot to achieve. To become kind to people, you need to learn to understand others, show empathy, honestly admit your mistakes, be hardworking, be amazed at the beauty of the surrounding nature, and treat it with care. Of course, it is difficult to list all the moral qualities of a person in the future society, but the main thing is that these qualities must be developed today. We really want our children to have a happy childhood. And it is important for us, adults, to find harmony between our adult calmness and childish excitement, so that the sparks of trust and mutual understanding in the eyes of our children do not go out.

The role of the school and the teacher’s personality in spiritual and moral education

Today's children are very different from schoolchildren who were even 10 years ago. They are more knowledgeable, self-confident, more often inclined to overestimate their awareness, neglect authorities and other people's opinions, they are characterized by superficial feelings and reluctance to think. Very often, nationality and citizenship mean little for primary school students; the importance of school life and education also lose importance. Literary heroes, famous compatriots, and teachers cease to be moral models.

Thoughts about a future profession have little to do with selfless service to others, life orientations are mercantile, children’s consciousness is directed towards personal interests, singers, football players, bankers, and action movie heroes become their idols.

Properly organized school life actively counters the examples of immoral and destructive behavior that capture children's consciousness through computer games and television shows.

Within the walls of the school, a cultural space is modeled where traditional moral principles are an absolute priority. But the values of high culture are perceived by the child only through his own activities.

A lesson is not something individual, but a place of collective experiences and actions, where children accumulate moral experience, they learn to work independently, listen, compare, defend opinions, and help others.

For younger schoolchildren, the teacher is in many ways a role model in manners and attitude towards children. If warmth and responsiveness reign in the class, and the teacher cares about his students, then the relationships between classmates become the same. Elders, as in the family, should pay attention not only to children’s success in reading and mathematics, but also to their spiritual and moral development; upbringing and the learning process in primary school are inextricably linked .

Moral education of junior schoolchildren

Problems of spiritual and moral education of schoolchildren in the modern education system

The problem of spiritual and moral education is very relevant in modern Russian society. Russia leads among most countries in the world in terms of child drunkenness, drug addiction, crime, and suicide. The number of street children and orphans exceeds the number of difficult post-war years.

Our country has always pursued the goal of educating a spiritual and moral person - an ideal citizen. The task of the modern educational system is also the spiritual and moral development and education of students and represents an important component of the social order for education. Education plays a key role in the spiritual and moral unity of society, but individual values begin to take shape for the first time, primarily in the family. The process of a person’s assimilation of patterns of behavior, values and norms accepted in society in specific social communities is called socialization, and every person, especially in childhood, adolescence and adolescence, is an object of socialization. Structural groups or environments in which the most important processes of socialization take place are called agents of socialization. The first collective where the child develops and the foundations of the future personality are laid, the primary agent of socialization is his family, followed by agents of secondary socialization, such as the church, kindergarten, school, higher education institutions, army, and work collective. At the moment of primary socialization, parents carry out the process of guardianship and care for the child, introduce him to social life; the behavior of parents is a clear example of how to behave in various situations. Some parents do not want to, others cannot due to pedagogical illiteracy, others do not attach due importance to the process of family education. Consequently, each family has only its own inherent educational potential.

Further, a significant amount of information about the world, material and spiritual values, norms and rules of behavior in society is conveyed by teachers in educational institutions. The school becomes a place of communication, where children experience friendship, first love and enmity. Adaptation also occurs for the development of a teenager; it is necessary to create conditions that would ensure his socialization in all spheres of social life, the development of creative potential, the formation of abilities and appropriate physical development. In the process of socialization of the individual, at the stage of preparation for work, carried out primarily in the process of education and upbringing, professionally significant qualities and social and moral attitudes and values of the young person, the socio-psychological qualities of his personality are formed. The most systematic, consistent and deep spiritual and moral development and personal upbringing occurs in the sphere of education. Therefore, it is at school that not only the intellectual, but also the spiritual and cultural life of the student should be concentrated.

The methodological basis for the development and implementation of the federal state educational standard of general education is the concept of spiritual and moral development and education. The key feature of the standard is that it is not limited to a system of subject knowledge, skills, and abilities, but includes a system of spiritual and moral values and is focused on the personal development of students.

The modern national educational ideal is a highly moral, creative, competent citizen of Russia, who accepts the fate of the Fatherland as his own, aware of responsibility for the present and future of his country, rooted in the spiritual and cultural traditions of the multinational people of the Russian Federation. The sources of morality are: our country Russia, its multinational people, civil society, family, work, art, religion, science, humanity, nature. The efforts of the main subjects of national life are aimed at the education, training and development of the individual: the state, family, school, political parties, religious and public organizations, and the media. A special role is assigned to the school, since it is the only social institution through which all Russian citizens pass. That is why the school, and in particular the teacher, when solving the problems of education, must rely on the rational and moral in a person, help each student determine the value foundations of his own life. Every teacher who has the opportunity to influence the upbringing of a child must give this task the most important role in his activities.

The solution to the problem of spiritual and moral education lies not in separate hours, but in creating a spiritual atmosphere in the school that would contribute to the spiritual development of the student’s personality.

The goal of modern education, one of the priority tasks of society and the state, is to educate a responsible, proactive, competent and spiritually developed citizen of Russia.

The first natural place for the education of piety should be the family of origin, and the first educators should be parents. If a child is raised in piety from infancy, he will know and try to fulfill moral standards. A. S. Makarenko considered one of the reasons for the appearance of “difficult” children to be abnormal relationships between children, youth and adults - in the family, at school; and one cannot but agree with him. All efforts of society were aimed at ensuring that children successfully master the “sum of knowledge.” In our country, in recent years, all the most important documents on education have been adopted, which focus on preserving the spiritual and moral components in the upbringing of the younger generation. The modern school, actively influencing the formation of students’ worldview, contributes to their spiritual and moral development, makes a certain contribution to solving problems related to overcoming the spiritual crisis in society (the increase in childhood crime, alcoholism, drug addiction, suicide, homelessness, the occult, etc. ), and the upbringing of a person for whom the norms, rules and requirements of public morality would act as his own views, beliefs, as deeply meaningful and habitual forms of behavior acquired due to an internal attraction to good.

Today the secondary school faces the following tasks:

- help students develop not only intellectual, physical, but also spiritual abilities; realize interests and inclinations: develop personal moral beliefs, tolerance for a different way of life;

- teach understanding, methods of working in a team; careful and caring attitude towards the environment and each other;

- create conditions for the development of independent creative thinking; for students to satisfy their spiritual needs;

- encourage self-expression and self-confidence.

Today, spiritual and moral education cannot be represented by separate lessons in the educational process; it is implemented every week thanks to the work of the class teacher and the class hour he conducts, and the school also realizes its moral education capabilities through Education and Socialization Programs, which are comprehensive in nature and carried out according to five directions:

Lesson activities (the content of educational subjects is educational in nature);
Extracurricular activities (circles, sections, clubs and other forms of additional education);
Extracurricular activities (extracurricular activities such as excursions, charity, environmental events);
Family education;
Studying the cultural foundations of traditional Russian religions.

There can be eight educational and socialization programs: patriotism, social solidarity, citizenship, traditional Russian religions, family, work and creativity, nature and art, humanity.

An important condition for pedagogical management is to obtain objective information about the implementation of programs for the education and socialization of schoolchildren. Assessment of students' personal achievements in the process of spiritual and moral development can be carried out using a portfolio. This is a way of recording, accumulating and evaluating by teachers, parents and the student himself the results of his spiritual and moral development. It carries out the consistent accumulation of the results of the student’s fulfillment of educational tasks within the framework of the corresponding educational program. Portfolio technology makes the process of a student’s spiritual and moral development open, objective and correctable by teachers and parents.

Recently, there has been a revival of children's and youth organizations. This process contributes to the unification of students, the development of patriotism and self-identity in them.

Interaction with teenagers in the process of socialization should:

- be based on the principles of spiritual and moral education by agents of primary and secondary socialization together (such work will be successful provided that it is carried out both by the teaching staff and in the parental environment, and only then the necessary result will be achieved through joint efforts.

- introduce yourself purposefully and at all levels of education.

A great socializing influence on a teenager is exerted by: peer groups, all kinds of informal youth organizations, the media and electronic communications, which conduct propaganda destructive to the individual, cause a decrease in moral standards, and threaten the psychological health of the younger generation.

Currently, the most important source of problems in the socialization of adolescents is the replacement of moral values and the difficulty of adapting to the conditions of modern life without faith in the desire to find “their” ideals as something different and opposite to the values of the older generation. As well as improper upbringing or an erroneous family upbringing style, the presence of family disunity. The fruits of such upbringing will be unhappy when family values are destroyed and young people become wayward, daring, proud, wasteful, careless, families are disrupted, disobedience reigns, children argue about rights with their parents and go beyond the natural conditions of their lives.

The family and teachers must jointly make considerable efforts and prevent children from straying from a worthy path, preserve the unity of our country, our people, preserve the basic and uniting values of classical Russian culture and strengthen its spiritual source - the Orthodox faith.

Literature:

The concept of spiritual and moral development and education of the personality of a Russian citizen // Website of the publishing house “mosmetod.ru”. [Electronic resource] URL: https://mosmetod.ru/metodicheskoe-prostranstvo/nachalnaya-shkola/inklyuzivnoe-obrazovanie/fgos/kontseptsiya-dukhovno-nravstvennogo-razvitiya-i-vospitaniya-lichnosti-grazhdanina-rossii.html
Spiritual and moral education in secondary schools // Website of the publishing house “www.verav.ru”. [Electronic resource] URL: https://www.verav.ru/common/mpublic.php?num=11

3. Problems of socialization of adolescents // Website of the publishing house “mirznanii.com”. [Electronic resource] URL: https://mirznanii.com/a/211055/problemy-sotsializatsii-podrostkov