Card index of educational and research activities in the preparatory school group
Equipment:
1. Ice and snow in a small saucepan with a lid.
2. Electric stove.
3. Refrigerator (in a kindergarten, you can agree with the kitchen or medical office to place a test saucepan in the freezer for a while).
Experience 1:
Let's bring hard ice and snow home from the street and put them in a saucepan. If you leave them in a warm room for a while, they will soon melt and you will get water. What was the snow and ice like? The snow and ice are hard and very cold. What kind of water? It's liquid. Why did solid ice and snow melt and turn into liquid water? Because they got warm in the room.
Conclusion: When heated (increasing temperature), solid snow and ice turn into liquid water.
Experience 2:
Place the saucepan with the resulting water on the electric stove and boil. The water boils, steam rises above it, the water becomes less and less, why? Where does she disappear to? It turns into steam. Steam is the gaseous state of water. What was the water like? Liquid! What did it become? Gaseous! Why? We increased the temperature again and heated the water!
Conclusion: When heated (increasing temperature), liquid water turns into a gaseous state - steam.
Experience 3:
We continue to boil the water, cover the saucepan with a lid, put some ice on top of the lid and after a few seconds we show that the bottom of the lid is covered with drops of water. What was the steam like? Gaseous! What kind of water did you get? Liquid! Why? Hot steam, touching the cold lid, cools and turns back into liquid drops of water.
Conclusion: When cooled (temperature decreases), gaseous steam turns back into liquid water.
Experience 4:
Let's cool our saucepan a little and then put it in the freezer. What will happen to her? She will turn into ice again. What was the water like? Liquid! What did she become after freezing in the refrigerator? Solid! Why? We froze it, that is, we reduced the temperature.
Conclusion: When cooled (temperature decreases), liquid water turns back into solid snow and ice.
General conclusion: In winter it often snows, it lies everywhere on the street. You can also see ice in winter. What is it: snow and ice? This is frozen water, its solid state. The water froze because it was very cold outside. But then spring comes, the sun warms up, it gets warmer outside, the temperature increases, the ice and snow heat up and begin to melt. When heated (increasing temperature), solid snow and ice turn into liquid water. Puddles appear on the ground and streams flow. The sun is getting hotter and hotter. When heated, liquid water turns into a gaseous state - steam. The puddles dry up, gaseous steam rises higher and higher into the sky. And there, high up, cold clouds greet him. When cooled, the gaseous steam turns back into liquid water. Droplets of water fall to the ground, as if from a cold saucepan lid. What does this mean? It's rain! Rain occurs in spring, summer, and autumn. But it still rains the most in autumn. The rain is pouring on the ground, there are puddles on the ground, a lot of water. It's cold at night and the water freezes. When cooled (temperature decreases), liquid water turns back into solid ice. People say: “It was freezing at night, it was slippery outside.” Time passes, and after autumn winter comes again. Why is it snowing now instead of rain? And it turns out that while the water droplets were falling, they managed to freeze and turn into snow. But then spring comes again, the snow and ice melt again, and all the wonderful transformations of water are repeated again. This story repeats itself with solid snow and ice, liquid water and gaseous steam every year. These transformations are called the water cycle in nature.
