Effective socialization of a child determines his success in life. The social and personal development of preschoolers and all the tasks associated with it have always been relevant, but they are especially important now, when the amount of information is off the charts, and the exchange of it is very fast. In order not to get confused and find oneself, every person needs help in early preschool age, when his personality is being formed.
Communicative development is an important element of a child’s socialization
Parents mostly rely on various preschools to help children learn the basics of life in modern society. It is very important to use effective techniques that can develop the communication skills of each child in the best possible way.
The basis of behavior is emotional states
The introduction of communication skills with other people occurs through play - for preschool children this is the optimal, most suitable way of learning. In addition, it allows educators to see the characteristics of each child and possible communication problems.
What is socio-communicative development - definition
For example, one of the most important things that preschoolers need to be taught is to manage their emotions, since it is emotional states that determine an individual’s behavior; For effective development of personality and brain, it is necessary to teach a child to recognize emotions, their nature, recognize and use them.
While positive emotions are well perceived by the psyche of preschoolers and motivate them to develop further, negative emotions cause acute rejection. You also need to be able to accept this layer of emotions internally, because blocking will create deposits of aggression, resentment and discontent in the child’s subconscious: they can be expressed in communication problems and difficulties in further growing up.
The development of the emotional sphere must be given attention from the first days of life.
By managing their emotions, children will be able to overcome fears and insecurities, be aware of their behavior, avoid destructive and deviant behavior, and not commit rash acts.
Also, work on managing emotions contributes to the social and communicative development of preschoolers in the sense that they are able to determine the mental states of other people. Starting with the perception of basic emotions, with experience children begin to see more and more complex states; in some cases, this contributes to the development of empathy (full feeling of the emotional state of another person).
Content of the concept of communication
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In modern psychology, there are three sides to the communication process:
- communicative communication;
- the perceptual side of communication;
- interactive side of communication.
Communicative communication is the process of exchanging information between two or more interlocutors.
The perceptual side of communication is the process of interlocutors’ perception of each other; creating an atmosphere of mutual understanding is mandatory here.
The interactive side of communication includes the creation of certain conditions for the effective interaction of people with each other.
The process of developing communication skills involves teaching a person how exactly it is possible to convey a thought to an interlocutor so that it is understandable and there are no disagreements during the interaction process. In this process, accuracy and conciseness of speech are of great importance.
Communication errors are often associated with certain psychological difficulties that a person has. Among these difficulties are:
- isolation;
- shyness;
- anxiety.
These psychological characteristics most often act as an obstacle to the free expression of one’s thoughts and feelings.
Finished works on a similar topic
Course work Development of communication skills in an individual 490 ₽ Abstract Development of communication skills in an individual 230 ₽ Examination Development of communication skills in an individual 230 ₽
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Note 2
These obstacles to the free expression of one's thoughts are called communication barriers.
It should be noted that an individual’s communication abilities are not innate; thanks to targeted work on developing these qualities, a person has the opportunity to overcome his existing communication barriers.
Currently, psychologists have developed many trainings and activities aimed at developing communication abilities and overcoming barriers to communication.
Trainings that are aimed at developing communication skills have several levels and steps in their structure.
The first level is the development of the skills to convince your interlocutor of your point of view, skills of non-verbal communication and influencing the interlocutor, the ability to behave constructively in conflict situations.
At further levels, communication skills are honed, tactics and strategies for behavior in various life situations are developed.
Directions and tasks of social and communicative development of preschool children
There is a state standard that determines the directions of development of preschool children:
- Social and communicative development.
- Cognitive development.
- Speech development.
- Artistic and aesthetic development.
- Physical development.
Tasks of socio-communicative development - an expanded definition
In combination, they develop the social and communicative abilities of preschool children, the desire and ability to interact based on a positive perception of their peers.
This is quite complex work, which begins with the child recognizing himself as part of a large organism of society, perceiving himself and his interlocutor as separate and self-sufficient units (subjects) of communication.
Having realized this, the child learns to express his thoughts and emotions using different means: visually, verbally, through gestures and facial expressions. Children realize that they communicate with each other in the same language (in every sense), which helps to deepen mutual understanding.
After this, preschoolers are introduced to more complex norms of behavior and life in human society (the presence of certain roles in relationships, professions, etc.).
Communication in the family is the first stage of social and communicative development
Since all this happens in the form of various games, children accept new information easily and naturally. A whole system of game exercises has been developed, which includes:
- individual sessions;
- group work;
- integrated exercises.
This activity allows children to develop the desire and ability to cooperate, share experiences, interact in a team, easily express their thoughts and solve various problems. Games stimulate thinking, cognitive, research, visual, constructive and many other types of activities necessary for the development of a successful personality.
In kindergarten, children learn to communicate with peers
Games help preschoolers eliminate communication problems, process psychological blocks, and help express their thoughts and emotions in a constructive form that is useful to the whole group.
Communicative and personal development of preschool children
Victoria Rudneva
Communicative and personal development of preschool children
Communicative and personal development of children is associated with two concepts: communication and communication .
Communication is the interaction of two (or more)
people aimed at coordinating and uniting their efforts in order to establish relationships and achieve a common result.
The necessary conditions confirming the presence of real communication are: the ability to empathize, the ability to identify oneself with another person, the willingness to accept a different point of view.
Communication implies the inclusion of each participant in the dialogue. In addition to the mutual direction of actions during communication, its most important characteristic is the activity of each participant in communication.
Researchers identify three interrelated components in communication:
- the communicative side of communication - consists of the exchange of information between people;
- the interactive side of communication - consists of organizing interaction between people;
- the perceptual side of communication - the process of perception of each other by communication partners.
Communication functions:
1) organization of joint activities of people, i.e. coordination and unification of efforts to achieve a common result;
2) formation and development of interpersonal relationships;
3) people getting to know each other.
Communication ability includes:
- desire to make contact with others ( “I want”
);
- ability to organize communication ( “I can”
, characterized, in turn, by the ability to listen to the interlocutor, empathize emotionally, and resolve conflict situations;
- knowledge of the norms and rules that must be followed when communicating with others ( “I know”
).
All these conditions and criteria are manifested at all age stages of child development . At the same time, at each age, communication has its own specifics.
Preschool age is a unique period of intensive, comprehensive development of a child . At this age, initial key competencies are laid, the main one of which is communication .
Communication (eng. Communicate - report, transmit)
assumes:
— transferring the content of the socio-historical experience of humanity;
- exchange of thoughts and experiences about the internal and external world;
- encouraging and persuading interlocutors to act in a certain way to achieve a result;
— transfer of experience in various types of activities and ensuring their development.
Communication is the ability to communicate with peers and adults, understanding and awareness of oneself.
Communication is an important indicator of a child’s mental development . A person without communication cannot live among people.
Communication is not only an action, it is precisely an interaction: it is carried out between participants.
Communication activities involve:
1. Mutual enrichment of children with new learning experiences and forms of interaction.
2. Children’s mastery of different types of activities.
3. Establishing emotional interaction with children and adults.
Currently, the communicative development of a preschooler is alarming . It's no secret that television, computers and computer games have begun to replace communication and gaming activities for both children and adults. Communication and only live human communication enriches the lives of children!
The main objectives of psychological and pedagogical work are:
— development of free communication between pupils and adults and children;
— development of all components of children’s oral speech in various activities;
— practical mastery by students of the norms of Russian speech.
The development of free communication between pupils and adults and children occurs with the knowledge of the objective world.
It is in objective activity that cognitive activity arises.
Teacher's tasks:
1) Help the child enter the objective world, teach him to navigate its diversity, and correctly use objects for their intended purpose in different types of activities.
2) Cultivate a value-based attitude towards the objective world. Teach how to use and appreciate objects of material culture for their intended purpose.
The leading forms of pedagogical interaction should be educational situations and communication situations.
- conversations with children while performing routine tasks;
- conversations about the book you read;
- conversations while looking at illustrations;
- playing with a toy;
- communication while observing natural phenomena in a group and on a walk.
These forms are not only basic, but also the only ones for the development of speech in young and middle-aged children. An example of game educational situations ( “Learning to be polite”
,
“What the book told”
).
Practical situations include looking at a picture, an object, reading a literary text, learning a poem, etc. In older preschool age, practical educational situations with the inclusion of game situations become significant.
Children are encouraged to become correspondents, conduct interviews and make television reports. Such educational situations are aimed at stimulating children’s desire to ask questions, retell what they heard, and compose their own story based on the content they listened to.
of particular importance for the development of communication skills:
- labor; — constructive; - figurative,
which open up wide opportunities for the development of cooperation and communication.
As a result of such creative cooperation with an adult, the child is able to make small discoveries on his own, achieve success, experience joy and a new attitude towards his capabilities.
Principles for the development of communication abilities :
— the principle of intergativity (interrelation with other activities)
.
— variety of topics and working methods.
- maximum activity of children.
- cooperation of children with each other and with adults.
- teacher competence.
— the principle of an individual approach to children (differentiated approach)
.
— the principle of game presentation of material.
Types of motivations in the game:
- social - creating a situation of success, using praise, encouragement, the child’s right to make mistakes.
- meaningful - the formation of experience in collective and creative activity, the organization of individual work with children.
- pragmatic - strengthening children’s attention to a particular type of activity, developing cognitive interest.
a subject-development environment in the group room , which provides the opportunity to simultaneously engage in different types of activities.
Don’t bring down an avalanche of knowledge on your child -
Inquisitiveness and curiosity can be buried under an avalanche of knowledge.
Know how to reveal one thing to your child in the world around him,
but open it like this
so that a piece of life will sparkle in front of the children with all the colors of the rainbow.
Always leave something unsaid
so that the child wants to return again and again to what he has learned.
V. A. Sukhomlinsky
Problems of development of communication in modern children
But the main task of preschool communicative development is to awaken in the child the desire to communicate.
As you know, communication is the most important need of a person, without which he ceases to be a person; It is the ability to interact with each other that is the peculiarity of human civilization. Without communication, it is impossible to communicate socially, to find your place and purpose in life. This is the foundational activity for all other activities.
Play and communicative development are interconnected
The concept of effective communication consists of 4 components:
- desire to interact with people around you;
- know the norms and rules of behavior, perceive social roles in society;
- be able to communicate, listen, perceive emotions, conscious and unconscious signals from other people;
- resolve any conflicts in communication.
Despite the fact that all this seems quite natural, in the modern world the number of young children with problems in the development of communication skills is increasing.
Speech therapy games will help improve speech communication
This leads to the fact that the behavior of preschoolers becomes increasingly unbalanced: they are unable to take control of their emotions, communicate normally with peers, master speech, etc. All this, of course, affects the development of intellectual abilities and leads to a frightening lag in the normal development of all greater percentage of children.
Basic techniques for developing communication skills
From the point of view of psychology, communication abilities are the leading of all inherent in a person. They can and should be improved using techniques for developing communication skills.
Listen more.
It is impossible to build a competent dialogue without paying attention to what the interlocutor says. Very often people forget about the person with whom they are talking; they are used to talking only about themselves and their problems. It is difficult to communicate with such people, because they strive to express their opinions and can interrupt.
If you recognize yourself in these lines, don’t worry. Even this habit can be overcome.
The first rule is to listen carefully to your interlocutor and express your opinion only if the opponent himself asks for it. Think less about yourself and more about who you are talking to. This will show your interest and respect.
By listening carefully to your interlocutor, you can easily build a further dialogue strategy. To make the conversation more interesting, you need to correctly ask questions that require extended answers.
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which every woman should go through
Anika Snagovskaya
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I have prepared three lessons for you that will help you better understand yourself, remove the restrictions that prevent you from feeling loved and living happily.
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Take your gifts!
Don’t drag out your monologue: brevity is the sister of talent.
If you stretch out your answer too much, you may lose the interlocutor’s interest and desire to communicate further. In this case, you deprive yourself of the chance to hear the other participant in the conversation.
Work on your acting skills.
A person who has well-developed communication skills can easily change social roles. He is charming, relaxed and not afraid to show true eloquence. By developing acting communication skills, you simultaneously improve your oratory abilities and become as communicative as possible. It doesn’t matter where, with whom or in what mood you meet the actor, he will smile at you and tell you anything in rich colors.
Use of non-verbal means of communication.
Psychologists have proven that body language can say more than verbal means. By competently changing the tone, intonation, using gestures, you can convey your idea much easier and more clearly. For example, emotional speech looks more lively than monotonous phrases, and evokes positive emotions in the interlocutor (of course, if the message of the conversation is positive).
During a conversation, it is useful to change the tone of your voice, monitor your body movements, adjusting them depending on the response.
Responsible parents are the key to a child’s successful development!
That is why the timely assistance of preschool education workers is of fundamental importance - you need to send your children to special institutions on time and actively support their socialization.
The fact is that this process directly depends on the influence of parents, whom the child trusts absolutely. It is the influence of parents that is primary in relation to the social development of their child. Research and statistics show that if the mother and father are responsible and competent, then the preschooler himself is much more actively involved in social life and interaction with people.
Communication with a child in the family is the basis of social and communicative adaptation in society
Also, and vice versa: a low level of speech development arises primarily due to insufficient communication in the family, the so-called “personal experience”. This affects the intellectual and creative development of preschool children.
Thus, it becomes clear that the work of parents and educators in institutions is of equal importance for the social and communicative development of children. Moreover, these two points are closely interrelated with each other.
Successful results in the development of social and communication skills in preschoolers lay the foundation for unlocking creative potential, finding their place in the world and building success in life.
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Exercises and games for children to develop communication skills
1
Finish the story
This exercise will not only help develop communication skills in children, but will also lift their spirits. Start a story and invite your child to finish it. This exercise, although not based on dialogue, will teach you how to express thoughts in a coherent, logical manner. This way the child will learn to think and draw conclusions.
2
Getting rid of parasitic words
If your child already uses filler words like “well,” “um,” “what’s his name,” and others, you need to deal with this problem before it migrates into adulthood and becomes an ingrained habit.
Ask your child to tell the plot of his favorite fairy tale or cartoon. Tell him in advance what words he should not say and promise him small rewards if he succeeds.
This exercise will teach him to be conscious of his words, and will also clear his speech of debris.
3
What's happening in the picture?
This is one of those exercises that allows you to correctly express your thoughts, structure your story and be a good conversationalist.
Ask your child to explain what he sees in the picture. Encourage him to describe colors, people, scenery, and every detail he sees. For older children, ask what they think might have happened before the scene and what they think will happen later.
4
Guessing emotions
Take a fairy tale or story with emotional content. Start reading it to your child. Ask questions like this:
- Why was the main character angry?
- How does this character feel now? Why?
Increasing emotional intelligence will teach your child to read other people's emotions and respond accordingly. The best communicators are those who understand the feelings of others.
5
Improvisation
This exercise is great for children of all ages. Choose a topic that your child is familiar with or simply loves, and ask him to talk about it for 2 minutes. After that, complicate the task: choose a different topic and increase the time to 3 minutes.
6
Role-playing game
Make cards with different activities. Focus on the child's age. Cards may include:
- a game with a friend where you have to share a toy;
- argument with a friend;
- to be a teacher;
- to be frightened by something.
Pull out the cards. Have your child pretend to be what is on the card. This will help him learn to look at situations from other points of view, as well as understand people.
Now, here are some tips to help improve your child’s communication skills.
