You can teach a preschooler or elementary school student to read in different ways: through online courses with an individual teacher, using colorful mobile applications and classic paper textbooks.
You can start practicing as early as 3-4 years old, the main thing is to captivate the child and practice regularly. To maintain interest and improve reading skills, combine methods and use modern technology.
You can learn letters in animated alphabets, read syllables with audio-accompanied tasks, consolidate knowledge and practice with interactive exercises and mini-games, and a reward system will reinforce the child’s confidence in his abilities.
We have collected a variety of materials for you that will help you teach your child to read from scratch.
Online courses
Online reading school “Bright Lessons”
Website : https://readingschool.yarkiedeti.ru Phone Cost : 5000 RUR/course
36 interactive reading lessons for children from 3.5 to 7 years old.
The course includes:
- A set of exciting interactive games and exercises that will help your child easily learn to read
- A task to consolidate what has been learned and master new material
- Manuals for download
What will you need for classes?
- Printer (preferred)
- Zaitsev's cubes (simple cubes with letters and magnetic alphabet are also suitable).
- Paints, plasticine, paper
The scope of each lesson is designed so that the child has time to learn it in 3-4 days of repetition. You need to exercise 4-5 times a week, from 10 to 30 minutes.
Kidskey School
Website : https://kidskey.org Cost : free trial lesson; 130 USD per block of classes (about a month of training, 2 hours per week)
Reading course "Bukvaryata"
The course is a playful journey into the world of reading for children aged 4 years and older. Each task is a gaming technique that promotes the development of not only reading, but also the entire cognitive sphere of the child: speech, memory, auditory and visual perception, space.
Classes are held online, individually with a teacher at a time convenient for you. The duration of one lesson is about 1 hour. The lesson includes: an online lesson with a teacher (30-35 minutes) and interactive homework on the platform (15-30 minutes).
Course options for different ages and skill levels:
- from 1 to 6 months
- from 9 to 43 lessons
Course "Reading Trainer"
Suitable for children who have already learned to read from the Primer or have completed the Primer course. The child will consolidate the acquired knowledge, the reading speed will become higher, and the quality of understanding and memorizing the text being read will also improve. The course uses exercises that develop imagination and figurative memory.
Designed for 14 lessons (2 months). Each lesson is a separate simulator for reading words of the same structure. In each lesson, the child will read short texts, participate in game quizzes, and solve puzzles.
Reading school "InPro"
Website : https://msk.etginpro.ru Phone Cost : free trial lesson, 580 rubles/hour
Reading programs:
- “Learn to read” 4-7 years (learning from scratch)
- "Syllabic" 4-7 years ("Syllabic" method)
- “I read fluently” 4-7 years (teaching fluent reading skills)
Classes are held individually with a teacher at a time convenient for you via Skype. The lesson usually lasts 45 minutes. The remaining time is allocated to creating a working mood in the child and playing using special techniques.
Little Oxford School
Website : https://nahabino.smalloxford.ru Phone Cost : free trial lesson, from 650 RUR/lesson
Online training takes place on the zoom platform.
Learning to read from 3 years old
- Game-based learning
- Three techniques: Zaitsev’s cubes, Zhukova’s primer, Lomonosov school
Speed reading course for children from 6 years old:
- Basic (48 lessons)
- Advanced (72 lessons)
The course will help children:
- Read 2-3 times faster
- Increases the % of information remembered by 2-5 times
- Retell and correctly express your thoughts
When is the best time to start training?
At what age should children be able to read is a question many parents ask. This, first of all, depends on how psychologically prepared the child is for learning. But it should definitely be said that school should not begin immediately before school, when children are going to 1st grade.
Children can begin to be taught at the age of 3 years, if the child himself expresses a desire to do so. But you shouldn’t force them to sit down with books - this may discourage them from further learning.
The most optimal receptive age at which to prepare for 1st grade is 5 years. And in parallel with reading, children should be taught writing (for now only in printed letters), which will help them consolidate their reading skills.
How do you know when your child is ready?
To understand how to teach a child to read, you must first decide whether the child is ready for such learning. To do this, first test the degree of development of the child.
Make sure your child is ready to learn
- If children are already speaking in sentences, they are ready for the learning process.
- The development of phonetic hearing is an important factor. Correct perception of sounds, their differences and the ability to operate with them will help you quickly and easily teach your baby.
- A child who speaks incorrectly is not able to quickly learn to read, because... poorly perceives those phonetic sounds that he himself pronounces.
- If children do not have developed imaginative thinking, it will be difficult to teach them to read quickly - the process will turn out to be purely mechanical. And in the future, the procedure itself will be too tedious and uninteresting for the baby.
- The child must have the basics of logical reasoning, which allows him to compare facts in the learning process. Teaching reading by matching pictures and words
Learning platforms
Intellect School Online Reading Program
Website : https://learningathome.rf Cost : demo lesson free, subscription - from 900 rub./3 months.
The program consists of 82 logically structured lessons designed in the form of a game. Designed for children from 4 to 7 years old, both for beginners and for those children who already know letters and are trying to read.
The program is based on the methodology of syllabic reading. Each lesson begins with learning a new letter and reviewing the letters from the previous lesson. Then the syllable block is studied, in which the child, through repeated repetitions, remembers the image and sound of an entire syllable. The third block is reading words, phrases and sentences.
Each lesson ends with praise and the child receives stars. All tasks are completed for a time, you cannot go further without completing the previous task. You need to exercise at least 2 times a week, but no more than 4 times.
Online service IQsha
Website : https://iqsha.ru Cost : 10 tasks per day - free, unlimited subscription - from 2093 rubles / 6 months.
The website contains online exercises for children from 2 to 11 years old for learning letters, sounds, and reading syllables. Opportunities are presented for learning the alphabet, vowels and consonants, letters and sounds, adding syllables, reading the first words and distinguishing sounds in words, taking into account the preschooler’s hobbies.
Find identical words, play syllabic lotto, disenchant enchanted words - the lessons are equipped with colorful pictures and illustrations, which will allow you to learn in a playful way. For children under 6 years of age who have not yet learned to read, each task is voiced. If the tasks are completed correctly, children receive cups, medals and personalized diplomas.
10 online tasks are available every day. Pay for unlimited access and get the opportunity to study without restrictions and receive homework to print every week.
Online platform "Razumeikin"
Website : https://www.razumeykin.ru Phone , +7 (925) 914-67-25 Cost : subscription - from 390 rubles/month.
On the site you will find a set of interesting online exercises for preschoolers and primary schoolchildren of various difficulty levels. All tasks are selected taking into account the developmental characteristics of a child at a particular age.
Sections:
- Teaching reading and letters to preschoolers
- Reading for children 7-8 years old
- Reading for children 9-10 years old
Children will learn not only to disassemble letters and put them into words, but also to understand the meaning of the text they just read, meet their favorite literary characters and writers, and also get acquainted with new characters. Special thematic pictures and voiced text have been prepared for each task. Some exercises involve the motor sphere.
All exercises have visual and audio accompaniment, and a multi-level reward system during the study of the material will increase the child’s interest in learning tasks.
Youtube channel “Learning to read”
Website : https://www.youtube.com Cost : free
The channel contains video lessons for independent reading with children from 5 years of age and first graders, using which your child will learn to read: syllables, words by syllables, whole words, small sentences and continuous text.
How to properly teach a child to read?
The sooner a child is ready to perceive, the better - when he goes to 1st grade, he should master the basics of reading. Even if the baby goes to kindergarten, where he is taught using a special method, parents should also set aside time for joint activities.
How to approach the process itself correctly so that learning is easy? You cannot teach children by force - everything should happen in a playful way. When choosing a technique, you should also take into account the age at which training began.
It is necessary to develop the correct pronunciation of sounds
But in any case, you shouldn’t learn just letters - you should start with phonetic sounds. It will be easier for the child to associate the written symbol with the sound that he is accustomed to hearing.
Learning is easier if each lesson learned is repeated many times. From the moment you learn sounds to reading syllables, monitor your baby’s clear pronunciation of speech.
Stages of training
It is impossible to teach a child to read quickly without a special technique, as well as without an appropriate (consistent) systematics.
- Choose the right manual to teach your children. Recently, there are several options for primers on sale. Choose one that will be interesting to your child (you can go shopping with him). Even if there are fewer pictures there, it should be based on speech therapy techniques (for example, N.S. Zhukova’s alphabet).
Magnetic alphabet by N.S. Zhukova - When the manual is purchased, begin step-by-step learning of sounds:
– first learn all the vowels;
– then move on to mastering voiced hard consonants, paying attention to correct pronunciation;
- then comes the turn of dull sounds;
– leave the sizzling ones for last.
- Repeat each sound you learn before starting to learn the next one. “Repetition is the mother of learning” - this phrase should become the guiding thread of the entire learning process.
- In parallel with studying sounds, begin to form syllables (and the very first one can be “ma”, which will be close and sincere to the child). Read the syllable together with your baby, as if singing it. The child should have the feeling that the consonant sound seems to be striving for a vowel. This will help you pronounce sounds in pairs.
- Do not try to immediately form the learned syllables into words. Let the child first understand the principle of combining vowels and consonants in pairs. Consolidate your knowledge on simple syllables, gradually moving on to difficult to pronounce ones.
- Having taught your child to form syllables where the consonant sound comes first, proceed to a more complex structure where the vowel comes first (“om”, “ab”, etc.).
- Having become comfortable with individual syllables, transfer children to reading simple words. Start with those that consist of 2 syllables, then 3-syllables. But the first words that a child reads should be familiar to him and associated with understandable images.
Smartphone applications
IFOLICA applications
Website : https://ifolica.ru Cost : trial version - free, then - 85 rubles.
Interactive reading course for children from 3 years old. The course consists of separate applications, each of which is aimed at teaching a child to read step by step: pronouncing sounds, memorizing letters, reading syllables, reading words and reading sentences.
Applications are available on mobile devices with iOS and Android operating systems.
"Readings"
Website : https://uzelki.com; download on IOS: https://apps.apple.com Cost : 1490 rub.
Readings is a sequential educational game for children from 3 to 7 years old. It is drawn simply and clearly, and is also easy to use. The game has a story and sound: letters, spellings and words are spoken.
- Teaching reading according to the method of N. A. Zaitsev
- 40 Screens of a magical land
- 35 Mini-games that develop reading skills
- 500 words to read with illustrations and voiceovers
- 133 Sayings and riddles to read
- 132 Graphic letter templates
- 24 Metrics to Track Learning Progress
- Adaptive task difficulty
Gradually progressing through the game, the child will learn to read in an average time of 1 month (at the age of ~ 6 years) to 12 months (at 3-4 years).
“Reader.” Let's learn to read!
Download : Android https://play.google.com Cost : demo version - free, full version - 249 rubles.
“Reader” is designed for children from 1 to 7 years old. A child will be able to learn to read from scratch, even if he does not yet know the letters. The development of the application took into account the methodological ideas of Zaitsev, Doman, as well as the author’s many years of experience in teaching reading.
The application includes 10 levels, of which the first 4 are working with syllables and individual letters, and the next 6 are devoted to words. The levels are built on the principle of increasing difficulty. To make it more interesting for the child, educational tasks are interspersed with colorful mini-games.
“Luntik. Let's learn to read!
Download:
- Android: https://play.google.com
- iOS: https://apps.apple.com
Cost : demo version - free, full version - 119 rubles.
The application is designed for children from 1 to 7 years old. With this application, your child will learn to read from scratch, even if he does not yet know the letters. To make it more interesting for the child, educational tasks are interspersed with colorful mini-games.
The free version of the application includes 4 levels, the full version - 10 levels, of which the first 4 are working with syllables and individual letters, and the next 6 are dedicated to the word. The levels are built on the principle of increasing difficulty.
“Letters: learning to read by syllables for children 5-6 years old”
Download:
- iOS: https://apps.apple.com
- Android: https://play.google.com
Cost : free, includes in-app purchases
Children's app No. 1 according to Roskachestvo. “Bukovki” is a universal tool for composing any words using a convenient voiced keyboard, with which children learn to read.
In the application:
- Dividing words into warehouses and syllables
- Professional dubbing of sounds and warehouses
- Experience of existing methods of teaching reading (Zaitsev’s method, sound-letter method and others)
- Playful learning style
- Interactive thematic panoramas with many voiced objects
“Read it yourself syllable by syllable”
Download:
- iOS: https://apps.apple.com
- Android: https://play.google.com
Cost : demo version - free, full version - 159 rubles.
The child learns to read letters, syllables, and words himself. A 3-4 year old child will learn to read from scratch, and a 5-6 year old child will learn to read quickly by increasing their reading speed. The application uses words of 3-7 letters and has voice acting.
“We learn to read, we save animals. Learning letters, alphabet"
Download : Android https://play.google.com Cost : demo version - free
We learn letters, syllables and learn to read in the process of an exciting educational game for children - preschoolers from 3 to 7 years old. The application uses an effective sound method of teaching reading, similar to the Zaitsev cubes method and the principles of the Montessori method.
The game provides 2 modes of learning to read:
- Learning to spell - so that the child learns letters and understands the basics of reading
- Learning to read by syllables (words) - for children who already know letters
The game interface for children is built in accordance with the principle of the Montessori educational system - “Help me do it myself!” It is so simple that a child from 3 years old can figure it out in a minute.
The free version contains 4 training levels. The full version contains 16 training levels, arranged in increasing difficulty of words. If at the first level words consist of 2-3 letters, then at the last level they consist of 7-8 letters.
Signs of a child’s readiness for the learning process
Of course, you can start studying with a three-year-old, trying to raise a child prodigy. Everything is individual! But still, psychologists recommend paying attention to some signs that will tell you that the baby is ready to learn the basics of science - reading. There are a lot of such signs, and here are just a few:
- The child has sufficiently developed, understandable speech;
- He has an extensive vocabulary; his speech must also contain complex sentences;
- The child must be able to retell what he was told in kindergarten at home. The story should be clear and structured;
- The child has spatial and temporal orientation. Also understanding the cardinal directions;
- No speech defects. That is, it is too early to start reading if the child cannot pronounce some sounds and letters. But, again, this requires a very individual approach!
If all these signs are observed in the baby, then parents can already think about the task of mastering reading. Today, teachers and scientists have developed many ways to teach this skill. Methods of teaching reading are varied and every parent and teacher will be able to choose the most suitable one for them. Today we will look at the most common and popular ones.
Zaitsev’s method at the moment, even a decent amount of time after its first appearance, still remains one of the most popular methods for teaching children to read.
Teacher N.A. Zaitsev from St. Petersburg. He came up with the idea of placing frequently pronounced letter sequences in a table, and then divided them into cubes.
What is special about the method? All learning takes place in the form of a game, and in the game the child remembers better, as he gets carried away and is completely involved in the process. By the way, many teachers note that this method is very suitable for left-handed children. This is justified by the fact that such children remember and perceive the whole word better, rather than individual letters.
There is, however, a minus in the method, which defectologists believe is quite significant. Children who were taught according to the Zaitsev method, having learned letters and starting to read, often “swallow” the ending of a word or phrase, and then cannot begin to disassemble the word according to its composition, since they initially perceive the word as a whole, without being able to parse it into parts.
There are enough errors, or rather shortcomings, in the created methodology. So, for example, there are combinations of letters on the cubes, such as “BE”, “GE” and so on. The child gets used to such “combinations” of letters, although they are applicable in rather rare cases.
Yes, and there are other flaws - differences between reading and writing. If in a letter we use the combination “FE” in the words “coffee”, “cafe”, then we pronounce: “CAFE”, and so on. There are many examples of such inconsistencies.
What is remarkable today is that everyone can make a set of Zaitsev’s cubes on their own, and make them according to their needs and in any size. This way the cubes will fit not only into roomy school backpacks for teenagers, but also into small, funny backpacks for preschoolers.
Syllable reading is a technique used today in almost every preschool and primary school institution. By the age of five, a child can completely memorize the alphabet and even learn to read, if you help him with these difficult tasks consistently and slowly. By the way, the syllabic technique is ideal for this age.
First, the baby gets acquainted with the letters with his parents or educators, learns to name them correctly, pronounce them, and then connect these letters with others, combining them into syllables. Syllables, in turn, then form words. But each stage of this training is done gradually.
For classes you will need cards with letters, preferably large ones, on a white background. By the way, you can make such cards yourself.
Take thick cardboard, preferably white. Felt pen or red marker. And make markings for each card on cardboard. Let them be 5 by 5 centimeters, so it will be convenient for the baby to hold them, and then it will be easy for you to assemble them. On each card, write one large letter on one side and color it in. Be sure to write in printed font. Make a whole alphabet like this, or best of all, not one, but several sets of cards, so that later you can compose both syllables and words.
You can also buy an ABC book - it will obviously come in handy, and besides, it will come in handy later at school. The very first textbook for your baby should be chosen very carefully. Take everything into account - the font, the presence of illustrations, make sure that there are not too many of them on one page, since very bright and large drawings can distract the attention of a small student. The absence of pictures can also have a negative impact on the results of the study - the child will simply not be interested in studying.
Benefits
“Quick learning to read” Nefedova E., Uzorova O.
Link to the book : https://www.litres.ru Cost : electronic version - 49 rubles, paper version - from 299 rubles.
The manual is intended for children of preschool and primary school age during the period of learning to read. A large number of exercises are offered for reading syllables, words, as well as short texts. For convenience, all words are divided into syllables. In addition, the manual contains tasks for work on phonetic, lexical and structural analysis.
“Encyclopedia of methods for teaching reading. Letters, syllables, cubes” by L. Kirillova
Link to the book : https://www.litres.ru Cost : digital version - from 139 rubles, paper version - from 216 rubles.
The book contains descriptions of various approaches and methods of teaching reading: from classical (Leo Tolstoy's alphabet and primers) to the most modern, fashionable and non-traditional (Glenn Doman's method, Tyulenev's system, computer programs for teaching reading, etc.). The book also provides extensive recommendations and exercises for practical lessons in teaching reading.
“How to teach a child to read from 3 years old” S. Fedin, D. Kuzina
Link to the book : https://www.litres.ru Cost : digital version - from 249 rubles, paper version - from 488 rubles.
The book includes seven sequential steps in teaching preschoolers to read with detailed recommendations for parents on how to properly structure the learning process and how to interest their child in reading and writing. And to consolidate the acquired skills, at the end of the book you will find a reader with funny stories.
“I want to read. For children 5-6 years old" V. A. Egupova
Link to the book : https://www.litres.ru Cost : digital version - from 99 rubles, paper version - from 111 rubles.
The purpose of the manual is to teach the child to read syllables and write words and sentences in block letters. At the same time, the child learns to distinguish between vowels and consonants, sounds and letters, hard and soft, voiced and voiceless consonants; determine the stressed vowel and the number of syllables in a word. The manual uses poems, riddles, and tongue twisters.
How to teach reading at 4 years old: games and exercises
"Magic Square"
Draw a square of any size, for example 6 by 6 cells. In the boxes, write letters or syllables that the child already knows.
mac-urban.ru
Tasks:
- read the syllables in a line or column;
- name and show the letter (syllable) that is to the right/left of a given letter, above/below;
- name and show only vowel letters;
- read all syllables starting with the letter Ш, etc.
- read half a column in one breath. In the future, this will help practice intonation and fluency in reading.
These and other similar tasks with tables help you remember letters and expand your perspective. Such tables help a 4-5 year old child learn to read syllables of varying degrees of complexity. The child learns to see a fragment of text, he reads and at the same time recognizes what has not yet been read. It is this skill that helps increase your reading speed.
You can come up with tables yourself or find them in S. G. Zotov’s book “Increasing Reading Speed.”
"Bug"
How the Beetle would talk if he understood our language. Let the child buzz something like, “Zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzsk it is wonderful! Buzz, how cool!”
Think of other animals and their sounds.
"Who is bigger"
You can play in pairs or in a group. Goal: come up with as many words as possible that start with a given letter.
"Chain"
Play as in "Cities", but name any words. The main thing is that the first letter of the next word corresponds to the last letter of the previous one: dadA - Orange - Mink...)
Reading short words
Reading words when there is a corresponding picture next to them is undoubtedly easier than just words in a table. But the pictures are distracting, the child does not read, but guesses. Therefore, it is useful to use pre-prepared cards with short 3-letter words printed on them.
ot2do6.ru
Training using the Nikitin method
Classics of Russian education, the Nikitins' spouses completely moved away from traditional teaching principles, putting forward their own instead. They believe that children should be given complete creative freedom in the classroom. Only then will they become interested in learning.
There is no need to limit the independence of children - they must do all the work themselves. The third rule is a combination of mental exercises and physical exercises (i.e., learning in a playful way).
Involve your child in joint activities - for example, you can prepare study guides together. And then the baby will perceive the material easier and faster. But the main incentive for successful learning is praise for even the most insignificant victory. And you should never focus on mistakes.
Educational toys of the Nikitins
Here are the basic principles by which the Nikitins taught their children (and they can be applied to children 3 years old, 5, and 7):
- You cannot impose a specific learning program on a child - he himself chooses in the form of which game he is more interested in learning letters.
- There is no need to explain the course of the game to your child. Make your studies seem like a fairy tale, where each participant has their own role.
- In the first stages of play-learning, adults are active participants. In the future, when the child gets used to it, he will be able to continue classes on his own.
- A learning child should always be unobtrusively given tasks that will become more difficult at each new stage.
- Don’t dare tell your child – teach him to think for himself.
- If it is difficult for your child to cope with a new task, do not force him - take a step back and repeat what you have learned.
- If you notice that your child has lost interest in the game, or has reached the limit of his capabilities (temporary), stop training for a while. Get back to studying when your baby asks. And he will definitely do this, because... all children love to play.
The feasibility and conditions of teaching reading to children of senior preschool age
The article sets the task of considering the need to teach reading to a preschool child, all the pros and cons. The psychological aspect of this problem is considered. Methods and techniques of teaching. It is concluded that the skills of writing and reading acquired in preschool childhood benefit the child’s personality only in the case of a competent approach to the learning process.
Everything I've achieved in life
became possible thanks to the book.
Richard Bach
Caring parents of preschool children are puzzled by the question: is it necessary to teach a child to read and write before school? There is a lot of controversy about this. Some recommend not to rush and not force your child to read before school, others advise to focus on the alphabet almost from the cradle. Let's try to figure it out...
The main task for all raising adults should be the formation of a comprehensively and harmoniously developed personality of the child. Currently, most teachers and parents understand the need to pay as much attention as possible to the development of the child’s inner world and to nurturing the creative spirit in him. Reading is a special kind of value in this matter, since in the process of reading, in the process of communicating with a book, a child not only learns the past, present and future of the world, but also receives spiritual development, becomes familiar with the treasures of literature and art, and develops high aesthetic values. feelings and qualities. Thus, the moral and cultural basis of his personality is formed.
Learning to read and write is of a general developmental nature and promotes the development of active mental activity, efficiency, and moral and volitional qualities of the child’s personality. In the process of reading, operative memory and stability of attention are improved, on which mental performance depends. A child who reads learns to use information and explore it. Reading contributes to the development of speech, the ability to correctly form one’s thoughts, and analyze. Reading is an impulse to creative insight, to the creation of a new artistic creation. Thus, reading is necessary and useful; next we will consider the issue of the relevance of teaching reading in preschool age.
“How good it is to be able to read...” We all remember the lines of our favorite children’s poem, but it’s really good when a child can read on his own, and not because “You shouldn’t pester your mother...”, but because this is one of the primary tasks when preparing a child for school are to encourage him to engage in independent mental activity and teach him to think logically. An important place also belongs to the development of speech, which aims to teach children to speak meaningfully, give an initial understanding of language and literature, enrich speech, and instill a love of books. The successful development of speech in preschool age is also crucial for the subsequent systematic study of the native language.
At preschool age, the child’s speech is understandable and does not cause him any difficulties in communication until special requirements are placed on it. Minor deviations in speech development do not bother parents, but things change dramatically with the start of school. Already at the first stages of learning to read and write, children experience significant difficulties, write with errors, and as a result - poor grades, a negative attitude towards school, behavioral deviations, increased fatigue and neurosis.
The relevance of teaching reading in preschool age is also due to the increased demands of schools, especially gymnasiums and lyceums, for future first-graders. One of the requirements is the ability to read and readiness to master literacy, which includes the child’s mastery of sound-letter, sound-syllable and lexical-syntactic analyzes and synthesis before entering school. Teaching reading in preschool promotes the development of natural literacy. In addition, the alphabet period in the first grade coincides with the period of children’s adaptation to the conditions of school life and learning. Pedagogical practice shows that children who read feel more confident and have more prospects for successful learning at school.
Next, consider the question: when can you start teaching a child to read?
Many parents, and even teachers, are in a hurry to teach children to read and write at the age of 3-4, citing the accelerated pace of the twenty-first century. But you shouldn't do that. The child still has too little life experience, and reading for him is mainly of a purely mechanical nature. He cannot yet feel and understand all the beauty and richness of the printed word. Teachers F.A. Sokhin and A.M. Fonarev called the desire to speed up a child’s education “artificial acceleration.”
Research by Professor I. A. Arshavsky, teacher N. M. Aksarin, and psychologist L. S. Vygotsky showed that the fifth year of a child’s life is the period of the highest “linguistic giftedness”, special sensitivity to the sound side of speech. That is why it is advisable to introduce preschoolers to the sound system of their native language already at an older preschool age. In order for a child to write correctly, he must imagine that a sentence is made up of words, words - from syllables and sounds arranged in a certain sequence. Only by learning to put speech sounds into syllables and words can a child master reading skills.
K. D. Ushinsky said about it this way: “Only he will be able to consciously write and read who has mastered the sound-syllable structure of a word.”
Therefore, it is important to convey to the child the concepts of “letter” and “sound” as early as possible, to teach him to isolate these elements from the composition of a word, to distinguish between the whole variety of consonants and vowels, dull and voiced, soft and hard sounds, and to select words to match given sound patterns. That is, in order for a child to quickly and easily master reading and writing, while avoiding typical mistakes, it is necessary to first teach him sound synthesis and analysis. And this, in turn, is possible on the basis of stable phonemic perception of any sound of native speech.
Being the most important means of human communication and knowledge of reality, language serves as the main channel for introducing a person to the values of spiritual culture, as well as a necessary condition for education and training. The development of oral monologue speech in preschool childhood lays the foundation for successful learning at school.
Preschool age is a period of active acquisition of spoken language by a child. Full mastery of the native language in preschool childhood is a necessary condition for solving the problems of mental, aesthetic and moral education of children in the most sensitive period of development. To successfully teach reading to older preschoolers, they must have sufficiently developed qualities such as correct sound pronunciation, phonetic analysis and synthesis skills, phonemic perception, as well as a high level of active vocabulary development, mastery of the grammatical system of their native speech and a high level of voluntary action. The sooner teaching the native language begins, the more freely the child will use it in the future; this is the advisability of teaching reading to older preschoolers.
The child must not only be taught, but taught correctly, so as not to discourage reading in the future, and to make the reading process enjoyable.
The most important thing in the process of learning to read and write is to create comfortable conditions for the child’s personality. This is the key to successful learning. Therefore, learning to read can be considered as an activity of applied significance, carefully entering into his life only at the request of the child in a playful way. The lesson should not only consist of reading syllables, words or sentences. A change in types of activities is necessary: read, wrote letters or words, painted over something, sculpted something, completed a task for the development of mental operations (analysis, synthesis, classification, comparison, generalization), moved, etc. You need to choose the right moment for learning. The child should be in a good mood and not tired. As soon as the adult notices that the child is distracted, it is necessary to stop the activity, even if the allotted time has not yet passed. You cannot scold your child and compare him with other more capable children, this will only slow down the learning process.
It is important to raise a reader in a child; he should definitely read poetry, fairy tales, and stories every day. Everyday reading introduces a child to books and shows how interesting and useful it is to be able to read.
There is no need to strive to make a child a “well-read know-it-all”; this is not justified. When adults give everything to read, without taking into account the age and ability of a preschooler to correctly perceive the entire volume of information, then he does not assimilate the content of books meaningfully. This leads to overwork, restlessness, inability to concentrate, and to show sustained interest in the content of what is read.
It should be remembered that preschool childhood, as a period in human life, plays an exceptional role in shaping what not only each individual person will become, but also all of humanity, the world as a whole.
The ideological, moral, and cultural priorities inherent in preschool childhood determine the life path of generations, influence the development and state of society as a whole, therefore, the choice of literature for a child to read independently must be approached seriously and carefully. At the initial stage, for independent reading, the child should be offered stories and fairy tales previously read to him by adults.
It is important for a child to pay attention to his activities. He will study with great pleasure if an adult takes direct part in his activities and rejoices at his success. It is necessary to keep a notebook of achievements and regularly note the child’s successes. At the end of the lesson, be sure to praise the child for his “work” and note his achievements. Don't be afraid to overpraise.
Thus, teaching reading and literacy in preschool age contributes to the comprehensive and harmonious development of the child’s personality, forms natural literacy, and is one of the conditions for successful adaptation to school. However, it should be remembered that the skills of writing and reading acquired in preschool childhood benefit the child’s personality only if there is a competent approach to the learning process.
Literature:
- Gvozdev A. N. How preschool children observe language phenomena Issues in the study of children's speech. M., 2008.
- Karpova S. N. Awareness of the verbal composition of speech by preschoolers. M.: Education, 2007
- Sokhin F. A. Tasks of speech development Development of speech in preschool children. M., 2009. 4. Sokhin F. A. Preparation for teaching literacy Development of speech in preschool children. M., 2008. pp. 173–177.
