Methods of working with children
In the course of his activities, the teacher introduces children to the world of aesthetics through familiarization. Suitable for both household items and works of art. The things surrounding the child have great power of influence.
It is important to take this into account and create a harmonious space for children. It should be decorated in the same style, decorated with attractive things. Sensorily, the child evaluates the world around him, and every detail is deposited in his consciousness and memory.
Therefore, the teacher, like parents, must choose the right interior, where each thing has its own place.
Decoration of a kindergarten (room)
Aesthetic education begins with introducing the child to the beautiful world around him. Adults create an attractive environment. In this case, it is necessary to be guided not only by a sense of beauty, but also by the requirements for maintaining the health and safety of the child.
Principles for creating an aesthetic environment:
- The beauty of objects should be combined with their simplicity and purity.
- The environment should remain practical and expedient.
- The child's eye contact should capture every detail of the interior. Contrasts contribute to this. For example, a light windowsill is decorated with bright flowerpots with flowers (not necessarily live plants - these can also be crafts).
- The details of the furnishings form a single ensemble.
First of all, when decorating a room aesthetically, they pay attention to objects of fine art: paintings, crafts. Children should like the images. Thus, they become emotionally responsive. Based on the Federal State Educational Standard, canvases with landscapes must be present in the preparatory, middle and senior groups.
For example:
- "Golden Autumn", Levitan.
- “The rooks have arrived”, Savrasov.
- “Lilac”, Konchalovsky.
No more than 3 works are selected per room. You can use 1, but a large one. The easiest way to teach children beauty is to carry out aesthetic changes indoors.
For example, they organize a month dedicated to some artist. They choose his most striking works and hang them in a group. This way, it will be possible to regularly change the space, simultaneously introducing children to the canvases.
Decorating a kindergarten for the New Year also fosters a sense of beauty
Children are introduced to beauty. To do this, they are asked to help form the group. They organize exhibitions and decorate the premises for the holidays. For example, for the New Year, snowflakes are cut out, pine cones are painted, and then the Christmas tree is decorated. In this way, children are surrounded by beautiful things.
Gradually they learn to take care of objects, maintain cleanliness and appreciate every detail. The teacher unobtrusively draws the children's attention to order and asks them to complete basic work tasks. At the end of the training, the guys already maintain cleanliness on their own.
Specially organized activities
According to the Federal State Educational Standard, from September to May inclusive, training takes place in preschool institutions. When drawing up a plan for working with children, teachers work on artistic and aesthetic education.
Excursions to a museum or exhibition are another method of aesthetic education for children.
To do this, several classes are allocated per week dedicated to the development of this particular area. Drawing, modeling, listening to music - the teacher has many options on how to introduce a child to the world of beauty.
In a preschool setting, visual demonstration materials are used. In older groups, teachers can organize excursions. For example, visiting museums and exhibitions with children.
Each lesson is structured according to the age of the children. To do this, they are guided by the principles of the Federal State Educational Standard. According to the standard, they give a load, do not increase or decrease the duration of classes.
Unregulated activity
In his free time from classes, the teacher can organize activities not provided for in the plan. Conversations, walks, and communication are used as additional tools of influence. If there is a lot of free time, then they organize get-togethers with the creation of simple crafts.
The creation of Dymkovo toys in kindergarten should be accompanied by a story about the history of these crafts
It is important to interest children and encourage them to be creative. For example, before creating crafts, you can read about the history of Dymkovo toys and show several copies as an example. After that, start working.
Aesthetic development in the family
A child's introduction to the world begins with mom and dad. They are the first and main aesthetic ideals.
Family aesthetic education includes:
- Personal example of parents. This includes the appearance, clothing, neatness and grooming of adults, as well as the manner of communication and education of parents. A child quickly adopts family criteria for beauty and will have difficulty changing if, for example, he has heard obscene language since childhood or walked around in soiled clothes.
- Education of musical taste. It starts from an early age, when my mother sang lullabies and cheerfully told nursery rhymes. As your baby grows, it is important to sing nursery rhymes with him and play classical music at home.
- Artistic activity of preschoolers. The most important aspect of aesthetic development both in the family and in preschool educational institutions. It is necessary to give the child the opportunity to express his thoughts and emotions on paper, using various techniques (felt-tip pens, paints, pencils), so the baby will become familiar with colors and their combinations, learn to see shape, and evaluate size.
- Reading books. Children often ask their mother to read a bedtime story, so they get acquainted with the richness and beauty of the Russian language, learn to use the word as a tool for expressing feelings and emotions.
- Conversations. During emotional conversations, the child learns and adopts the experience of his parents, asks questions about the world around him. Time should be set aside for conversations focused on aesthetic development.
- Aesthetics of everyday life. It consists of renovating the apartment, design solutions, decorating the living space (paintings, flowers, etc.), cleanliness and order. It is necessary to have an aesthetic development environment.
Goals and objectives
The goal of artistic and aesthetic education of preschoolers is to instill in the child a culture that consists of a number of components:
- Perception is the ability to sense beauty in all its manifestations.
- Feelings are the ability to emotionally evaluate beauty.
- Needs - the desire to experience aesthetic emotions from the perception of beauty.
- Tastes are the ability to analyze beauty, based on developed aesthetic ideals.
- Ideals are a personal assessment of the beauty of nature, people, and culture.
The tasks of aesthetic education of preschoolers include:
- development of a harmonious personality;
- developing the ability to notice and appreciate the beauty around;
- assistance in the formation of personal tastes and ideals;
- creating conditions for the artistic and aesthetic development of preschool children.
Achieving a goal is based on certain means and methodological techniques.
Means of aesthetic education:
- painting, sculpture;
- theater, cinema;
- architecture (design, architecture);
- fiction;
- TV, press;
- musical compositions;
- the world.
Methods of aesthetic education:
- personal example and experience;
- colloquial forms;
- classes within the preschool educational institution;
- excursions;
The fundamental method is personal example (of a teacher or parent), since it is the adult who lays down the ideals that will subsequently become the basis for the formation of aesthetic feelings.
The aesthetic development of preschoolers is a process that includes not only the work of educators, but also the active participation of parents. This is a continuous activity, the basis of which is primarily set by the family.
Recommendations for teachers and educators
Recommendations for the moral and aesthetic education of preschoolers include a number of methods and principles:
- Aesthetics of the environment (live plants, furniture, color scheme for playrooms, cleanliness and order).
- Independent artistic activity (classes in free creativity using decorative and applied arts).
- Classes with a teacher (development of tastes and ideals under the supervision and sensitive guidance of a mentor).
There are some features of aesthetic education of preschool children in preschool educational institutions. Unlike the home environment, creative activity takes place among peers and under the guidance of a competent mentor. This motivates the child to do everything better so that he is praised and distinguished from the rest. If at home a child often gives up at the first failure, then in kindergarten, looking at the example of other children, he will look for ways to cope with the task. Therefore, creative and aesthetic activities should be carried out precisely in preschool educational institutions.
To do this, the teacher must clearly understand what creativity is and what competencies and skills the child should acquire as a result.
Indicators of creative activity (according to I. Lerner):
- the ability to use old knowledge in a new situation without outside help;
- the ability to find and apply new functions of an already known object;
- the ability to see problems in a standard situation;
- the ability to combine previously known methods into new ones.
The teacher should encourage the child for showing independence, and in no case scold if the children, for example, start drawing a bouquet instead of one flower. What is important is a relaxed atmosphere and some relaxation of discipline - let the preschoolers talk, go to the window or stand with toys. Then the aesthetic education of preschoolers will be carried out with joy and inspiration for the child.
Features of the development of technical creativity in preschool children
Technical creativity teaches a preschool child not only perseverance and patience, but also helps to develop certain abilities:
- The ability to find non-standard solutions to the tasks assigned to them and select a means for these solutions.
- Plan your activities.
- Compare, find differences and similarities, generalize.
- Select parts and combine them into a whole.
- Analyze your actions step by step, draw conclusions, give an account of your actions, assume further options for the development of events, correct shortcomings, identify advantages and use them in the future.
Drawing lessons on the theme “Airplanes are flying” for the middle group
In addition, preschoolers learn to interact with each other, gain experience working in a team, learn to negotiate, look for a way out of the current situation, and develop their imagination.
Note ! The main type of activity of a preschooler according to the Federal State Educational Standard is play, which is inextricably linked with a toy. One follows from the other: a toy gives rise to play activity, and by developing play activity, it attracts new toys. Therefore, it is better to engage in technical creativity with little ones through play. The game helps to captivate the preschooler, interest him and achieve the desired result.
The best option for technical creativity of kids are:
- magnetic constructors;
- building kits;
- various cubes;
- block constructors;
- modeling kits;
- constructors with joint fastening;
- bolt-on constructors.
Innovative technologies in preschool educational institutions to unlock the creative potential of preschoolers
Innovative technologies in kindergarten are the use of modern components to improve the educational process.
The main types of innovative technologies in preschool educational institutions include:
- Project activities. The project is developed together with the teacher, helps the preschooler acquire new knowledge and systematize existing knowledge. The projects themselves are classified according to several criteria.
- Personality-oriented technologies. The teacher’s task is to select methods, games and activities that allow a particular child to develop as much as possible.
- Information and communication technologies. Consists of using personal computers, projectors, tablets, interactive whiteboards and other things in the classroom. The technology helps to attract kids. They are developing new skills. With it you can watch educational videos, films, cartoons. Improves educational process and presentation.
- Health-saving technologies. They consist of conducting thematic conversations, morning exercises, physical education sessions, sports festivals and other sporting events.
- Research activities. A research paper is similar to a course project. Teaches a preschooler to explore the world around him, understand the task at hand, find the problem and give it a definition. The main activity in this case is an experiment that contributes to the development of the baby’s thinking.
- Corrective technologies. Aimed at relieving emotional tension in the group. Relaxing music, color therapy, special games and exercises can be used.
- Gaming technologies. They occupy a dominant role due to the fact that play is the main activity of preschool children. At the same time, the game has a cognitive and developmental function.
The artistic and aesthetic development of a preschooler helps to make the child a comprehensively developed personality, capable of appreciating and seeing the beauty around him, and creating beauty with his own hands.
