The image of a cat and a cat in Russian folklore. The cat is the hero of Russian folk tales. Russian fairy tales about cats. Cats in Ancient Rus' - signs, rituals, beliefs. The origin of the word cat and the word cat.

The story of the cat and the mouse

In house number five on Kosmonavtov Street, on the third floor in apartment one hundred and twenty-four, there lived a cat named Belka.
Her owners loved her very much, spoiled her in every possible way, and bought her new toys. But the little girl Tanya loved Belka most of all. She even took the cat with her to bed at night. It used to be that Tanya would have a terrible dream, she would get up, grab Belka with both arms and pull her with her. And the cat is only happy about it.

But one day Tanya and her mother went to the pet store and brought home... a mouse. Small, white, in a cage with a wheel. When Squirrel saw that mouse, she almost fainted.

Where have you seen mice live in complete contentment in a house? They are supposed to be caught with mousetraps or cats.

And this mouse also turned out to be impudent. When everyone in the house falls asleep, the lights are turned off, Belka also falls asleep, the mouse slowly gets out of the cage and begins to roam around the rooms, putting things in order. One day Belka caught her in the kitchen in front of a bag of semolina. I tried to chase her, but didn’t have time. The mouse climbed onto the wall, along the wall to the ceiling, and along the ceiling back into Tanya’s bedroom and into his cage. She closed the door and sat there, not moving. It seems like she wasn’t acting out at all.

In fairness

Then Squirrel decided to catch this mouse and eat it. No mouse, no problem. She waited until the night was dark and moonless and pretended to be asleep. The mouse only stuck its sharp nose into the kitchen, only got close to the bag of cereal, and then Squirrel grabbed it.

She held it between her paws and was about to swallow it. She has already revealed her sharp teeth. And as soon as I looked at this tiny animal, all my appetite instantly disappeared. Belka felt sorry for her mistress. How will she grieve for the mouse, poor thing? And she released the rodent. So, either the mouse realized its mistake, or it was scared to death, but since then it hasn’t pulled any more tricks. She sat quietly in the cage and didn’t do anything around the house.

The Tale of the Cat and the Mouse Nathanya

Nafanya started up in the same house. Well, she was amazing! For example, everyone wakes up in the morning and looks at the nut pie on the table in the evening, but now it’s not there. Only crumbs remained. They marvel - who did this outrage? And dad says: “Probably Nafanya.”

The cat Dasha heard about this and thought: “Wow! What kind of Nafanya is this? Is it really a mouse?

The next day, someone defaced all the wallpaper in the room. With orange, blue and red colors. The adults, when they saw it, almost fainted. Dad says: “Well, who did it?”

There’s a little boy, Vanechka, who quietly answers: “Nafanya...

Then dad says: “That’s how we got Nafanya!” He eats pies and paints wallpaper. Will there be anything next?

And the cat Dashka was already completely scared. What kind of mouse is this, incredibly literate?

A few more days passed and by morning the parents found a high chair in the kitchen, placed on the top shelf. And on the top shelf there was a whole box of chocolates. So now there is not a single piece of candy left in the box.

Dad says: “Well, our Nafanya is gone!” We probably need to take action. And the cat Dashka thinks to himself: “It’s very lucky that we got this mouse! You can get into trouble and blame everything on her.” Dasha sneaked into the kitchen in the evening, opened the refrigerator, took out a hefty piece of cheese and ate it.

The next morning, when the loss was discovered, mom and dad clasped their hands: “Dasha!” Yes, where have you seen cats roaming refrigerators? - and punished the cat.

She sits poor in the closet and cannot understand anything. Why is it that, like eating candy and pies, it means Nafanya, but like eating cheese, it’s Dasha’s fault?

A fairy tale about a cat and kittens

In one village house, the one on the hill in front of the river, a cat’s mother gave birth to kittens. Three black ones with white ears, three white ones with black ears and one red one. The kittens opened their eyes and immediately began to play pranks. They play and roll around in balls on the floor. Only the red kitten did not play or roll around. He sat quietly next to the cat's mother and vigilantly looked around.

- Coward! - his brothers and sisters shouted to him. - What are you afraid of? Come play with us! But the kitten did not come.

Then the kittens came up with a funny chant:

- Red cat, little coward, The tail is trembling, the nose is trembling, Look, look - how the mouse squeaks!

But the kitten still did not go to play with others. Then the grandmother came and brought milk to the kittens. Everyone rushed to drink milk from the saucer and forgot about the kitten.

Suddenly the grandmother clasped her hands: “Fathers!” What is this...

Before the grandmother had time to finish speaking, the red kitten jumped out of its basket and instantly caught a hefty gray mouse.

Then the brothers and sisters sang a completely different song:

- Hey cat, sharp little nose! How clever! How fast! He caught the mouse just like a big one!

Fairy tale poems about a mouse and a cat

There is a magical place in our kitchen, near the stove. A door with a tiny lock, and behind it a house of mice.

Exactly at midnight, from behind the stove, Grabbing candles for light, the mice in a friendly crowd set off on a robbery.

They eat cereals and porridge, drink kvass from a bowl, refresh themselves with potatoes, and juggle peas.

Quietly, quietly, don't make any noise, they tell the cat to sleep. When he wakes up, that’s the problem! Then she will eat the mice.

But Murka doesn’t hear yet, Sleeping, the shiny jacket. Drinking milk at night, satisfying your hunger.

Well-fed people always want to sleep, They yawn all day long. Tolley is a matter on an empty stomach. Catch mice for a nickel.

In the meantime, they are roaming around, stealing food here and there, so that their pantries are all driven up to the ceilings.

You are the owners of animals, willing mouse-catchers, listen to my advice - Don’t give them cutlets.

Do not serve butter, cheese, pies or bread from the tandoor. Do not give milk or raw cottage cheese.

And then your little cats, in an unusual aerobatics, will announce a battle to the mice, revealing their strong-willed character.

Read the tale about the cat Shura and the mouse Nyura

Once upon a time there lived a mouse named Nyura in my grandmother's lower kitchen. She wasn’t especially willful, she didn’t spoil the food, so grandma didn’t touch her. Let him live.

And upstairs in the house lived the cat Shura. She was strict and vigilantly watched over the house so that not a single mouse was found. And she never went down to the lower kitchen. There was a vat of sourdough at my grandmother’s place, and Shura was about to drink from it one day and fell into the sourdough. Her grandmother scolded her very painfully afterwards.

One day Shura was sitting by the hatch into the underground, where the lower kitchenette was, and saw a picture: a mouse was walking and wandering around the kitchen, slowly, like a businessman. He’ll go up to the stove and see what’s cooking there, he’ll go up to the cabinets and check everything around him, he’ll go up to the leaven in the vat and stick his nose in there.

The cat Shura became furious, her fur stood on end. She looks with her eyes, but can’t do anything. The fear was deeply ingrained in her. Then she decided to use a trick. She got a thread somewhere, tied a piece of cheese to one end of it and lowered it into the underground.

Nyura noticed the cheese, sharpened her teeth, but she wanted to grab it like cheese - she hopped and moved away. The mouse is behind him. And the cheese for the ladder - skok-skok-skok. The mouse ran after him. She was almost getting what she wanted, when suddenly the cheese slipped out through the hatch into the house.

Then the mouse realized that something was wrong. She hid between the steps and sat and waited. Not a minute had passed before the cat appeared. But no matter how much she looked out, no matter how much she lowered her muzzle into the underground, she could not understand why her prey had been lost.

Mouse Mind

It was then that the mouse realized that the cat was afraid of the underground. And she began to tease her in every possible way. As soon as he notices that Shura is sitting on the edge of the hatch, he will immediately come out of his hiding place and walk back and forth in the lower kitchen, like a housewife. And she became so arrogant that she completely forgot about her agreement with her grandmother.

And the grandmother, when she saw that the mouse was completely insolent, put a mousetrap in the kitchen and caught it.

That's the whole story for you. It’s not for nothing that they say that the jug was proud until it broke.

Stripe and jumpers


In a beautiful spacious house there lived a kitten, Striped.
He was a very cheerful and nimble kitten, and more than anything else he loved to play. Grandma will sit down to knit, and Stripe will climb into the basket, pull out a ball - and let's roll it on the floor. When children gather to play with toys, the kitten is right there: either he’ll hide in a castle made of blocks, or he’ll attach a doll’s bow to his tail, or he’ll decide to go for a ride in a truck. There are so many fun things to do outside! Stripe swam in a puddle with piglets, played hide and seek with little mice, looked for worms for the chickens, and even helped the puppy bark at passers-by. That's how much fun it was for the fidgety kitten!

One day Stripe woke up and wondered: what else could he play? All the games in the house are over, and so are the games outside. What to do? The kid climbed onto a high fence and began to look around. Suddenly he sees something green moving along the path. Jump-jump, jump-jump, jump-jump! "Wow! - thought the kitten. – I haven’t played jumping jacks yet. This must be so cool!”

Stripe quickly jumped off the fence and ran to meet his new friend.

- Who are you? - he asked and carefully touched the green jumper.

- I'm a frog. And who are you?

- And I'm a kitten. Can you teach me how to play bounce?

- What? – the little frog was surprised.

- Jumping and jumping! You jump so well: jump-jump, jump-jump! I want that too. Can?

“Of course,” the frog laughed. - Let's jump together. You need to sit down a little, then push off very, very hard with your hind legs and - jump-jump! - you are already in a new place. Catch up! - and the frog jumped along the path, and a small fluffy kitten jumped joyfully behind him.

So Striped learned to play a new game and found himself another friend. Do not believe? Then come to the lawn behind the house and watch how merrily two jumpers are jumping: jump-jump, jump-jump, jump-jump! Can you do that?

The Tale of the Cat and the Mouse

Once a cat caught a mouse. He opened his mouth, just about to eat. And she tells him:

- Don't eat me, kitty! Look, I'll be useful to you. - Yes, what good are you? - the cat grins. - You look so small. You'll get hit and there won't be a wet place left. “Don’t eat me,” the mouse babbles on and on. - You'll see, it will be good for me too. The cat thought, “okay, you won’t be satisfied with one mouse” and let her go in peace.

Now, time is passing. The owner got angry with the cat because he ate all the sour cream and decided to kick him out of the house. The cat was completely sad. He thinks “I’ll disappear on the street.” He sits and sheds tears. Then, out of nowhere, a mouse crawls out: “What are you crying about, little cat?”

He told her his misfortune. And she tells him: “Don’t cry.” You spared me, so I will do good to you.

In the evening the owner is sitting drinking tea with bagels, and suddenly he sees a mouse walking across the table right before his eyes. He approaches the bagels, takes one and begins to gnaw.

From such impudence, the owner almost turned green. - Cat! - he shouts. - Well, catch me this impudent one! And the cat is happy to try. He flew up like a bullet and caught the mouse. And he ate it. Make-believe. And when the owner turned away, he released her. And from that day on, the cat and mouse became best friends.

Psychotherapeutic fairy tale “The Tale of a Cat Named Rose”

Galina Koroleva

Psychotherapeutic fairy tale “The Tale of a Cat Named Rose”

In one very ordinary house there lived an elderly woman. This woman had many cats , they were all different: in appearance and in character, but they lived together amicably. cat owner always kept order in the house: each cat had its own pillow and its own saucer with milk. The owner loved all her cats and cared for each of them. a cat named Rosochka in this house . The rose was white , fluffy and very neat, always clean and good-natured, and she got her name because of the color of the bow on her head. Rosochka's life proceeded without any special worries or sorrows. Rosochka each new day with joy and delighted those around her with her radiant mood. But unexpectedly, disaster struck: the old mistress died, and a new mistress appeared in the house, young, proud and soulless. The new owner was only interested in her own well-being, and not what was happening in the house; she cared little about the life of the cats - she stopped watching the cats. Chaos began in the house. The old cats quarreled, fought among themselves, some of them found new owners and went to them. But Rosochka could not leave , she loved this house, every day she lived in the memory of her past life and believed that she could still change for the better in the house, and peace and tranquility would appear in it again. Time passed, other cats appeared and disappeared in the house, but there was no former peace and harmony in the house. And so, a new cat appeared in the house, dirty, angry and cunning named Chernavka with a gray unsightly bow on her head, the owner picked her up on the street in a ditch, skinned and hungry. First, Chernavka took Rosochka’s bow , clean and beautiful, from her, then Chernavka tore Rosochka’s and persuaded the owner to Rosochka ’s fluffy and beautiful fur cut off. But Rosochka did not lose heart , she remained just as sweet and cheerful. Chernavka didn’t know what else she could come up with to destroy Rosochka and get her out of the house Rosochka’s saucer several times and tried to turn other cats against Rosochka . But Rosochka continued to love her home, no matter what, and did not want to leave it. Chernavka was very afraid that Rosochka would regain her attractive appearance, so she did not allow her to wash herself or take care of herself in the house. From a cute cat, Rosochka turned into an ordinary and unsightly cat. Without losing hope that everything could still be returned, Rosochka still left home in search of her new and true happiness. She walked for a long time until she reached the large and warm sea, where she found a small hole and hid in it, she was very ashamed of her unkempt appearance. After some time, Rosochka washed and combed her fur, licked all her wounds and only continued to miss her former home, where she once felt so good. One morning, Rosochka met a young cat named Sailor , he jumped out of nowhere to meet her and blocked her path. The sailor told Rosochka that he had recently returned from a voyage and decided to settle on the shore, he had a spacious cave in which they could live, and they would not need any housewife, since they themselves could arrange everything in it and make it a real one. and a cozy home. That’s how it all happened, Sailor fell in love with Rosochka , did not let anyone offend her, protected her and felt sorry for her, Rosochka again had a soft pillow and a saucer in which there was always milk. The sailor gave Rosochka a large pink bow , which was better than before, and Rosochka again acquired her former attractiveness, forgetting all her past troubles and adversities. The life of Rosette and Sailor became calm, serene, joyful and happy.

Teacher- psychologist MBDOU No. 223 : Koroleva G.V.

The tale of the mouse who ate cats

It was around New Year's. The mice gathered behind the baseboard to have a meal. They put little by little from each tail into the general pile: some a dry piece of cheese, some the skin of a sausage, another dumpling, barely bitten, a crust of bread - in general, the table was set for the holiday.

And as soon as they ate, they began to have fun. There are different stories to tell. Some will remember a joke, some will remember an exciting, even scary story about a mousetrap. There was one fat old mouse sitting in the corner. She sat quietly, and then just say: “Have you heard the story about the mouse that ate cats?” A tragic story, I must say, but a true one.

The other mice, of course, didn’t hear anything like that. And they began to ask her to tell.

Creepy story

There is nothing to do, the old mouse yawned and began her story: “A long time ago, when my mother was still a little mouse, there were stray cats in their area, apparently or invisible.” The mice were completely dead from them. These cats began to pester ordinary households. Where there was one cat in the house, now there are three, four, or even more. And these cats began to mercilessly destroy our brother. It got so bad that there were only a handful of mice left for the entire village.

So, probably, our breed would have completely died out. If, out of nowhere, a large, even huge, unprecedented mouse had not appeared. She came at night and ate all the cats that came in her way. And soon there was not a single cat left in the area.

- And then what happened to this mouse? - asked one little mouse with a shaking tail.

“Nobody knows that,” answered the old mouse. “They say that she is hiding and waiting in the wings, when she can feast on cat meat again.”

Massacre

When the mice heard the story, they started making noise. They waved their fists and said that this is what they need with a mustache and a tail. And they got so excited that they decided to go to war against the cat.

- Wow, we’ll ask him now! Wow, he'll see us! Let's not let him hurt us anymore!

They just came out of the hole, and then suddenly there was a cat. Eyes - staring, teeth - clicking. The mice rushed into the scattered space. Only the tails flickered in the corners.

Origin, etymology of the word “cat” and the word “cat” in Russian

Let's start with the fact that in Russian there are two designations for this animal, depending on its gender, quite different in sound - “cat” and “cat”. Moreover, similar pairs, not close or very distant in sound composition, are in the Russian language to designate most domestic animals:

cow and bull, ram and sheep, dog and dog, horse and horse, rooster and hen, drake and duck... All these are fundamentally different words that capture some fundamentally different semantic meanings - this is not at all like “elephant” and “ elephant" or "tiger" and "tigress". Some other languages, especially Slavic, also have this phenomenon, but in general, not all Indo-European languages ​​have such a variety of words, which is another indirect proof of the greater proximity of the Russian language to the proto-language (more words - fewer simplifications and generalizations).

M. Shrilev. Darenka's dreams.

Returning to the cat and the cat - it is impossible to say which of them is primary or more important from an etymological point of view. Therefore, we will consider separately both “cat” and “cat”.

Version 1

CAT. The first syllable “ kosh/kosh” indicates extreme antiquity.

Let us recall other words
“KOSHCHEY”
(Immortal),
“KOSCHUN”
(= “history, fairy tale”),
“KOSCHUN/KOSCHUNNIK”
(= “storyteller of ancient legends.” When these were banned, the word “blaspheme” acquired a different negative meaning).
Another semantic group is words associated with preserving, saving something (which is also one of the semantic series in words like “blasphemy” / fairy tale - as the preservation of knowledge and legends through their transmission): KOSHt, KOSHEL / KOSHELEK, KOSHMA
. The same KOSHCHEY “languishes over gold,” that is, he preserves it, protects it.

The second syllable “ka” reflects the image of the soul

(or in more complex interpretations - one of the levels of subtle etheric bodies).
That is why diminutive names and abbreviations are formed using this syllable: AlenKA, Irinka, VadimKA... hut, rolling pin, gingerbread, pechka
.
By adding such an ending to a name, we seem to address a person more “warmly”, “addressed”, “closely”, as if we are touching his soul, and not just calling, and by adding -to the object we partly animate him, endow him with some unique form and even independence
. It’s not a hut, and it’s the hut that turns on chicken legs “back to us in front of the forest”, the self-assembled tablecloth itself will set the table for us, and the stove standing in the middle of the field will itself bake pies and protect the brother and sister from evil geese and swans...

It turns out that CAT is an “ancient soul” or
a “guardian soul”
! And isn’t this what we read in the calm, wise and bottomless eyes of this seemingly unearthly creature? By the way, in a variety of religions, cults and countries you can find legends about the extraterrestrial origin of cats, directly indicating that they came to earth from heaven:

  • In Ancient Egypt, it was believed that cats came to earth as companions of the gods, so in Egyptian wall paintings they are also often depicted with wings. Cats were deified and considered sacred animals - temples were built in their honor, they were allowed into closed/secret rooms of sanctuaries, where entry was closed even for priests (but at the same time there were small doors so that cats could pass through - THE SAME IN RUSSIA in some old Vladimir and Suzdal churches
    ), after death they were embalmed, mummified and preserved as noble nobles or pharaohs. There was a cult of the goddess of happiness Bast with the head of a cat.
  • In Peru, there are a number of cave paintings depicting aircraft, reminiscent of photographs of UFOs, and next to them...cats with wings.
  • Christian author Augustine the Blessed called cats “inhabitants of the Heavenly City,” the only creatures who are allowed to know the way there and back.

I. Bilibin. cat scientist

What about “cat”? In The Tale of Bygone Years it is designated a little differently as “kotka”

, in children's lullabies it also often appears under the designation
“kitten-cat”
, which means that
everything that was written above regarding the part -KA (=soul) equally applies to it.
It remains to deal with the root “CAT”

.
Apparently, it also indicates not some kind of “preservation”, “saving”, “sheltering” of something inside
, like the root “KOSH”, and sometimes “fixation”, “anchoring”.
KOtomka, KOtel, KOTLOvan, KOTA
(a quadrangular yard made of stakes, surrounded by a net, the fish that enters there is selected from above - from Dahl’s dictionary),
KOTTva
(f. old. anchor; cat, verp, anchor. - from Dahl’s dictionary),
KOTrakh
( hat - from Dahl's dictionary),
CATS
(umad. cats m. pl. women's shoes, a type of ankle boots, boots, shoes with high fronts; men's outer shoes, galoshes, kengas, worn over boots or shoe covers; | master pistons or birch bark bast shoes , with fees - from Dahl's dictionary).

It is interesting to look at similar sound combinations in Sanskrit.

So, the root “kosh” could not be found there, but
“koti” is “edge, ray, ten million”
, and
“kotisah” is “ten thousand millions”
(as an expression of the innumerability of something - see Sanskrit-Russian Dictionary by N.P. Likhushina). So, an indication of multiplicity, infinity returns us to the already discussed syllable “KOSH”, denoting transcendental antiquity. It turns out that the semantic content of the words “cat” and “cat” are, in general, extremely close - this is an “ancient guardian soul”, but perhaps the cat has slightly greater energy, direction, activity, characteristic of the masculine principle - like a ray or tip. Isn’t that why in Russian fairy tales the CAT always acts (!), and in proverbs and signs both cats and cats are found.

Version 2

There is, however, a more “down-to-earth” version, also based on the syllabic reading of the word “cat” / “kotka” as originally Russian. According to it, “kosh” is a camp or part of a district/district, as well as a convoy, a string of carts

(note, the nomads in the carts here are us, not the mythical Tatar-Mongols), and
“ka” is a kind of living entity
, which is consistent with the interpretation of “soul,” although on a more simplified plane of perception.
It turns out that KOSH-KA is “resident of the camp, convoy,” “one who lives inside the camp/convoy
.

Version 3

Alexander Uglanov. Makosh

Another series of interesting semantic associations can be derived from the name of the key goddess of the Slavic pantheon - Makosh/Mokoshi

.
In her name we again see the root KOSH (and, of course, the initial syllable MA, obviously denoting Mother, Woman, Feminine). Being the patroness of all women's, i.e., household affairs and the keeper of the hearth, Makosh was also responsible for family wealth and prosperity
(filled koshes/wallets),
and comfort
(isn’t this where the word oKOSHKO comes from - as an image of home comfort, what’s inside/ on the other side of your home?)

Cat,

in this context, it is
Mokosh’s assistant
and , again,
a guardian animal that lives inside the house,
and in general is also responsible for the wealth and prosperity of the family,
physically protecting
it
from mice and rats
- the enemies of the harvest,
and on the subtle - from evil spirits, troubles and the evil eye
.

A quiet tale about a cat and a mouse

On a starry night, on a moonlit night, on a thin field path, a little mouse walked cautiously, quietly walked to his home.

And a gray-brown cat quietly trudged towards him, and the mouse saw him, hiding behind a snag.

Eka, he thinks, good luck. I'll refresh myself for a night's sleep. It's painful to wander on an empty stomach.

But the mouse was not a mistake, having recognized the spirit of the cat, he quietly hid behind a hummock, gathering all his will in his tail.

The pitch-black night has come, Not a single star is visible. Quiet in the field, quiet in the sky Grace, as it is - peace.

Here they sit, hiding, And in the pitch silence You can hear an owl flying, Yes, over the field, under the moon.

It's a joke, whoever runs first across the field will give himself away in the night. My heart is beating wildly...

The cat doesn’t want to wait, And the little mouse is trembling all over, Eh, now he should go to his mother - the mouse, She will surround her with care.

But under no circumstances should he run, no, no, no. Otherwise, that's it, I fell for the mouse pate.

Quietly the night passes. The mouse is sleeping, the cat is sleeping. It’s a joke, whoever reveals his dream first will snore...

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