Catalog of articles – Interregional Center for Continuing Education “Luch”

Features of a child with ODD level I, ODD level II. Alalia (organization of RPPS, working methods)

Author: Tatyana Aleksandrovna Korekova , Category: Consultations for teachers · 2/2/2018 12:57:00

Good afternoon, dear teachers. At the first meeting, Olga Valerievna talked about children with disabilities and disabilities. The group of children with disabilities is not homogeneous; it includes children with various developmental disorders, the severity of which may vary. Let us remember what developmental disorders such children have.

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What should children know about bees?

To begin with, it is important to provide children with books about beekeeping. Of course, they should be written in a simple, unpretentious manner, devoid of a scientific point of view and, if possible, have several images.

Children should know how to place the life of bees in a hive, the queen and drones, what the role and responsibilities of a bee worker are. They must know not only anatomy, but also how bees built a hive.

It would be good business practice to build a beehive. Children can learn how to assemble parts and how to make a beehive.

Habitats

Bees live over a very wide geographic range, so it's easier to answer where bees don't live than where they do live. So, there are no bees only in those places where there are no flowering plants: hot sandy deserts and cold arctic tundras. In all other places there are bees.

As for the favorite habitats of these insects, they love to settle in mountain crevices, build their hives in the hollows of old trees and earthen burrows. It is important for bees that their habitat is protected from the winds and that there is a body of water nearby.

Why do bees make honey: brief information for children

Many of you are interested in the question: why do bees make honey?

Honey is food for bees. One bee colony can number more than 35,000 individuals, with the smallest colony containing 10,000 individuals. Bees need to get a lot of honey to feed their large colony throughout the year.

After all, honey production is possible in a short period of time, only when plants bloom, they are called honey-bearing. This happens in spring and summer. Then the bees will feed on the reserves that they managed to prepare. If there is a lot of honey, the bee colony survived the winter well; if there is not enough honey, the colony will become very weak and will lose many bees.

You know that bees collect honey not only for themselves. First of all, the beekeeper pumps out the honey reserves. He sells honey and treats his family to it. Therefore, bees have to work very intensively in order to collect the necessary supply of honey for the winter.

Important: A bee colony can eat from 60 to 100 kg of honey per year. Bees constantly have to protect their reserves from other honey lovers, for example, from the honey badger.

Why do bees need honey
Bees were originally wild insects. They built their nests in forests on trees, collecting pollen and nectar from flowering trees. But people noticed that the honey that bees make is very tasty, and later found out that it is also very healthy.

So people began to domesticate wild bees. In Ancient Egypt, bees began to be bred almost 5,000 years ago. First, special nest boxes were attached to the trees, into which a swarm of bees settled. People did not move these decks to their territory, but left them right in the forest. Each deck was marked by its owner.

In different countries, the bee was domesticated at different times: somewhere earlier, somewhere later. But the fact is indisputable that bees live in any area where there is a good climate and plants and trees bloom.

At first, people could not come up with a suitable hive design that would allow them to extract honey without invading the bee colonies. This angered the bees and disturbed their quiet life. Also, the procedure turned into a labor-intensive process. Later, special beehives with frames were invented. It was not difficult to remove these frames from the hive and collect honey. Thus, the lives of bees and humans were not threatened. These hives still exist today, only their design is constantly being improved.

In addition, special suits for beekeepers were invented that protect them from insect bites. A hat with a face shield is required.

Beehives with bees

Bee pests

Bees have plenty of enemies. Let's talk about bees and their pests:

• Moths often settle in a weak hive; to protect the frames, they are fumigated with sulfur, and mint, hops and walnut leaves are laid in the hive. Strong families are able to cope with moths themselves.
• The bee house is often attacked by sweet-toothed ants, and they do so with the entire anthill. During the day they take 1 kg of honey plus larvae and eggs.
• Beekeepers protect themselves from ants by ditches filled with water or by outlining the hive stands with pencils containing poison.

Ants attack hives

• Ham skin beetles, dark beetles that feed on honey and beebread, parasitize the bottom of the hive and honeycombs and lay eggs there. They, just like earwigs, are carriers of dangerous viruses.
• Mice intensively chew bee bread, honeycombs, honey and destroy living bees. To preserve the family, the floors of the winter hut are made of clay with the addition of broken glass, and barriers, baits and traps are installed against pests.
• Birds love to feast on bees. For protection, barriers are installed in the hive entrances to prevent birds from squeezing their heads through.

Parasitic insect - leather beetle

• Wasps, hornets and bumblebees can also attack a weakened family or a single bee and feast on honey, taking advantage of their large size and strength.
• The bees stick around the large enemy and thus carry it out of the nest. If a large animal cannot be removed from the hive, it is covered with sticky propolis and left to be “embalmed.”
• If they are frequently attacked by enemies, the bees may get sick or fly away from the house inhabited by enemies.
• The smallest mites that parasitize the bodies of insects are also dangerous for bees. If their invasion is not detected in time, the family may completely die.

The most entertaining examples

We can talk for a long time about the inhabitants of the hives:

• To increase collections, beekeepers equip their houses on wheels to transport families to places where the most important honey crops bloom.
• The owners provide the insects with wax: sheets of wax are inserted into empty frames and rolled with a hot press. Bees can produce wax themselves, but then there will be many defective cells in the honeycombs.

Bee hive

• Nectar turns into honey in the insect's crop due to the enzymes contained there that break down sucrose. The “receiver” in the hive puts the nectar into cells, where it ripens, evaporating the water and settling.
• Honey with a high fructose content is less sugared.
• According to signs, when working women gather on the walls of the hive, there will be intense heat, they fly to the houses - to the rain.

How bees collect nectar, bring it to the hive and make honey: a brief description for children

To make honey, a bee must collect nectar from a flower, bring it to the hive, and give it to other bees for processing.

Important: Nectar is a liquid that is found in a flower. Nectar consists of water and sugar, which is why honey is so sweet.

Honey may vary in appearance and taste. People love and appreciate these types of honey:

• Buckwheat
• Lime
• Honey from forbs
• White acacia honey

Bees collect nectar from many trees and plants, for example:

• Dandelion
• Clover
• Sunflower
• Fruit trees

Bees land on a flower and suck in nectar with a long proboscis curled into a tube. Bees have two stomachs. One serves for its own saturation, the second for storing nectar. To fill one nectar stomach, a bee must collect nectar from almost 1,500 flowers. To do this, she can fly far from the boundaries of the hive; the flight distance of a bee for nectar is 2-3 km.

The capacity of the nectar stomach is almost equal to the weight of the bee itself. After the bee fills its stomach with nectar, it flies to the hive to give the nectar for processing and feeding the larvae. So the bee works until the evening.

How bees make honey

Bees and butterflies

Here are some facts about butterflies and bees:

• In ancient Italy, it was believed that butterflies were animated flowers that fell from plant stems.
• Insects have different vision, butterflies are able to see bright scarlet and red flowers, and bees, wasps and bumblebees see green, blue, yellow, purple and blue shades, so they pollinate different types of plants. Some flowers set fruit only thanks to certain species of butterflies.

Butterfly eyes

• Unlike bees, butterflies prefer to collect nectar that is not too sweet; it is easier to absorb, the proboscis gets stuck less, and it is easier to carry the load.
• The hawkmoth butterfly is considered the enemy of the hive. Hovering above him, the attacker copies the buzzing of a newborn queen bee; the bee guards allow her into the dwelling, where the hawk moth calmly eats honey.

Hawk Moth

• Butterflies never sleep. The summer sleep of bees lasts a few seconds; in winter they do not hibernate, as some believe, but continue to work; in cold weather their metabolism is only slowed down.
• Bees live 40 days, the queen bee 5-6 years. Butterflies, depending on the species, range from an hour to 270 days.
• If a family loses its queen, the bees increase their lifespan to 200 days. They can also lengthen it in preparation for wintering or swarming: winter ones live 7 times longer than summer ones.

FLY

A fly sat on the window, The fly ate a crumb of bread, We drove the fly away with a rag: “We didn’t invite you to visit.” T. Shorygina You, of course, have seen a fly more than once. Very often flies come to visit us without an invitation. They have two large eyes, which consist of many small faceted eyes. Each large eye consists of four thousand facets. Each such eye gives its own small image. The fly has a good sense of smell thanks to its short but fluffy antennae. Flies are black, sometimes red with a blue or green sheen. There are about five thousand species of flies in total. We usually encounter a housefly. It is very dangerous and carries many different infections: intestinal infections, worm eggs, typhoid fever, cholera and tuberculosis. One fly carries up to 6 million microbes. A fly eats as much as it weighs per day – that’s about 20 milligrams. Interestingly, some species of flies can signal to other flies that food has been detected. A fly, having found an object, first tastes it with its foot and determines whether it is edible or not. If the item is suitable for food, the fly flies away and, using a special substance, transmits this information to other flies. Special pads on its feet help the fly crawl on smooth surfaces. The fly lives only 30–45 days.

Flies lay larvae in the spring, in some kind of waste, for example, in a landfill or in manure. At one time, the fly lays about 120 eggs. Larvae hatch from them. Not everyone survives; some become victims of various animals, for example, frogs. Scientists have calculated: if the offspring of one fly survived completely, then in a year it could cover the entire earth with a layer of one and a half meters! Fortunately, this does not happen, because flies have many enemies in nature. RIDDLES In the summer there are a lot of them, And in the winter they all die out. They jump and buzz in your ear. What are they called? - ... (fly) How I buzz on a hot day, Any ear could hear. I fly into every house, everyone knows me! I am ... (fly) PROVERBS AND SAYINGS • A fly on a horse’s tail will travel a thousand miles. • Winter is scary with wolves, and summer with flies and mosquitoes. • Where there is sweet juice, there is a fly.

Caring for bees and collecting honey

Let us describe interesting facts from the daily life of domestic bees and their beekeepers:

• Bees are the first insects domesticated by humans. They have been bred since ancient times. In Rus', beekeepers were called beekeepers, since they housed honey plants in beetroots (wooden logs); the pollinated areas were considered beeland.
• Let us list the breeds of working bees: Central Russian, Ukrainian, Caucasian mountain, Carpathian, steppe. They differ in proboscis length, color, weight and size. Each breed has different habits and disposition: Central Russians are angry, hardy, with a strong immune system and productive, Ukrainians are less aggressive and give a lot of honey, but it is too sugary.

Ukrainian steppe bee

• Fumigation of the hive with smoke during honey collection is associated with the behavioral characteristics of insects. During a fire, their instinct of self-preservation is triggered, and the bees begin to produce honey, not paying attention to humans, but excess smoke has an irritating effect on them.
• The queen bee does not sting even when irritated; the progenitor of the swarm can only bite a rival.
• During the flowering period of apple, pear, cherry and other fruit trees, gardeners specially bring hives to the site; after pollination, the yield increases sharply.
• Males born from unfertilized eggs are called drones. They do not have a proboscis for collecting nectar; the duty of drones is to protect and fertilize the uterus.

Drone

• Beekeepers leave drones only in breeding hives, because 1 kg of drones consumes 15 kg of honey per month.
• To feed 1,000 larvae you will need 100 g of honey, 30 g of water and 50 g of pollen.
• A family of insects eats 30 kg of honey per year.
• These workers love pickles, they like nectar made from different types of sugars, they are reluctant to eat nectar of one type.
• The queen contributes to the activity and productivity of the colony and is bred in the strongest hive.

Queen bee

• Insects collect the largest amount of honey in Siberia.
• Melittin, contained in bee venom, stops the progression of HIV infection; it does not harm the rest of the body's cells.
• Old bees die only in winter.