Developmental program for developing attention in preschool children.

WHAT IS ATTENTION?

Attention is a certain psychological process, a person’s ability to concentrate on a necessary action. A child’s success at school largely depends on how well it is developed, so it is very important to start working in preschool age, to create conditions for involuntary attention to develop into a voluntary, volitional ability to concentrate. And the best thing parents can do is to develop the ability to concentrate through play.

The following characteristics of this process can be distinguished.

• Volume. That is, the amount of information that a child can retain in his mind.
• Concentration. A child’s ability to concentrate on something specific.
• Sustainability. The time period during which it is possible to maintain concentration.
• Distribution. The ability to divide attention into several simultaneously occurring processes.
• Switchability. The ability to quickly transfer concentration from one action to another.

The task of parents is to work with their children so productively that they form and develop all these characteristics.

Attention is one of the processes of the cognitive, that is, cognitive, sphere of a person - along with memory, thinking, perception and imagination. Without concentration, it is impossible to obtain new information in the required volume and remember it, so this process can be confidently called the first stage of cognition. Then, with the help of memory, a person accumulates acquired information. Only with the necessary level of attention will a child be able to learn cognitive processes such as reading, writing, and learning in the future.

Tests and methods for diagnosing attention

There are many tests to determine attentiveness. You can use them selectively or use several methods at once.

Note! Your child will show the best results in the first 15 minutes. Then his attention will begin to decline and become distracted. Therefore, you should not spend a lot of time on this.

It is worth understanding that a child of preschool and school age will not do anything according to orders. Therefore, the test should be carried out in a relaxed playful manner.

Mindfulness exercises

Currently, it is worth taking a closer look at two types of diagnostics:

• Munsterberg test for attention;
• Bourdon test for attention.

Study of selectivity of attention according to Münsterberg

Most often, this test is carried out to determine the child’s preparation for school education, during the transition from primary to secondary school, to study the complexity of learning and to identify the professional orientation of students. Münsterberg's attention method is a set of letters written without spaces, without highlighting, in the same font and style. The student is asked to find a certain number of words, spending as little time as possible on it.

The Münsterberg test for perception and attention helps to qualitatively solve a problem during which a model of a certain activity is created. In this case, the child must concentrate on the necessary object, realize it, and find it, despite the interference around him.

Munsterberg test

The author invented this method at the beginning of the twentieth century and it has been effectively used for several decades.

Correction test or Bourdon test

When conducting this test, you are also given a form on which an arbitrary number of letters are written in several rows. The test taker is given the task of crossing out certain letters, prepositions or syllables. You may be given the task to cross out one letter and underline another. It checks the distribution of attention. In this case, the student must stop on command (for example, every 60 seconds) and count the number of crossed out letters or syllables.

How to talk to a child correctly, communication rules for parents

The result of the study is checked by the number of uncrossed letters, time used or characters viewed. In this way, the following types of attention are checked:

• Concentration.
• Sustainability.
• Switchability.

Using existing formulas, scores are calculated that serve to assess the attentiveness of the subject.

Bourdon test

KINDS

There are several types of attention that have their own specificity in preschool children.

First of all, passive (involuntary, or unintentional) attention, that is, concentration on something interesting, unusual without the child’s volitional efforts. In preschool age, this type is the main one: first, children pay attention to something noticeable, then they begin to be interested in what they did not know before, new to themselves.

The next stage of development is the formation of voluntary attention, and it is important to understand that it will not arise on its own from involuntary attention; for this it is necessary to train the child. The active variety is directly related to volitional efforts, so if a child is sick or irritated, his ability to concentrate decreases. Voluntary attention begins to form at the age of 4-5, although the first type still remains dominant throughout preschool childhood.

“Types and properties of children's attention in preschool age”

Pimenova Yulia

“Types and properties of children's attention in preschool age”

Very important for learning

Have sensitive attention

If not to develop it

It's difficult to perceive the world.

(Pimenova Yulia Konstantinovna)

I don’t know about you, dear readers, but I often tell my son: “Danya, be more careful !”

- and when he crosses the road, when he does his homework.

But if you think about it, how often do we say such phrases to our children and why? Parents believe that the child is focused on his own and does not pay attention to what they consider important. He is a child who has his own vision of the world and his own priorities. The gadget he holds in his hands is much more interesting to him than the situation on the road, and also the mother walks next to her, with whom the child feels completely safe. While doing homework, your child mentally strives to go outside to the guys who are launching a rocket where he is the commander in chief. Lost concentration .

Attention is a mental process that is necessarily present in the knowledge of the surrounding world and is manifested in the concentration of the psyche on certain objects that are interesting to the child, characterizes the process of selecting the necessary information and discarding unnecessary information. From the huge flow of information pouring from outside onto the child, he chooses what he needs for himself at the moment, this happens thanks to the work of the child’s attention . The nature of attention is such that the highlighted object (stimulus)

occupies the main position - dominant. The action of all other stimuli is inhibited. Less interesting stimuli do not reach the child's consciousness.

Sometimes we parents want too much from our children, forgetting, and sometimes not even thinking, that the stability of attention depends on the age of the child . For example, Beirle determined the maximum duration of children's games at different ages .

For example, children from one to two years old can play for twenty-one minutes and one second. From two to three years old the game lasts twenty-seven minutes. The maximum duration of play for children aged three to four years is fifty minutes. From four to five years, eighty-three minutes and three seconds. Five to six years, ninety-six minutes. Considering the works of Beirle, we see a rapid increase in the stability of attention after three years , and by six years the high level is on the verge of school age . Beiler also studied the increase in concentration based on the number of distractions a child was exposed to within 10 minutes. Thus, he found out that children five to six years old are distracted less often than children from two to four years old, children three to four years old are distracted much less than children two to three years old. At primary school age , children are able to concentrate , attention predominates . Attention is activated , but not yet stable. Maintaining attention is possible thanks to strong-willed efforts and high motivation. As the child's interests expand, voluntary and involuntary attention . At school age, attention develops and improves. Children from grades 4 to 6 experience a noticeable increase in mental development, the development of abstract thinking, logical memory and a noticeable increase in attention .

Attention has certain properties : volume, stability, concentration, selectivity, distribution, switchability and arbitrariness. Violation of each of the properties leads to difficulties in the functioning of attention as a process , as a consequence to deviations in the child’s activities.

Let's look at what deviations occur in a child's activity when attention .

With a small attention span, it is the inability to concentrate on several objects and keep them in mind. I often encounter this problem when playing in classes with children. I lay out the pictures on the table, let them look at them and even pick them up, and then I cover them with a scarf and ask them to name what the child remembers. It has been proven that an adult can concentrate on no more than seven objects. And a six-year-old child is able to perceive not just one object like four-five-year-old children, but even three, and quite fully and in detail. The span of attention narrows if the child needs to perceive several unfamiliar objects at once or objects located close to each other or, conversely, dispersed over a large area. It must be said that the amount of attention directly depends on the child’s interest. After all, he will focus on those objects that interest him.

With insufficient concentration and stability of attention , it is difficult for a child to maintain attention without being distracted or weakening it. Often, the concentration of a preschooler does not need to be developed. For example, I do my homework with my child while the TV is on.

If younger preschoolers can play one game for 30-50 minutes, then by the age of five or six years the duration of the game increases significantly to two hours . This can be explained by the fact that the games of six-year-old children have more complex actions and relationships, children create various new situations, and due to this, interest in the game is maintained. But it's just a game...

It has been established that six-year-old children are able to engage actively and productively for no more than 10-15 minutes. The optimal lesson time for a six-year-old child is 35 minutes, and recess is at least 20 minutes.

With insufficient selectivity of attention , the child cannot concentrate on that part of the material that he needs to solve the problem.

attention switchability , it is difficult for a child to switch from one type of activity to another. (I often encounter in my practice when performing articulatory gymnastics, a child cannot switch from one exercise, for example, “tube”

on another
“smile”
even when looking at me in the mirror)

With a poorly developed ability to distribute attention , the child cannot effectively (without errors)

do several things at the same time.
At preschool age, switching and distribution of attention are poorly developed and require training. I give my children such tasks. “A”
in the table of letters and underline them, and

circle “O” cross out domestic animals with a blue pencil, circle wild animals in red

Insufficient voluntariness does not allow the child to focus attention on demand .

Voluntary attention is formed during his communication with adults (as was proven by L. F. Vygotsky)

.

Such violations require special comprehensive organizational work.

Which should be organized by group specialists, educators, music director, physical education director and, of course, parents who consolidate the acquired skills.

CONCENTRATION STANDARDS

Concentration of attention refers to the period of time during which a person is able to maintain concentration on one action. In children, it can have a different duration depending on age, but even the number of years lived is not a fundamental factor. The norm depends on the individual characteristics of the baby. The table shows specific indicators.

Indicators can be either increased or decreased, because attention, like the body and brain, can be trained with special exercises. Regular classes with a preschooler will give parents and the child a good mood, and will also be very useful for improving the ability to concentrate on something and maintain this concentration. It is necessary to develop it so that the child becomes more observant and can easily detect any small details or subtle signs. All this will further help in the learning process, since attention is closely related to memorization.

FORMATION OF ATTENTION

Psychologists distinguish 6 stages of attention development in children.

1. Disseminated (from 0 to 1 year). Children can be distracted by any noise or new toy.
2. Fixed (1-2 years). The kid, busy with his business, is so absorbed in it that he does not notice anything around him.
3. Flexible single-channel (2-3 years). He may stop what he is doing when he hears an address to himself, but will return to it very quickly.
4. Established single-channel (3-4 years). Children can switch from one process to another, interrupt their activities, and then return to them again.
5. Two-channel short-term (4-5 years). The child gains the ability to do two things at the same time - for example, play and listen to what his mother tells him. If it is necessary to perform a complex action, he is able to concentrate on it.
6. Emerging two-channel (5-6 years). Can do two things at the same time, which is why attention training should begin at this age.

Knowing these stages will help parents understand their child better.

Lesson methods

Starting from 4-5 years, a phase of imaginary psychological well-being, or calm, begins. Now the child becomes obedient and flexible, learns with pleasure, and his enthusiasm for studying the world around him increases.

When developing attention in children 4-5 years old, it is necessary to rely on the child’s desire for independence during this period of time.

We must allow him to do some things on his own and strive to ensure that he completes the task he has begun. Now is the time to give you the opportunity to express your desires and express your thoughts. An attempt to establish rules that are convenient for him will teach the child to react correctly, understand, and empathize with people.

When helping children create their own world from their fantasies on paper or from a construction set, it is necessary to strive for them to explain their goals and objectives in words and talk about heroes from their world. In this way, the formation and development of attention and speech occurs in children 4-5 years old. The person becomes the main character, the main character and achieves the attention he lacks.

At this age, there is a desire to make friends, make new acquaintances, and communicate in a team with others like yourself. Features of the development of attention in preschool children are that the child should be given the opportunity to take part in role-playing games, for example, in a hospital, a store, a war, or act out episodes of favorite fairy tales. The ability to plan sequential actions, distribute roles in the game, learn to communicate, and concentrate attention are perfectly trained in this situation.

All the shortcomings in upbringing and communication defects that the child had at this time are transformed into bad habits, negative traits in behavior.

Mathematical games should take into account that children at this age are capable of the following actions:

• distinguish oval, square, rectangle, etc.;
• arrange the first ten digits in the desired sequence;
• compare - less, more, distinguish the number of objects.

Logic tasks usually include the following techniques:

• determine the differences between two pictures;
• build a constructor from a sample;
• put together puzzles of 4-5 parts;
• 7-10 minutes to do something interesting to him, without diverting his attention;
• generalize objects based on similar characteristics, select words that have opposite meanings, memorize phrases;
• know the names of professions and countries;
• retell your favorite fairy tales;
• describe various fruits, berries, vegetables;
• name insects, tell about them;
• see incorrectly drawn figures.

Parents and teachers must understand that a child can do something interesting for him for a long time. Therefore, a person must be warned in advance about the end of the game. It is important to be interested in children’s opinions, answer “why” questions and provide the opportunity to choose the answers themselves.

TECHNIQUES FOR INCREASING ATTENTION

We have seen that developing the ability to concentrate is of particular importance for preschoolers. And parents should train their children using an unobtrusive game form. Let's highlight a few tricks and techniques that you can use.

• Maintaining interest. Using game forms, you can ensure that the child will study with great pleasure and, accordingly, attentively.
• Stick to the duration of your classes. So, when studying numbers with a 4-year-old child, you need to understand that the child is able to hold attention for no more than 20 minutes, so it is better to keep the educational material within this framework.
• Favorite characters and toys will also help you not lose interest, and therefore listen and perceive what the parent is saying.
• Show by example. You can explain to the child that if he is attentive and tries to fulfill his parents’ instructions, then the result (for example, a tower of blocks) will turn out much better than if he worked without concentration, somehow.
• Reading and attention are interconnected, so to improve the second, you can teach your child the first. While the baby is just getting acquainted with letters, the mother can read interesting fairy tales and stories to him. Afterwards, you definitely need to discuss what you read, asking to retell it, asking questions. This will help you find out how carefully the baby listened.

If the baby has trouble concentrating and is very far from his age norm, then he may have shallow breathing. Inflating balloons, soap bubbles, playing the pipe or whistle will help correct the situation. In addition, studies have proven that walks in the fresh air and active sports games are very beneficial for children.

What are the types of attention?

There are three types of attention: involuntary, voluntary and post-voluntary.

• Involuntary attention arises naturally from the first year of a baby’s life; the child effortlessly concentrates on everything unusual and interesting.
• Voluntary attention is formed closer to school, around the age of 7, and continues to develop every year. The student needs to make an effort to focus on what he has to do, and not on what he wants.
• Post-voluntary attention is similar to voluntary attention, but its peculiarity is that the child performs all tasks with pleasure.>

For example, first-graders have well-developed involuntary attention: they are easily attracted by something unexpected, interesting and bright. At the same time, children do not have to make any effort to concentrate on this. But it is much more difficult for them to concentrate on uninteresting and monotonous work.

TYPES OF EXERCISES FOR DEVELOPMENT

The following types of attention tasks can be distinguished for 5–6 year olds.

• Repetition. The parent draws a series of 2-3 repeating figures on paper, the child’s task is to determine which one should go next and complete the series. Instead of figures, you can build rows of letters.
• Search for the superfluous. At first, the task is simple: for example, the baby is offered 10 triangles and 1 square or 5 animals and one plant. We are gradually making it more complicated: 5 garden flowers and 1 wildflower are presented.
• Find the difference. The game is well known to everyone. Two almost identical pictures are laid out in front of the child, his task is to find those details that are slightly different. The level of difficulty also varies depending on preparedness.

• A variation of the previous task - find two identical ones. The child is offered an illustration that depicts several objects, such as vases, that differ from each other in minor details. The preschooler must carefully examine the models and find two identical ones among them. In the first stages of work, it is better to use pictures with obvious differences; this will help the child gain self-confidence and reinforce his interest. Further tasks become more difficult.
• Working with pictures. There are special illustrations in which animals, such as tigers or wolves, are presented in a veiled form. You can invite your child to find them all.
• Correlation of an object and its shadow.

• Coloring by numbers. The parent gives the child a black and white picture that needs to be made in color, while the picture itself is divided into fragments, each of which is marked with its own number. A decoding of the numbers is provided separately (for example, 6 is pink, 5 is red). The child’s task is to carefully color the image without confusing the tones.
• Drawing by numbers. A very good exercise for preschoolers who are familiar with counting to one hundred, and children of primary school age. The child is offered a picture, which for now consists only of dots, next to which a number is indicated. The kid must connect them, moving in order: first find 1, then connect it with 2, and so on.

It is important to remember that training should be built according to the principle “from simple to complex.” If the child does not succeed in something, you should postpone this task and offer him a simpler option.

EXAMPLES OF SIMPLE GAMES

There are a huge number of all kinds of games and tasks that will help your child learn to concentrate and also give him a good mood. The main thing is to conduct them in a positive way; the child should not have the thought that he is being taught something. It’s better if he is sure that mom and dad are playing with him.

AUDITORY ATTENTION

“Edible – Inedible” is a simple but effective game that you can play with one child or several. Mom throws the ball, saying the name of a dish, product or inedible item, such as clothing. The child listens carefully. If he hears the name of food, then he catches the ball, but if something unrelated to cooking sounds, then he needs to hit the ball.

There are many variations, so when a child is tired of food and is bored, you can offer slightly different games.

• "It flies - it doesn't fly." The mother names animals and birds, the child, when he hears the name of a bird, raises his hands, and when he hears the name of an animal, he crouches. Over time, the task becomes more complicated - the adult names the animal and raises his hands, while the child must pay attention and sit down.
• "Harvest". Mom is reading a story, into which she will periodically insert the words “plums” and “cherries,” and not always appropriately. The child must, firstly, hear the signal words themselves, and then perform the action: for “plums”, jump, for “cherries” - stand on one leg. An important feature is that the exercise is done from simple to complex: first, when pronouncing the text, the parent uses his voice to highlight signal words, then pronounces them in a normal rhythm so that the child is more attentive.
• "Catch - don't catch." You will need two small balls - light and dark. A light child should always catch, and a dark child should only catch when his mother silently throws him. If at the same time the command “Catch” is heard, then you cannot catch.
• "Repeat the rhythm." The mother sets a simple rhythm, beating it with her palms, and the baby must repeat it.
• "Clap." This is also an interesting task, the level of difficulty of which can vary depending on the child’s preparation. The mother gives the instruction: when she claps once, the child stands on his toes, when she claps twice, on his heels, when he claps three times, he squats. The speed of the clapping gradually increases.

All these games are good because they are not tied to a specific place, they can be played almost anywhere, and the child will not have the feeling that he is being taught something, he will have fun and interesting.

SERIES OF TASKS

The child is given instructions to complete several tasks (you need to start with three, gradually increasing their number), while all tasks are listed at once, so the child will have to remember both the actions themselves and their order. For example:

1. Jump 7 times.
2. Bring the red item.
3. Name a garden flower.

If the child did everything correctly, you should definitely praise him, but if something didn’t work out, correct him, but in a soft, delicate manner. Gradually the number of tasks and their complexity increases; such an exercise will also help improve memory.

OTHER EFFECTIVE GAMES

It is very important to constantly offer the preschooler something new, so that he gets the impression of a game, and not a useful activity. For example, "Dwarfs and Giants". The idea is simple: mom names an object, it must be either large (mountain, skyscraper, multi-story building, whale, elephant) or small (needle, button, coin, bead). The child listens, when a word from the “big” series is pronounced, that is, “giant,” he stands on his toes and raises his straight arms up, when the “small” one, he crouches.

If there are several children, you can play “Broken Phone”. To do this, all participants sit in a row, the first whispers a word in the ear of the second child, who passes it on to the third, and so on. The latter listens to the word and pronounces it out loud; if it matches the original version, then the phone works, but if not, it is broken.

“Guess where the woodpecker is.” An adult knocks, imitating the knock of a woodpecker, sometimes loudly (the bird is close), sometimes quietly (far away). The baby’s task is to tell where exactly the woodpecker is located.

VISUAL ATTENTION

There are a large number of exercises that will help improve visual concentration, and you can play in any convenient place - at home, on a walk, on the way to your grandmother. They are simple, do not require any preparation, and are effective.

• Search for an item. The mother describes some object that is in the room (outside), the child must find it with his eyes and name it.
• "Look at me". The child examines his mother, her outfit, hairstyle, and accessories for a few seconds. Then he turns his back to her and answers questions like “what color is my bag”, “am I wearing a lilac jacket”, “do I have a brooch”? The main thing is to formulate questions so that the child has a chance to answer them. You can make the work more complicated: the child looks at his mother, tries to remember the details of her costume, after which she changes something in her appearance, for example, takes off her scarf. The baby must remember the previous image and report what changes have happened to him. The game is played on the principle of increasing complexity: at first the change is obvious, then, when it becomes easier to achieve the required concentration of attention, the details are chosen to be less significant. For example, a mother can remove the ring from one finger and put it on the other, or make two changes to her image (of course, the child must be warned about this).
• Working with a picture. Very similar to the previous task. The child is given a picture that he has not seen before. He should try to remember as many details as possible. After this, the illustration is removed and the baby is asked a series of questions.
• Graphic task "Beetle". The parent draws a sheet of paper in advance to make cells. Places a beetle figurine in one of them. Then he gives the task - listening to his prompts, move the insect. For example: two cells to the right - then one down - now three to the left and one up. Then the task becomes more complicated: mom immediately names several moves: cell down - two to the left - three up. The child must follow the direction with his eyes and place the beetle in the last cell. You can't move your finger.
• Another good exercise is “Cross out the letter.” The mother gives the baby a text, as well as a task - to find all the letters in it, for example, L and cross them out. When this works out well, you can make it more complicated: find A and L, cross out L with one line, and cross out A with two.
• “Do it as it was.” The figures are laid out in front of the child in a certain sequence. These can be buttons of different colors and colors, toy dishes, cards with images. The child tries to remember the sequence, then turns away, and the mother swaps some two objects. Turning around, the baby must say where the changes occurred.

Games to develop attention should be carried out regularly, only in this case can a positive effect be expected from them. Among the many exercises, you can choose those that your baby likes most and turn to them.

Causes of absent-minded behavior and solutions

Often parents are faced with the fact that an 8-year-old child is distracted and inattentive, what to do about it? Being too active causes many problems at school. It will take him too long to master the entire training program. This must be fought. The first step is to find out the reason for this behavior. There are several aspects to look at:

• Character is of particular importance. If he has always been leisurely and inactive, then it will be difficult for him to quickly switch from one task to another. He will often have his head in the clouds, forgetting the purpose of being in class. On the contrary, a choleric child who is too active will try to do many things at the same time without completing any of them.
• An inattentive child may be due to a weakened body, a previous illness, or a developing cold. It may be worth getting tested and checking your hemoglobin level in your blood and blood pressure.
• Sometimes absent-mindedness manifests itself in periods, and the rest of the time the child is quite attentive and diligent. This occurs due to little interest in any subject. Or maybe it’s just difficult for him and he needs help figuring it out.

Distracted attention

Methods for developing attention

Various memory exercises will help your child develop attention. They can be presented in the form of pictures or numbers. Studying simultaneously performed movements helps to distract the talker. For example, rotating your arms in opposite directions: one above your head, the other on your stomach. Or drawing shapes with both hands at the same time (for example, a circle and a rectangle). A group of children are happily involved in such an entertaining and fun process.

Additional Information! Olga Mashtal’s book “The Best Methods for Developing Attention in Children” will be very useful for studying such exercises. It contains 1000 tasks, tests, educational games, text and numerical exercises. It contains tasks for all younger ages, and adults will also enjoy it.

Book by Olga Mashtal “The best methods for developing attention in children”

Games for developing auditory attention

To eliminate inattention, it is necessary to develop not only thinking, but also other aspects, such as hearing and vision.

Here are some games aimed at developing auditory attention:

• “Listen to words” - children are quickly called a series of words, having previously been warned that they must clap their hands or stamp their feet when they hear a word that means an animal (for example, goat or bear). As soon as the children begin to succeed, you can complicate the task by combining several actions: jump at the word that denotes a person (girl) and stomp at the word that denotes the time of day (day).
• “Top-clap” - the adult says different phrases, and the child must clap if it is correct or stomp if it is incorrect. Anyone who is not attentive in class will initially begin to confuse these actions.
• “On the table, under the table, knock” - in this game you need to give the child a task (jump, stand on a chair, raise your right hand, walk along the wall, etc.). At the same time, the parent also performs these actions, but then you begin to confuse the child, saying one task and performing another. A preschooler must learn to do what he is told. The same game can be played by pointing to an object and naming it.
• “Find a pair” - you need to select several pairs of objects (socks, identical buttons, ribbons, plastic spoons) and give the child the task of sorting them into pairs. The older the child, the more pairs there are.

Theme for drawing “Defender of the Fatherland Day” in the middle groups of preschool educational institutions

Games for developing visual attention

Similar games can be played to concentrate visual attention. This could be remembering all the items on the table and then putting one of them away. A good way to match items by color or picture: a white cloud matches a white blouse. An older child can draw pictures in detail.

Important! Visual perception is most developed in preschool age. Younger children will be restless. You should not force them to do tasks using this method.

At the same time, the eyes are the sense organ that is used most often by a person, and its development is very important for the development of a child, as if he were in preschool or adolescence.

Concentration of attention

Accustoming to order and accuracy will also help to overcome hyperactivity and develop increased concentration. In addition, it is worth discussing with your child the importance of developing such useful qualities as observation, searching for errors and shortcomings in work. Teach him to compare the results with how difficult it was at the beginning.

Assiduous and focused child

Here are some more ways to improve your concentration:

• Didactic games - children are immersed in certain situations, from which they independently find a way out, with the correct advice from their elders.
• Logical tasks - children independently learn to interpret certain events and draw the right conclusions.
• Increasing your resourcefulness skills helps you pay more attention to details.
• At an older age, a good way is to practice multiplying large numbers by each other in your head.

Board and online games

It's no secret that children now spend too much time on the computer and smartphone. This only makes them more distracted. But here, too, you can increase the degree of involvement by offering your child educational online games. Many exercises already known to us have long been transferred to applications on the phone. This includes speed reading, anagrams, the same searches for numbers and letters in the table, tags, various comparisons and much more. All you have to do is switch the child from harmful games to useful ones.

Passion for gadgets

Another good option for increasing perseverance and concentration is board games. Chess, checkers, and various team games help not only increase concentration, but also develop memory.