Basic methods of work in kindergarten
What methods and techniques should be used to guide this? Let's list them in more detail:
- Conversations of the “heuristic type”, during which children can verify in practice the correctness of the material being told by the teacher.
- Solving all emerging issues of a problematic nature “on the fly”, without delay. Otherwise, the child may lose interest in studying the topic.
- Constant observation of the surrounding world.
- Modeling processes that constantly occur in living nature.
- Conducting similar experiments.
- All results of experiments and experiments must be recorded in the form of colorful, detailed drawings.
- If possible, you should bring high-quality handouts to classes and include recordings of wildlife sounds.
- The teacher should invite students to imitate these sounds by playing themed games.
- The emphasis in descriptions should be on the development of artistic expression, which allows you to accurately and beautifully express your thoughts without stuttering. This is how correct diction also develops, which will certainly be useful to a person in all subsequent periods of his life.
- Setting up realistic situations that involve solving them using creative methods.
- Various work exercises.
So we looked at what should characterize the correct use of person-centered technologies in modern educational institutions and kindergartens.
Features of working in a preschool educational institution
As we have already noted, student-oriented technologies are also used in preschool educational institutions. Of course, in this case there are specific features that must be taken into account during the work process.
Today, high technologies, which are widespread in every layer of modern society, are of prevailing importance. The teacher’s task is to use the possibilities of interactive educational technologies even in kindergarten. This will immediately interest the kids and give them an incentive to independently study the proposed topic.
The position of the child in the educational process is fundamentally important. The teacher must adhere to a simple belief: “Not next to him, not above him, but together!” The goal of this approach is to promote in every possible way the harmonious development of a self-sufficient personality, self-confident, freed from complexes that significantly interfere with the normal educational process.
The main task of a kindergarten teacher is to develop a child’s research type of thinking and the ability to independently, consciously and effectively study the world around him. It should be remembered that the main method of educational work should be the technology of solving some practical problems in an easy, playful form. You should offer children some kind of task that can be solved by conducting interesting and exciting experiments.
Main tasks and goals
What rules should be followed when “professing” student-oriented technologies in teaching activities? Oh, there are quite a lot of them. Let's list them in detail:
- It is imperative to develop and implement individual education programs that focus on the abilities and talents of each child.
- Constructive simulation games and group dialogues should be conducted.
- Students themselves should be directly involved in the creation of educational material. This greatly stimulates their interest in the topic being studied.
In addition, student-oriented pedagogical technologies must necessarily take into account the following features:
- Throughout the lesson, you need to assess the psycho-emotional state of your students.
- Maintaining the highest possible level of motivation.
- Identifying the experience of each child on the topic proposed in the lesson. The material must be presented, focusing on the specific characteristics of each training group.
- When explaining a new term unknown to a child, you need to accurately convey its meaning to him. Questions “Do you understand?” and an affirmative nod of the head in response often indicate that neither the teacher himself nor his student is interested in actually mastering the material.
- An experienced psychologist must consistently work with children, on the basis of whose recommendations the entire educational process is built. In fact, personality-oriented pedagogical technologies are impossible without the close work of psychologists with each class.
- In the classroom, it is necessary to widely use the practice of group, pair or individual work, abandoning the habit of addressing the class in a “frontal” way.
- Do not forget about the different levels of perception of boys and girls. Simply put, it is imperative to take into account the gender aspect in your work. In this way, the technologies of student-centered education are fundamentally different from many teaching methods that are used in modern schools.
- Each topic should be discussed using different teaching techniques. This allows the child to better master and consolidate the material in memory.
- It is necessary to use a scheme of self-assessment and mutual assessment of the mastery of the material by each student.
- It is necessary to organize the educational process in such a way that children develop confidence in their strengths and skills.
- Reflection is required at the end of each lesson: students repeat what they have learned and tell the teacher about all the points that interested them.
