Master class for educators on experimenting with various materials. material on the topic
Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution
“Combined kindergarten No. 49 “Rosinka”
Master class for teachers on experimentation
with various materials.
Educator:
Isachenko L.V.
2017
Purpose of the master class: Demonstrate to educators some types of experimentation with paper, cardboard, and water.
Objectives: 1. Show how experiments can be used in experimental
children's activities.
2. Develop cognitive interest in the world around us, the ability
share your experience with other people.
Progress of the master class
Slide 2. I would like to start my speech with a Chinese proverb
Tell me and I’ll forget, show me and I’ll remember, let me try and I’ll understand.
New knowledge is acquired firmly and for a long time when the child hears, sees and does it himself.
It is known that knowledge of the world of living and inanimate nature, the establishment of cause-and-effect relationships occurs more successfully in the process of experimental activity and experimentation.
The word “experiment” comes from Greek and is translated as “test, experience.”
A child is a natural explorer of the world around him. The world opens up to him through the experience of his personal feelings, actions, and experiences.
Children love to experiment. This is explained by the fact that they are characterized by visual-effective and visual-figurative thinking, and experimentation, like no other method, corresponds to these age-related characteristics. In preschool age, it is the leader, and in the first three years it is practically the only way to understand the world. Experimentation has its roots in the manipulation of objects, as L.S. has repeatedly said. Vygodsky.
In the process of experimentation, preschoolers have the opportunity to satisfy their inherent curiosity (Why? Why? How? What will happen...), to feel like scientists, researchers, discoverers.
The more varied and interesting the search activity, the more new information the child receives, the faster and more fully he develops.
Today I want to show you some types of experimentation with different materials that can be used with children.
Children love to play and listen to fairy tales, so I will show all the experiments in the form of a fairy tale and a game. I consider this an effective method, because it is easier for children to perceive and understand new information in a form that is close to them - fairy tales. The fairy tale is called "Alice's Journey into the World of Wonders."
Slide 3
Educator: Once upon a time there was a girl, Alice. She was very curious, like all children. One day Alice heard birds talking about what they had seen in other lands. She wondered what was going on around her house, because she had never been anywhere before. And Alice set off on a journey around her native land in search of adventure.
Slide4
Going beyond the fence, she saw a small pond, many mysterious flowers were floating in it, they were water lilies. The sun had already begun to rise and Alice saw these beautiful flowers blooming.
Experience No. 1
Cut out flowers with long petals from colored paper. Using a pencil, curl the petals towards the center. Now lower the water lilies onto the water poured into the basin. Literally before your eyes, flower petals will begin to bloom. This happens because the paper gets wet, gradually becomes heavier and the petals open.
Slide 5
Educator: Then she saw that some small creatures appeared on the surface of the water, then disappeared again, they were fish that frolicked in the sun.
Experience No. 2
Take a glass of fresh sparkling water and drop a grape into it. It is slightly heavier than water and will sink to the bottom. But gas bubbles, like small balloons, will immediately begin to land on it. Soon there will be so many of them that the grape will float up.
But on the surface the bubbles will burst and the gas will fly away. The heavy grape will sink to the bottom again. Here it will again become covered with gas bubbles and float up again. This will continue several times until the water runs out.
Slide 6
Educator: But then the wind blew, several broken branches fell to the ground, clouds appeared and it began to rain. Alice saw that the branches began to straighten out after they got wet.
Experience No. 3
You will need 5 matches. Break them in the middle, bend them at a right angle and place them on a saucer. Place a few drops of water on the folds of the matches. Watch. Gradually the matches will begin to straighten out and form a star.
Educator: The reason for this phenomenon, which is called capillarity, is that wood fibers absorb moisture. It creeps further and further through the capillaries. The tree swells, and its surviving fibers “get fat”, and they can no longer bend much and begin to straighten out.
Slide 7
Alice hid from the rain under a canopy of leaves. A little time passed and the rain stopped and the sun appeared again. Alice decided to move on. Then she saw a rainbow
Experiment No. 4 “Rainbow in a glass”
1. Place the glasses in a row. We add a different amount of sugar to each of them: in the 1st – 1 tbsp. l. sugar, in the 2nd - 2 tbsp. l., in the 3rd - 3 tbsp. l., in the 4th - 4 tbsp. l.
2. Pour 3 tbsp into four glasses placed in a row. spoons of water, preferably warm, and mix. The fifth glass remains empty. By the way, the sugar will melt in the first two glasses, but not in the rest.
3. Then, using a teaspoon, add paint to each glass and mix. In the 1st - red, in the 2nd - yellow, in the 3rd - green, in the 4th - blue.
4.Now comes the fun part. Using a syringe without a needle, we begin adding the contents of the glasses into a clean glass, starting from the 4th glass, where there is the most sugar, and in order - counting down. We try to pour along the edge of the glass wall.
5. 4 multi-colored layers are formed in the glass - the bottom one is blue, then green, yellow and red. They don't mix. And it turned out to be such a striped “jelly”, bright and beautiful.
Educator: What is the secret of this experience for children? The concentration of sugar in each colored liquid was different. The more sugar, the higher the density of the water, the “heavier” it is and the lower this layer will be in the glass. The red liquid with the least sugar content, and therefore the lowest density, will be at the very top, and the blue one with the most will be at the bottom.
Slide 8
Alice traveled further, and on her way there was a ravine - through which she had to cross.
Experiment No. 4 “Glass on an accordion”
Place two glasses next to each other and cover them with a sheet of paper. Now try placing the third glass in the middle of the sheet. The glass does not hold - the paper bends under its weight. What to do?... Fold the sheet like an accordion and cover the glasses with it again. Now put the third glass on top... It holds! Its weight is distributed over both glasses thanks to the “accordion”, which is much stronger than a regular sheet of paper.
Slide 9
Educator: The girl walked and walked and saw in front of her a huge drop that was on a flower and did not fall.
Experience No. 5
Cover a glass of water (not necessarily full) with a piece of cardboard. Then, holding the cardboard with your hand, carefully turn the glass over. Now remove your hand. The cardboard will remain in place and water will not spill out of the glass.
A sheet of paper holds atmospheric pressure, which from the outside acts with greater force than the weight of the water in the glass.
Alice really enjoyed walking and exploring this huge and interesting world around her. But she still has many questions:
1. Why do flowers bloom?
2. Why do fish swim?
3. Why do the branches straighten out?
4. Why can you get away with it?
5. Why doesn't the water pour out?
Discussion of experiments with teachers.
Conclusion: The main advantage of the experiments that we conduct with children is that they allow the child to look at the world around him differently. He can see something new in the known and change his point of view on objects, phenomena, and situations. This expands the boundaries of cognitive activity; you just need to give them the necessary direction. In the process of experimentation, the child’s memory is enriched, his thought processes are activated, since the need constantly arises to perform operations of analysis and synthesis, comparison, classification, and generalization.
Dear teachers, I hope that you liked the master class and that together with your children you will conduct the same and other experiments with various materials.
Thank you for your attention.
