Introducing children 5-6 years old to their hometown through virtual excursions

Methods for introducing preschoolers to sights

At preschool age, children absorb information about everything that surrounds them. To familiarize children with the sights of their hometown, it is appropriate to use various working methods. For children of senior preschool age, it is advisable to use visual and playful methods of forming ideas. When getting acquainted with the hometown, the teacher uses various means of education: works of oral folk art, the immediate environment, the nature of the native land, fiction, fine arts, music, cinema, the child’s independent activity, the environment in which the preschooler lives, communication. A tour is a visual method of forming ideas about the sights of your hometown. A traditional excursion allows you to integrate children's development across various educational areas. In modern conditions, traditional excursions have become difficult to use. But the development of information technology makes it possible to use virtual excursions in work.

In preschool age, feelings dominate all aspects of children's lives. In modern society there is a growing need for people who love and know their homeland. Therefore, starting from preschool age, it is necessary to acquaint children with the history, traditions and culture of their small Motherland. Familiarization with the hometown is the most important task of patriotic education of preschool children. The educational significance of ideas about the small Motherland has been studied in numerous pedagogical studies of the past and present; there is modern experience of practicing teachers on this issue. The main forms of local history work are walks, excursions, travel and hikes, relay races, rallies, and expeditions. However, it should be noted that most of the presented forms relate to school local history work. Due to the characteristics of preschool age and the working conditions of the kindergarten, it is not always possible to introduce preschoolers to their native land using these forms. An alternative could be virtual excursions. In recent years, the problem of using virtual excursions in educational activities has received attention from E.V. Alexandrova, O.V. Alekseeva, M.V. Liseiko, V.V. Ryabova, O.Yu. Tokareva, N.V. Ustyuzhaninova and others. The problem of forming knowledge about the world around us in the process of environmental education of children was considered in the works of authors I.V. Volkova, T. Bogdanets, A.N. Zakhlebny, I.D. Zvereva, L.V. Moiseeva, L.P. Simonova, I.T. Suravegina, etc.

The moral and patriotic development of children, according to a common opinion, is one of the main tasks of preschool education and includes the development in children of love and affection for their family, home, kindergarten, street, city, development of respect for nature, respect for work , expanding views about the country, developing a sense of responsibility and pride for the country’s successes, a sense of respect for other peoples. Work in this area is carried out gradually, from the close, familiar - family circle, kindergarten, to the distant - city, country.

Long-term plan for working with older children. Topic: "Getting to know your hometown"

Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution "Kindergarten No. 17"

Long-term plan for working with older children

Topic: “Getting to know your hometown”

Developer: Safronova T.A.

Teacher of the highest quarter categories

Lysva 2022

The teacher’s task when introducing children to the history of their native land is to show the complexity, inconsistency, and ambiguity of the historical path of their native land.

The richest materials on the history of our city collected by local historians, archaeologists and writers make it possible to glorify the socio-economic, political and cultural formation of the region

Each city has its own characteristics of historical development, specific features of culture and nature, which make up the phenomenon that forms in every person interest and attachment to his native land, his patriotic feelings.

Much has been written about the importance of introducing a child to the culture of his people, since turning to the national heritage fosters respect and pride for the land on which you live. Therefore, children need to know and study the culture of their ancestors. It is the emphasis on knowledge of the history of the people and their culture that will help in the future to treat the cultural traditions of other peoples with respect and interest.

Technological scheme of the experiment

We live in Lysva - a city of labor and military glory with its own history and long-standing traditions. Streets named after heroes, architectural monuments, sculptures - everything speaks about the past and present of our city. If we want our children to love their country, their city, we need to show them from an attractive side, especially since we have something to be proud of. In order for children to be interested, they need to present the material intelligibly, understandably, emotionally, starting with what surrounds them and gradually expand the circle of their knowledge.

At the beginning of the local history work, we conducted a diagnostic to identify children’s knowledge about their hometown. The results showed that most children do not know about the historical past of their city, its culture and attractions. To enrich the local history ideas of preschoolers, we set the following tasks:

— introduce children to the history and modernity of the city;

- to form in children an idea of various aspects of life in their hometown and its inhabitants;

— develop the desire to know your city;

- promote the development of a patriotic attitude towards the small homeland.

Work to familiarize older preschoolers with their hometown was carried out in the following areas: history of the city, city attractions, symbols and work of adults. The assigned tasks were realized through all types of activities: knowledge, communication, work and artistic creativity, play, work with parents. We developed a long-term plan that reveals the content of work for each type of activity, using a variety of forms of work: classes, conversations, reading fiction, compiling a story from pictures, thematic albums, excursions and walking walks, role-playing, board-printed and didactic games. The use of such a variety of activities helps to consolidate the acquired knowledge in children, has a beneficial effect on the education of patriotic and civic feelings, and makes it possible for children to feel their involvement in the history and modern life of the city.

Objectives of patriotic education

The tasks of patriotic education in the Program are considered within the educational field of Social and communicative development by age. Let's look at them in more detail in the older group (from 5 to 6 years):

At this age, it is planned to expand children's views about their small Motherland. The teacher tells the children about the sights, culture, and traditions of their native land; about magnificent people who glorified their region. The child’s views broaden about what his native country is, about what public holidays are traditional for the country (March 8, Defender of the Fatherland Day, Victory Day, New Year, etc.). The teacher is engaged in the formation of a feeling of love for the Motherland;
to form views that the Russian Federation (Russia) is a large, multinational country. Tell the kids that the main city, the capital of our Motherland, is Moscow. Children are told about the flag and coat of arms of the Russian Federation, introduced to the melody of the anthem;
expand the child’s views about the Russian army. Cultivate respect for the defenders of the fatherland. Talk about the difficult but honorable duty to defend the Motherland, protect its peace and security; about how during the wars our grandfathers, great-grandfathers and fathers heroically fought and protected our country from enemies. Invite military veterans from among the children’s close family members to the kindergarten. The teacher examines paintings, reproductions, and albums on military topics with the children.

Methods for forming ideas traditionally include:

Observations (for example, observing the working life of city residents, changes in the appearance of the city, district, street, new buildings being erected, etc.);
A story, explanations from the teacher, combined with a demonstration of the necessary objects and direct observations of the child;
Conversations with the guys about the country, hometown;
Reading children's works of art, looking at reproductions of paintings;
The teacher learns songs, poems, sayings, proverbs with the pupils, fairy tales are read to the children, and relevant musical works are listened to with them;
Children are introduced to the types of folk decorative paintings;
It is possible to involve children in participating in socially useful work in an environment that is closest to the children (children can work on the site in a kindergarten, participate in collective work with their parents, the purpose of which is to improve the territory of the kindergarten, etc.);
Children are given approval if they are proactive and strive to independently maintain order in their immediate environment, if they take care of public property, if they honestly carry out assignments, and behave well in public places;
The teacher must show his own example of love for his work, his street, his city, and he himself must actively participate in social life (it is important not to forget that the teacher’s views on life, his beliefs, judgments, active life position are a very strong factor in education);

An important question is the content of children’s ideas about their hometown. Let's look at the example of children getting to know the city of Belaya Kholunitsa.

The city is rich in attractions and monuments, to which you can organize virtual excursions: to the monument to the fallen soldiers in the Great Patriotic War; to the monument to Chernobyl victims from Belaya Kholunitsa; to the memorial to the fallen residents of Belaya Kholunitsa in the city center during the Great Patriotic War; to the monument to those who fell in the struggle for Soviet power in 1918; visit the Local Lore Museum.

In your work, you should actively use didactic games, which can help not only to record acquired knowledge about your native land, but also to learn a lot of new things.

So, for example, the didactic game “Sights of Belaya Kholunitsa” helps to intensify a child’s interest in the historical monuments of the city, historical and cultural heritage; contributes to the emergence of a sense of pride in the architectural monuments of the city of Bela Holunica.

The role-playing game “Enchanted City” is aimed at strengthening the child’s knowledge about the sights of his hometown; contributes to the emergence of a sense of pride in the architectural monuments of the city. These and many other games can be used independently and in joint activities.

Consultation for parents. How to introduce your child to your hometown

Consultation for parents “Introduce your child to your hometown!”

Purposeful familiarization of a child with his hometown should be considered as an integral part of the formation of patriotism in him.
After all, the child’s sense of homeland is associated with the place where he was born and lives. The task of parents is to deepen this feeling, to help a growing person discover the Motherland in what is near and dear to him - in his immediate environment. This is a street and a square where the child is constantly, a yard where he plays with children, a kindergarten, which is a second home for him... All this, while the child is small, is perceived by him as an integral part of his vital environment, without which he cannot imagine his life. "I". To expand the range of ideas about one’s hometown, to give some historical information about it that is accessible to a child, showing everything that people sacredly revere, means to expand the horizons of the cognizable, planting a spark of love for the Motherland in a child’s heart. Preschool childhood is a time of discovery. The task of adults is to help the child make discoveries, filling them with educational content that would contribute to the formation of his moral feelings. Let the little person, with your help, discover the beauty of his hometown and be surprised by the new things that he has seemingly known for a long time. Adults, walking with a preschooler, each time find an object to observe. Here is a child who sees his street in the morning when he goes to kindergarten. This is a business street, slowly hurrying, with groups of people at trolleybus and bus stops. One side of the street is illuminated by the sun, the other is in the shade. The evening street is completely different: the houses seem higher, the sky against the backdrop of bright lanterns is bottomlessly dark, the shop windows are especially elegant... The child sees a winter street when the first snow has fallen, and a spring street with sparkling drops, with mirror puddles reflecting sunbeams, a summer street a street illuminated by light, and an autumn street with gray rains. And how much joy a preschooler experiences when he sees a pre-holiday street decorated with flags, banners, garlands of flowers and lights! All these are impressions that help him get acquainted with the street from different angles, discovering something new in the familiar, ordinary. So the child, with the help of loved ones, peers into what surrounds him, sees the working and festive life of his hometown. A four-year-old child is able to learn the name of his street and the one on which his kindergarten is located. It is useful to draw the attention of an older child to those objects that are located on the nearest streets - a school, a cinema, a library, a post office, a pharmacy, a department store, a hairdresser, talk about their names, and emphasize that all this was created for the convenience of people. The range of objects that older preschoolers are introduced to is expanding - this is a nearby street, the area as a whole and its attractions. It is useful to explain to the child who the street was named after. He is introduced to the memorable places of his hometown. And in this, parents have a special role, because they have more opportunities than a kindergarten to go with their child on an excursion to any, even remote part of the city. How much information about his hometown can an older preschooler learn? What concepts are accessible to his understanding? With the help of an adult, he gradually learns the following: - every person has a home and a city or village where he was born and lives. When they say “Pavlodar” this indicates that a person belongs to the city where he lives. Every person loves his hometown and is proud of it; - an older preschooler must know the name of his city and his street, in whose honor it is named, know the postal address, the path from home to kindergarten, and navigate the nearest streets; - know individual attractions and historical places of your hometown, main streets and avenues, architectural ensembles and monuments; — know about the capital of our Motherland Astana: this is the main city of Kazakhstan. The capital (like all cities of our country) is famous for its workers, scientists, and initiative initiatives that are taken up in various parts of the Motherland. Hometown... No matter what city you live in, it is always the region closest to your heart. Each city is famous for its history, traditions, monuments, places associated with the past, the heroism of people during the Great Patriotic War, the best people of the Motherland. When introducing a child to his hometown, it is necessary to rely on his experience, and also take into account the psychological characteristics of the preschooler. So, for example, one cannot help but take into account the emotionality of their perception of the environment, the figurativeness and concreteness of thinking, and impressionability. That is why getting to know your hometown should be carried out on the most important, bright, memorable. And one more thing: cultivating love for one’s hometown as the beginning of patriotism means connecting the entire educational process with the surrounding social life and nearby and accessible objects. But our little contemporary needs to show Pavlodar, not only as a beautiful city with its ancient monuments and new districts, but also as the center of everything new, advanced in the region, to show the vibrant working life of Pavlodar residents. It is useful to tell an older preschooler : Pavlodar is the center of the cultural and scientific life of the region: many cinemas, sports facilities, various educational institutions, institutes, museums, and cultural centers are concentrated here. Residents of Pavlodar are proud of the sports palace and museum. People from all over the world come to Pavlodar for sports and youth meetings, music and art festivals. All these concepts are revealed to the child through direct life observations of the labor and social affairs of parents and Chelny residents. The task of adults is to help the child understand the social phenomena available to him, and, if possible, to introduce him to the life of Pavlodar residents. So, for example, you can tell an older preschooler that the residents of Pavlodar constantly keep order on the streets, plant flowers and trees for landscaping. This means that he, a little Pavlodar resident, must be involved in the affairs of adults - take care of everything that surrounds him (do not trample lawns, do not litter on the street, take care of green spaces). This begins the formation of a child’s sense of pride in his hometown. When introducing children to their hometown, one cannot remain silent about the memory of the older generation - the feat of Pavlodar residents during the Great Patriotic War. It is useful to introduce older preschoolers to monuments to heroic defenders . In addition to excursions and targeted walks to familiarize children with their hometown, you have many means and methods at your disposal: observations, changes in the appearance of the city, streets; a story, an explanation from an adult combined with a demonstration and direct observations of a child; reading children's and fiction literature about their hometown and events related to it, as well as looking at paintings, illustrations, and watching filmstrips. Sets of postcards and sets with views of cities will help preschoolers get acquainted not only with their city, but also with others. Learning poems and songs, listening to music about their hometown will create an emotional mood in the child. Involving a child in feasible socially useful work in his immediate environment in the improvement of the yard, street, and kindergarten territory. The child is more careful about what is made with his own hands. The entire complex of influence should be aimed at arousing in the preschooler a feeling of admiration for his hometown, instilling in him love and affection for the places where he was born and lives. And I would also like to emphasize the special importance of the personal example of parents in instilling patriotism and love for their city.

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Formation of a developmental environment in the group

Serious attention should be paid to the formation of a developmental environment in the group, which promotes the cognitive development of children, enriching and consolidating their knowledge of their native land:

in the book corner there are collections of postcards about the city, homemade books “Streets of our city”, “Memorable places of White Kholunitsa”, literature about the city and thematic albums.
in the corner of artistic creativity, a large material of Belokholunitsky artists can be placed, such as landscape artist V.P. Belorybkin, artist L.P. Shkoldin.

In terms of working with parents, you need to use all kinds of forms: parent meetings using presentations, conversations, consultations, surveys, joint quizzes, crafts and drawing competitions, etc. Folding folders and consultations with information about city streets, memorable places, workdays of city residents, the history of the creation of the coat of arms and flag of the Russian Federation will also be available, and a library of educational literature for parents about the cultural values of the city will be selected. Together with parents, it is possible to create a photo exhibition “We are the inhabitants of Belaya Kholunitsa”, perform a joint quiz “Experts of our hometown”, and also organize exhibitions of children’s works made in collaboration with parents: “My hometown”, “Nature of the native land through the eyes of a child” .

A virtual tour is a type of productive interactive learning method. A virtual excursion is an excursion in which the excursion program provides not only for the process of perceiving words and visualization, but also for involving children in activities through various means and participants in the event. Thanks to the virtual excursion, variety is introduced into the process of assimilation of educational material, the horizons are developed, and new material is consolidated through the use of visual methods. Preschool children, through the use of virtual excursions, have the opportunity to be completely immersed in new material through the use of a form that is interesting to them. When children have the opportunity to experience the full atmosphere, children can understand new learning material more and more deeply.

A modern virtual excursion is more reminiscent of an exciting journey or a fairy tale, in which children can participate in rescuing the main characters, solving unusual riddles, drawing, designing, sculpting from various materials and much more. The teacher can take on the role of a guide or the main character of the trip, which is the difference between a regular tour and a virtual one.

If you carry out work to familiarize yourself with your hometown systematically, and approach it wisely, then children will have an enriched stock of knowledge about the world that surrounds them, about the features of the city from the perspective of history and nature, a cognitive interest in studying the city will be formed, a love for the city will be cultivated, pride in outstanding people, ordinary workers who live and work for the good of the city. Purposefully carried out work in this direction can become the basis for instilling true patriotism in children.

Introducing children 5-6 years old to their hometown through virtual excursions - Methods for introducing preschoolers to the sights