The concept of "vitamins"
Vitamins are organic substances that come from outside or are synthesized in the body, participate in the construction of enzymes and hormones, which in turn act as regulators of various biochemical processes.
Beneficial substances include trace elements, essential amino acids and other vital substances that enter the body daily with food.
Microelements, like vitamins, are the basis of enzymes, specialized cells, and hormones. Essential amino acids are vital building materials. Contained in animal proteins.
Presentation on the topic: VITAMINS AND THEIR IMPORTANCE IN LIFE
Slide description: Every person wants to be healthy. Health is a wealth that cannot be bought with money or received as a gift. People themselves strengthen or destroy what is given to them by nature. One of the most important elements of this creative or destructive work is nutrition. Everyone is well aware of the wise saying: “A man is what he eats.” The food we eat contains various substances necessary for the normal functioning of all organs, helping to strengthen the body, healing, and also harmful to health. Along with proteins, fats and carbohydrates, vitamins are essential, vital components of nutrition. All life processes occur in the body with the direct participation of vitamins. Vitamins are part of more than 100 enzymes that trigger a huge number of reactions, help maintain the body's defenses, increase its resistance to various environmental factors, and help adapt to an increasingly deteriorating environmental situation. Vitamins play a vital role in maintaining immunity, i.e. they make our body more resistant to disease. Everyone probably knows that vitamins are an essential part of food. They often say: “This food is healthy, it contains a lot of vitamins.” But few people know exactly what vitamins are, where they come from, what foods they are found in, what importance they have for our health, how and when to take vitamins and in what quantities. Every person wants to be healthy. Health is a wealth that cannot be bought with money or received as a gift. People themselves strengthen or destroy what is given to them by nature. One of the most important elements of this creative or destructive work is nutrition. Everyone is well aware of the wise saying: “A man is what he eats.” The food we eat contains various substances necessary for the normal functioning of all organs, helping to strengthen the body, healing, and also harmful to health. Along with proteins, fats and carbohydrates, vitamins are essential, vital components of nutrition. All life processes occur in the body with the direct participation of vitamins. Vitamins are part of more than 100 enzymes that trigger a huge number of reactions, help maintain the body's defenses, increase its resistance to various environmental factors, and help adapt to an increasingly deteriorating environmental situation. Vitamins play a vital role in maintaining immunity, i.e. they make our body more resistant to disease. Everyone probably knows that vitamins are an essential part of food. They often say: “This food is healthy, it contains a lot of vitamins.” But few people know exactly what vitamins are, where they come from, what foods they are found in, what importance they have for our health, how and when to take vitamins and in what quantities.
Types of vitamins
Vitamin A is important for vision, normal skin and hair. The richest in it are liver and fish oil. B vitamins – are involved in energy metabolism. Contained in grains, cereals, meat, yeast. Vitamin C – together with vitamins A and E, prevent the formation of free radicals. It is important for connective tissues and iron absorption. Fresh vegetables and fruits are richest in vitamin C. Vitamin D can be produced in the human body independently, from cholesterol in the skin, under the influence of ultraviolet radiation. Regulates the exchange of phosphorus and calcium. Egg yolks, cream, and butter are rich in this vitamin. Vitamin E – reduces the risk of thrombosis, is important for good skin condition and muscle development. Contained in vegetable oils, spinach, beets, cabbage.
Project “Vitamins are our friends”
Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution combined type kindergarten No. 7 “Fairy Tale” in the village of Mostovsky municipal formation Mostovsky district
project
"Vitamins are our friends"
Project type:
— According to the dominant activity in the project: cognitive - creative
-By the number of project participants: group (children, parents, teachers)
-By the nature of contacts: among children of the same group.
-By time: short-term (October).
Applicant: children of different age groups
Performed:
Educator M.S. Biryukova
Objective of the project:
To form in children ideas about proper nutrition and a healthy lifestyle.
Tasks:
Introduce the concept of “vitamins” and their role in human life.
Establish the relationship that health depends on proper nutrition (food should be not only tasty, but also healthy)
To clarify and enrich the knowledge of children and parents about the benefits of vitamins, how vitamins affect the human body.
To promote the creation of an active position of parents in the desire to eat healthy foods.
Clarification of concepts: “Fruits”, “Vegetables”, “Berry”. Develop the ability to generalize based on essential features.
To develop in children ideas about the benefits of vegetables, fruits, and berries for human health.
Develop ideas about vitamins and a healthy lifestyle.
Problems:
1. Doctor Aibolit comes to the children and says: “There is a flu in the city and in order not to get sick you need to take enough vitamins. What do you think vitamins are and where do they “live”?”
Problem situation:
– What are vitamins? What products contain them? How can vitamins help you avoid getting sick?
Children set themselves the task: Find out more about vitamins, collect material...
2. Activate the cognitive and speech activity of children through the integration of educational areas.
3. Ignorance by parents about the quantity, quality, variety of products, timeliness and regularity of intake is an important factor in preserving and strengthening the health of children.
Relevance of the project:
The most pressing problem today is strengthening the health of children. V. A. Sukhomlinsky wrote: “I am not afraid to repeat again and again: caring for the health of a child is the most important work of a teacher.” Health is considered as complete physical, mental and social well-being, as a harmonious state of the body, which allows a person to be active in his life and achieve success in various activities. Deterioration in the quality of nutrition and lack of vitamins and microelements in food negatively affect the physical development of children. To achieve harmony with nature, you need to learn to take care of your health from childhood. It is in childhood that the foundations for a healthy organization of a child’s life for the future are laid. Therefore, it is so important to give children an idea about vitamins, their benefits for human health, and the content of certain vitamins in vegetables and fruits.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is fat-soluble, that is, it can be deposited in the liver and tissues. And this is a whole group of substances that are similar in chemical structure and retinol is the predominant active form that accumulates in tissues and in case of overdose, toxic reactions develop. The main source of retinol and other retinoids are animal products.
Vitamin precursors include carotenoids and carotene, the most important among them. You can find it in plant products. This provitamin is an antioxidant, and its main feature is that it “converts” into vitamin A only as needed, so there is practically no risk of overdose.
Role and benefits for the body:
- problems with vitamin deficiency
1) nyctalopia or “night blindness” – decreased visual acuity in low light; 2) predisposition to infectious diseases; 3) dry skin, red border of lips; 4) disorders of reproductive function; 5) growth retardation in children.
Vitamin A is found in foods such as:
- egg yolk, milk, liver, cheese and butter.
- and in the form of beta-carotene, the vitamin is found in spinach, carrots, zucchini, corn, mango and papaya.
Project work on the topic: “Vitamins”
Research methods:
qualitative reactions to vitamins A, E, C; observation, analysis, comparison.
As a result of research, these vitamins were not found in all products. Therefore, you need to be very careful when choosing products. The information written on the “labels” does not always correspond to real indicators.
1.
History of discovery and classification of vitamins.
Vitamins are complex organic substances of a non-protein nature that are present in food products in small quantities and play an important role in metabolism. The concentration of vitamins in tissues and the daily need for them are small, but with insufficient intake of vitamins, dangerous pathological changes occur in the body.
The importance of certain types of food in preventing certain diseases has been known since ancient times. So, the ancient Egyptians knew that the liver helps against night blindness. It is now known that night blindness can be caused by a lack of vitamin A. In 1330 in Beijing, Hu Sihui published a three-volume work, “Important Principles of Food and Drinks,” which systematized knowledge about the therapeutic role of nutrition and asserted the need for health to combine a variety of foods.
In 1747, Scottish physician James Lind, while on a long voyage, conducted a kind of experiment on sick sailors. By introducing various acidic foods into their diet, he discovered the property of citrus fruits to prevent scurvy. In 1753, Lind published his Treatise on Scurvy, which proposed the use of lemons and limes to prevent scurvy. However, these views were not immediately recognized. However, James Cooknan proved in practice the role of plant foods in preventing scurvy by introducing sauerkraut, malt wort and a kind of citrus syrup into the ship's diet. As a result, he did not lose a single sailor to scurvy—an unheard-of achievement for that time. In 1795, lemons and other citrus fruits became a standard addition to the diet of British sailors. This gave rise to an extremely offensive nickname for sailors - lemongrass. The so-called lemon riots are known: sailors threw barrels of lemon juice overboard.
In 1880, Russian biologist Nikolai Lunin from the University of Tartu fed experimental mice separately all the known elements that make up cow's milk: sugar, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, salts. The mice died. At the same time, mice fed with milk developed normally. In his dissertation (thesis) work, Lunin concluded about the existence of some unknown substance necessary for life in small quantities. Lunin's conclusion was met with hostility by the scientific community. Other scientists were unable to reproduce his results. One reason was that Lunin used cane sugar, while other researchers used milk sugar, which was poorly refined and contained some vitamin B.
Vitamin B
B vitamins are water-soluble vitamins, which means they do not require fat to be absorbed well by the body. Another feature is that they do not accumulate in the body (with the exception of B12), so they must be obtained from food daily.
Role and benefits for the body: how vitamin B is useful 1) B vitamins regulate metabolism; 2) normalize blood sugar levels; 3) strengthen the immune system; 4) reduce the negative impact of stressful situations on the body, acts as antidepressants.
Vitamin B is found in foods such as bread, pineapple, mango, beets, buckwheat, beans, meat, mushrooms, liver, kidneys.
Vitamin C
Vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin that has powerful antioxidant properties. It performs many functions in the human body and is an important component of tendons, ligaments, blood cells, skin, bones and teeth.
Role and benefits for the body: what are the benefits of vitamin C 1) participates in the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow; 2) is responsible for hemoglobin in the body; 3) Ascorbic acid maintains the good condition of capillaries, gums, teeth;
Vitamin C is found in foods such as:
Grapefruit, guava, lemon, mango, tomatoes, strawberries, black currants, broccoli, oranges, Brussels sprouts, bell peppers, papaya, rose hips, spinach, tangerines.
Vitamin D
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that comes in two forms—vitamin D₃ and vitamin D₂. D₃ is synthesized in the skin under sun exposure and is found in foods that naturally contain the vitamin.
Role and benefits for the body: what is vitamin D useful for?
1) vitamins D regulate the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus; 2) vitamin D prevents the formation and growth of tumors; 3) prevents the destruction of neuronal myelin sheaths; 4) promotes normal myocardial function.
Vitamin D is found in such products as: sea fish, caviar, eggs, liver, sour cream, cheese, butter, milk.
