Summary of OOD for the preparatory group “Journey to the Land of Experiments”

A bit of geography

Beneath the ground lies magma, molten rock that seeps to the surface through small holes in the ground or erupts through craters. Volcanoes are located on the border of tectonic plates, in the mountains. But there are known cases of their appearance in areas with flat terrain and over a short period of time. Active volcanoes are generally portrayed as huge and regular in shape, but this is not the case; in fact, there are different types. Volcanoes can be tall or very small and disproportionate.

An eruption proceeds as follows: gases and magma located underground are pushed upward under strong pressure. Sometimes there are even explosions; sometimes volcanoes erupt lava, gushing like geysers.

What's inside the Earth?

In order to understand the nature of volcanoes, you need to know the structure of the Earth.

The earth consists of the following layers:

• The earth's crust is the upper layer of the Earth in which living organisms can exist. The thickness of the earth's crust can be from 40 to 70 km;
• the mantle is the solid layer that lies below the earth's crust. Its temperature is quite high, but the substance is in a solid state. The thickness of the mantle is about 3,000 km;
• core - the central part of the globe. Its radius is approximately 3,500 km. The temperature inside the core is very high. — A core heated to 4,000 – 5,000 degrees Celsius. The core is believed to consist mainly of molten metal, presumably iron.

A volcano is a mountain with a very deep hole at its top (crater)

Salt dough volcano

For the experiment you need a minimum of materials and a little patience. To make a volcano model with your own hands, you will need:

• Tray;
• Plastic bottle;
• Food paint;
• Foil;
• Dishwashing liquid;
• Salty dough;
• Vinegar;
• Baking soda.

After we have found everything we need, we begin modeling. Let's get started by following the instructions:

1. To begin, take a plastic bottle and cut it into two equal parts. Place its upper part on a tray with its neck facing up.
2. Take the foil and cut it into strips, wrap them around the bottle so that you get a mountain.
3. Then make the salt dough, divide it into 3 parts and carefully place it on the foil, completely cover the foil with the dough. To make the volcano more realistic, paint its mouth with food coloring.
4. Next we will do the experiment itself. To begin, take a few teaspoons of baking soda and pour the baking soda into the bottle, then add one and a half tablespoons of dishwashing liquid.
5. Take a glass and pour a little vinegar into it, after tinting it with food coloring.
6. Pour the resulting liquid into the volcano and colored foam should flow from the crater. The kids will definitely love the result.

How to inflate a balloon without hands?

What will you need for the experience?

How to conduct an experiment?

Prepare all materials and place them at an accessible distance. A solution of soda and water should be poured into a glass bottle. Then pour vinegar into the bottle and quickly put a balloon on the neck of the bottle. It is important to secure the ball well on the neck with tape so that the ball does not rip off. Almost immediately you will notice how carbon dioxide fills the balloon, inflating it.

From baking soda

To make the product, you will need: water, vinegar, diluted food coloring, dishwashing detergent, baking soda.

Procedure for creating a volcano:

1. To begin, take about a glass of baking soda and add three tablespoons of water to it, thus obtaining a mixture for sculpting a volcano. If you want to make a big volcano, then add more water.
2. Mix the baking soda well and make a mountain. Let it dry, this will take some time, about 3-4 hours.
3. Then color the craft with food coloring.
4. Place the product on the container, add a little vinegar, about a teaspoon and a tablespoon of detergent. As a result, foam and hissing will pour out of the volcano.

Made from plasticine and paper

It will be even faster to model a volcano from paper and plasticine. First, let's create the shape of the product. Take a piece of cardboard, fold it to form a cone, and cut off the top of the resulting cone. A model of a volcano made at home.

Now stick plasticine on top of the resulting model, you should get a mountain. Place the layout on a tray or platter. Place the lava mixture (food coloring, paint, soda) into a jar and place the jar inside the craft. The homemade volcano is ready. You can make such a product quickly, simply and without much expense.

Boiling water in a glass

When you don’t have plasticine or a bottle at hand, you can use an ordinary glass to set up the experiment. The child can be told that the water will now boil without exposure to heat.

Recommended for you: How to soften water with baking soda at home

To do this you need:

• Cup.
• Lemon acid.
• Sodium bicarbonate.
• Water.

Follow these steps:

1. Place the vessel on the tray;
2. Add 2 tsp to a glass of water. NAHCO3;
3. Add a teaspoon of lemon acid.

Instead of soda, you can add vinegar or citric acid (2.5 tsp of vinegar or citric acid per 500 ml of water).

Then boiling water is obtained. When sodium bicarbonate and citric acid or vinegar come into contact with water, they interact, causing the water to boil.

Reusable craft

This option is very convenient, because you can return to the created volcano again and again. To create a craft you will need:

• Paper;
• Plastic lid for mayonnaise or sour cream;
• Foil;
• Gypsum plaster;
• Regular tape and masking tape;
• Acrylic paint;
• Basis for the product;
• Regular 1.5 liter bottle.

Next we follow the instructions. We do the following step by step:

1. Cut the top of the plastic bottle so that you have a mountain of a suitable height, place it in the lid and secure it with tape. The result was a strong foundation for the volcano.
2. Attach the resulting craft to the plywood with tape. You can also use a plastic backing as a base.
3. Then you need to give the bottle a cone shape. Take some foil and wrap it around the bottle and secure it with masking tape. We take the paper, tear it into small pieces and secure them with masking tape around the product.
4. Dilute the gypsum plaster with water to a thick consistency and pour it onto the product. Correct the necessary places.
5. Wait two to three hours, let the product dry thoroughly, then decorate it to your liking.

For the eruption you will need: vinegar, a little baking soda, red food coloring, a little dishwashing detergent.

Now the most interesting stage has come. Place a little baking soda inside the crater, add a little dishwashing liquid and add red food coloring. If required, add a little water. Add a little vinegar to the crater of the volcano, and the eruption begins!

Big Bang

Children will especially like this drink. To simulate a big bang, you need the following:

1. You will need a coating that is not afraid to get dirty, so get ready for a mess.
2. You will need a decent sized container, such as a liter plastic bottle.
3. To shape the appearance of the product you will need clay or foil, you can use plasticine. To add realism, paint the volcano black and brown. It will take some time for it to dry.
4. Add hydrogen peroxide. You need 6 percent peroxide, pour half a cup of peroxide into the container located in the product. Be careful and careful when using peroxide. If you come into contact with hydrogen for a long time, you can get hurt, or the peroxide can get into your eyes and harm them. Children are not allowed to use peroxide. To make the eruption even more spectacular, you can use a 30% peroxide solution, but it will be extremely difficult to obtain.
5. Mix about 3 drops yellow food coloring and 7 drops red. Then add two tablespoons of dishwashing detergent to the resulting mixture.
6. Stir a tablespoon of dry yeast in a small bowl with 3 tablespoons of water.
7. Pour the yeast into the resulting product and step away.

Chemistry experiments at home using simple reagents

In fact, these at-home physics and chemistry experiments are not as difficult as they may seem, they just may require some components that are not available in the kitchen. However, they are very visual and can explain many natural phenomena.

Where to get reagents for experiments at home

Today you can find almost everything on the Internet. There are many organizations that sell kits for young chemists. Moreover, to demonstrate a particular reaction, components on a production scale will not be required. Next we will tell you where you can find some of the necessary elements at home.

Metals . Copper can be obtained from any old wires. To do this, simply remove the protective insulation from them. Aluminum can also be found in wires and can also be found in the home in the form of spoons and forks. For some experiments, aluminum powder may be useful. It is easy to find in a hardware store under the name “silver paint”. Tin is found in large quantities in solder, which is used to solder wires and electronic boards. Tungsten, as everyone probably already guessed, is found in incandescent lamps in the form of a filament.

Magnesium is located in the heater elements and can be easily removed from there. Previously, it was extracted from the bottom of ZAZ engines. Some smart people may advise getting lithium by disassembling lithium-ion batteries. Don’t even think about it, much less advise it to your “young chemists.” If the casing breaks, such a battery almost always ignites, and you risk getting burns. Chrome can be rubbed and scraped off any lame surface. This could be an old faucet, lighters, car bumpers. For experiments, a small amount of this substance will be enough.

Acids . Many motorists who use lead batteries know that sometimes they have to add electrolyte to the battery. So this is a 28-30% solution of sulfuric acid. Orthophosphorus solution is sold at points selling radio components in the form of flux for soldering. Acetic and citric acids are in the kitchen, most likely in every home, boric acid can be bought at a pharmacy, nitric acid can be found at flea markets where they sell radio components.

Salts . A common household product “Belizna” is sodium hypochlorite, which can be obtained at household chemical stores. Ammonium nitrate is sold at garden outlets as a soil fertilizer. Also here you can see potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, copper, ammonium. Barium nitrate can be obtained by peeling the shell of a simple “Bengal candle”. In some old pharmacies you can ask for silver nitrate, which may have been left in the form of old stock.

Ruminants are sometimes treated with calcium chloride, and it is available at some veterinary stores. Calcium carbonate is chalk, calcium sulfate is gypsum, sodium bicarbonate is soda. These components can be easily found at home or in any nearby hypermarket. Ferrous sulfate is used to etch electronic circuit boards, so you can ask for it at an electrical supply store or hardware store. Sodium and potassium silicate - office glue. To be accurate in your choice, you need to read the label before purchasing or ask the seller about the exact composition of the product.

Grounds . Caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) is sold at electronic equipment stores. Ammonia can be obtained from a pharmacy. Calcium hydroxide can be purchased at hardware stores. There it is sold as “slaked lime.”

Other reagents . In the pharmacy you can find: glycerin, hydrogen peroxide, phenolphthalein “Purgen”, glucose. In the construction departments you can look at: acetone, toluene (solvent 646, but it requires distillation and purification, since it contains about 50% impurities), methenamine (fuel in briquettes can also be asked in the tourism department), calcium oxide (quicklime ), chromium oxide - (in the paint department). Sulfur can be purchased at garden centers. However, “colloidal” is not suitable for us, since it has a lot of foreign impurities. It is best to buy, if possible, the food option, which is sometimes available in pet stores. It is cleaner and has a reasonable price.

Using liquid nitrogen

A little dangerous, but no less interesting way. An even bigger spectacle will be achieved if you do the following:

1. It is recommended to conduct research only in the open air, because the eruption will be simply huge and will require a lot of space. The experiment can only be done by adults, as it is extremely dangerous, let children watch the experiment and be delighted. Believe me, this is very dangerous, even adults need to be careful.
2. To carry out the experiments you will need a couple of assistants, preferably even three. You will need to wear loose clothing and cover your skin. For the experiment, you will need liquid nitrogen, which is very dangerous for human skin; you must remain attentive and careful when conducting the experiment. Those conducting the experiment must wear glasses, and they will not interfere with the spectators.
3. You will need a plastic bucket of excellent quality and large size so that it does not break during the experiment. The bucket should be thick and very durable, buy a new bucket. It needs to be installed on a hard surface in the fresh air. The covering can be cement or brick.
4. Fill the bucket 80%. If desired, you can tint the water. Use tennis balls to simulate falling boulders.
5. You will need a liter bottle, attach a brick to it on both sides using tape.
6. Place the resulting product on the ground, let an assistant hold the funnel over the bottle. Pour some liquid nitrogen into the bottle, but do not overdo it. The second assistant should immediately close the bottle. You need to put the bottle in the bucket in 5 seconds, hurry up.
7. Quickly place the bottle in the bucket and run away from there. In about 20 seconds the eruption will begin.
8. Enjoy the results. Observers are advised to stay no closer than 9 meters from what is happening. The result is a scaled-down model of the Plinian eruption often associated with ancient Vesuvius. First, the water is thrown up and falls as rain. The eruption will be truly huge. If after three minutes of waiting nothing happens, then the experiment was unsuccessful, do not despair. Try again, there may be something wrong. For example, the lid was tightened too loosely or too late.

Small tips

When creating woodcan at home, use your imagination. Here are some tips:

• If desired, color the product.
• Add the ingredients carefully to avoid messing anything up.
• To enhance the eruption, add mints and soda.
• Be sure to wear goggles and gloves.

As you can see, making a volcano at home is simple and fun. The product will give an unforgettable experience to both children and adults. Making a volcano can be combined with a geography or chemistry lesson for children, and adults will simply have a good time doing this activity.

Originally posted 2018-08-29 09:26:24.