Generalization
This is one of the most important mental operations that begins to appear in children aged 4-5 years. The training is quite simple - say a sequence of 4 words, then ask the child to say what the named objects have in common.
Several possible options:
- sheep, horse, pig, cow - domestic animals;
- peach, apple, plum, orange - fruits;
- driver, sailor, mechanic, mechanic - profession;
- boots, flip-flops, boots, shoes - shoes, etc.
If for young children with speech impairments it is important to train generalizations with obvious differences (for example, all objects are green or red), then older children need to be given complicated tasks - not just animals, but domestic animals, wild animals, not just products, but , for example, confectionery.
Children who speak but have speech impairments must be required to provide a detailed explanation. It’s not good if the baby just says, for example, the word “shoes” and that’s it, you need to ask him to say in detail: “Because all these are shoes.” By the way, this is not a tricky, but very effective method, which additionally trains speech and helps the child speak out, and not get away with a few words.
The main thing is, don’t rush to get upset if your child doesn’t succeed right away. In this case, try reducing the number of words to 2-3. It is not surprising that some children find it difficult to process a lot of information at once, and by reducing the amount you can make the tasks feasible for him. Over time, he will become better able to cope with the task, after which he can be gradually transferred to more difficult tasks.
Logic problems for children
Task
The turtle came to visit his friend, who lives on the 14th floor. The elevator turned out to be broken, so you have to go up on foot. The turtle began its journey in the afternoon. It's already half past three - the turtle is on the fourth floor. It’s already half past four – the turtle is on the fifth floor. It's already half past seven - the turtle is on the eighth floor. When will she get to the 14th floor?
Answer
(Half past one in the morning)
***
Lena, Anya and Zhenya helped their grandmother in the garden. Grandmother wanted to give gifts to the children. “I’ll buy dolls for both girls,” thought the grandmother. Had she made a mistake and counted the children incorrectly?
Answer
(Grandma was not mistaken, there were really two girls: Lena and Anya, and grandmother bought a racing car for the boy Zhenya)
***
Asya has 4 pencils and 2 colored pencils in her pencil case. What is the minimum number of objects you need to take so that you definitely have a simple pencil in your hand?
Answer
(3 items)
***
It was 11:45 when the cartoon started. It lasted 50 minutes. Right in the middle of the viewing, my mother came and called me for dinner. What time did the clock show at that moment?
Answer
(12:10)
***
Four girls were eating candy. Anya ate more than Yulia. Ira is more than Sveta, but less than Yulia. Arrange the girls' names in ascending order of the number of candies eaten.
Answer
(Sveta, Ira, Yulia, Anya)
***
The centipede has 90 legs. She bought 13 pairs of boots. But at the same time, 16 feet remained bare. How many pairs of old boots did the centipede have before buying new boots?
Answer
(24)
***
Petya and Kolya live in the same multi-storey building. Kolya's apartment is 12 floors higher than Petit's. In the evening Petya climbed the stairs to Kolya’s. When he walked halfway, he found himself on the 8th floor. On what floors are the boys' apartments?
Answer
(P-2, K-14)
***
64 small cubes were used to form a large cube. Five faces of a large cube were painted with blue paint. Name the number of small cubes with three blue sides.
Answer
(4 – in the corners)
***
The ferry can accommodate either 6 trucks or 10 cars. On Thursday, the ferry, fully loaded, crossed the river 5 times and ferried 42 cars. How many trucks were there among them?
Answer
(12)
***
We will talk about units of time. What can you learn from this product 60 x 60 x 24 x 7?
Answer
(Number of seconds per week)
***
Brother and sister were 15 years old together 2 years ago. Now my sister is 13 years old. How many years must pass before my brother turns 9?
Answer
(3 years)
***
Friends came to visit Igor. How many of them were there if each of them added the date and month number from their date of birth and got 35? Moreover, the dates of birth of all guests are different.
Answer
(8)
