Recommendations for the design of patriotic and local history corners in different age groups of preschool educational institutions
Natalya Izbasarova
Recommendations for the design of patriotic and local history corners in different age groups of preschool educational institutions
When implementing an educational program for preschool education in various organizational models and forms, a developing subject-spatial environment (hereinafter referred to as RPES)
must provide:
• compliance with the general education program of the preschool educational institution;
• compliance with the age capabilities of children ;
• transformability depending on the educational situation, interests and capabilities of children;
• the ability to use various toys, equipment and other materials in different types of children's activities;
• variable use of various spaces (premises)
and materials
(toys, equipment, etc.)
to stimulate children's development;
• availability of free access for children directly in the organized space to toys, materials, aids and technical means of the environment.
• compliance of all components of the RPPS with safety and reliability requirements when used in accordance with current SanPiN.
Taking into account the above requirements, the preschool educational institution must ensure variability at the content-pedagogical level of the educational process. This problem is solved systematically, arranging the set of play facilities of preschool educational institutions into a “system of play facilities”
–
"game support for children's development"
.
A subject-based developmental environment for patriotic education promotes the development of speech, imagination, thinking, broadens horizons, promotes the moral development of the child’s personality, and fosters love for his hometown, his native land, Russia.
Goal: creating conditions conducive to instilling patriotism in children , pride in their native land and love for the Motherland.
Objectives of educational activities in the corner of local history :
• teach the child to understand that both people and things have their own history;
• awaken in young citizens a feeling of love for their city, region, country, respect for traditions and customs;
• cultivate a tolerant attitude towards other nations and people of different nationalities; respect for the culture of other peoples (customs, traditions, willingness to understand and accept a system of other values;
• to form the spiritual and moral attitude of the child to the family, country, nature of the native land, the unity of aesthetic feelings and moral values;
• awaken emotional responsiveness in children through exposure to art, music, literature, and folk culture;
• develop the need for independent exploration of the surrounding world by studying the cultural heritage of different eras and peoples ;
• to develop a preschooler's sense of self-esteem.
Design requirements :
• aesthetic orientation;
• rational placement of a corner on local history ;
• taking into account the age characteristics of children ;
• educational and developmental orientation;
• the feasibility of placing “exhibits”, accessibility, scientific character, reliability of the presented material;
• Safety.
An indispensable condition for building a developmental environment in preschool institutions is reliance on a personality-oriented model of interaction between people.
Principles:
- the first principle of openness to Nature, promoting the unity of man and Nature.
- the second principle of openness to Culture, i.e. elements of real painting, literature, music. Familiarity with specific regional cultures, arts and crafts with folklore elements, this will undoubtedly contribute to the education of patriotism in children , pride in their places, and the formation of ideas about the “small Motherland”
and feelings of love for her.
— the third principle of openness to society. Parents have a special right to participate in the life of the kindergarten.
— the fourth principle is openness of one’s “I”
, your own inner world.
The environment is organized in such a way as to facilitate the formation and development of the image of “I”
.
the fifth principle of taking into account gender and age differences in children . The environment must be designed so that both boys and girls can express their inclinations in accordance with the standards of masculinity and femininity accepted in society.
REQUIREMENTS FOR PATRIOTIC CORNERS AND CORNERS OF LOCAL STUDIES BY GROUPS
Junior group .
The main goal of patriotic education is familiarization with the immediate environment. Children are instilled with a feeling of love and care towards their family and other people, children’s ideas about kindergarten, about the work of preschool workers, about their small homeland (city) are formed, involvement in modern events is formed, initial ideas about national cultural traditions, about national and state holidays; about the nature of the native land; about objects of decorative and applied art.
Therefore, in the corner there should be :
1. Material for work on social and moral education:
— thematic folders with illustrations, didactic games on the topic “Adults”
(generic characteristics, professions, actions, appearance)
;
- thematic folders with illustrations on the topic “Family”
(family members, joint activities, family photos)
- photographs, illustrations on the topic “The House Where You Live”
(architectural structures that differ in size, appearance, building material, purpose);
— thematic folders with illustrations on the topic “Child and his peers”
(girls and boys, games, children in
different situations , activities, etc.);
— thematic folders with illustrations, pictograms showing the different emotional states of adults and children;
- thematic folders with illustrations, didactic games, books telling about the rules of behavior in public places, etiquette (like “you can do this, but you can’t do that”
).
2. Material for introducing children to their small homeland: ( group , kindergarten, street or neighborhood where the preschool educational institution is located, thematic folders with photographs and illustrations of the village, postcards, albums.
3. Material on introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture: antiques, Russian toys; dolls made from wooden logs, amulets, objects of folk arts and crafts (matryoshka dolls, Dymkovo toys, various types of painting, embroidery, wood carving, etc.); dolls in national costumes.
4. Fiction (songs, nursery rhymes, fairy tales, etc.)
.
Sample material:
•Albums: “My Family”
,
“Our kindergarten”
,
“My native village”
;
• Pedigree trees of children;
• Illustrations depicting animals of our forests, nature at different times of the year , trees, flowers characteristic of the Bryansk region;
• Dolls (boy and girl)
in national costume;
• Items of decorative and applied art
• Books, albums with Russian folk tales, nursery rhymes, jokes;
• Illustrations, photographs depicting national and state holidays. Thematic illustrations of military equipment for March 8, February 23, May 9.
Middle group .
Work is carried out in the following areas: “My family”
,
“My kindergarten”
,
“My village and its attractions”
,
“Famous fellow countrymen”
,
“Introduction to the origins of Russian culture”
. Pupils develop an interest in national and universal values, cultural traditions of the people; about the village; about the national flag, coat of arms; about folk heroes; Russian holidays; about the nature of the native land; about objects of decorative and applied art; about modern architecture.
1. Material on social and moral education is being replenished: family holidays and traditions, fiction on relevant topics (see requirements for the design of a corner in younger groups ).
2. Material for introducing children to their small homeland: ( group , kindergarten, street or neighborhood where the preschool educational institution is located, thematic folders with photographs and illustrations, postcards, albums dedicated to the sights of the village and its famous residents, flora and fauna, transport, architecture , professions of residents. Materials about the history of the village can be presented.
3. Material for introducing children to the origins of folk culture: antiques, folk toys; dolls made from wooden logs, amulets, objects of folk arts and crafts (matryoshka dolls, Dymkovo toys, various types of painting, embroidery, wood carving, etc.); various layouts (peasant hut, upper room, peasant farmstead, etc.)
; dolls in national costumes; didactic games.
4. Fiction (fairy tales, songs, proverbs, sayings, etc.)
.
5. Elements of state symbols of the Russian Federation (flag, coat of arms)
.
6. Elements of regional symbols (flag, coat of arms)
.
7. Elements of municipal symbols (coat of arms, village flag, logos of industrial enterprises)
.
8. Material dedicated to the defenders of the Fatherland: thematic folders with illustrations.
In the middle group in the corner there should be :
• State symbols (flag, coat of arms, anthem text)
• Portrait of the President
•Albums: “My Family”
,
“Our kindergarten”
,
“My native village”
,
• Pedigree trees of children;
• Illustrations depicting animals in our forests, nature at different times of the year , trees, flowers characteristic of the region;
• Dolls (boy and girl)
in national costume;
• Items of decorative and applied art);
• Illustrations depicting architectural monuments, modern buildings of the native village;
• Books, albums with Russian folk tales, nursery rhymes, jokes;
• Illustrations, photographs depicting national and state holidays.
• Crafts from waste and natural materials, made by the hands of children and adults
Senior and preparatory school groups .
The main areas of work are local history , familiarization with the native country, state symbols, the historical past of Russia, organizing the lives of children according to the national calendar. They form pupils’ ideas about family and pedigree; about your kindergarten. They introduce you to the sights of the village, the capital, and history. With the geographical location of the country, which states it borders with. About the capital of our Motherland. They talk about the flag and coat of arms about the history of the country, about the heroic past of our Motherland. They continue to introduce state and national holidays, works of folklore, works of Russian writers, etc. They form ideas about objects of decorative and applied art; about modern architecture.
1. My family - family photo albums, homemade books on the topic
"My family's coat of arms"
,
"Family tree"
.
2. Thematic folders with illustrations and photographs: “The history of the village”
,
“Industry of the village”
,
“Science, education and culture of Russia”
,
“Famous fellow countrymen”
,
“Bryansk region during the Great Patriotic War”
,
“Sights of the Klimovsky district”
,
“Architecture”
,
“Sports”
.
A selection of poems about the village, the region . Map of the region, village. Symbols (flag, coat of arms, anthem)
.
Layouts (neighborhood, street, architectural structures of the village)
.
3. Thematic folder “My Land”
: map and symbols of the Bryansk region, portrait of the Head of the region;
material introducing children to the glorious past of their native land (the history of cities and their present, agriculture)
.
4. Home country - map of the Russian Federation. It is desirable that this map be intended for children and contain the necessary material about the cities of Russia (the capital of the Motherland, symbols of cities, main attractions)
;
about natural areas; about the peoples inhabiting the country; about industry and agriculture. Symbols of Russia (coat of arms, flag, anthem)
.
Portrait of the country's president. Various layouts (city attractions, architecture, etc.)
.
Defenders of the Fatherland - illustrations, thematic folders on the topic: “Our ancestors are the Slavs”
,
“Bogatyrs of the Russian Land”
,
“Great Patriotic War”
,
“War of 1812”
,
“Russian Army”
.
Photo material “Monuments of military glory”
.
Fiction and didactic games on the topic, models (ancient fortress, military equipment, etc.)
. Introduction to the origins of Russian folk culture - illustrations and
thematic folders on the topics “How people lived in Russia”
,
"Antiques"
,
“From the history of Russian folk costume”
,
“Folk holidays and festivities”
,
“Folk calendar”
; antiques, Russian toys, folk arts and crafts, various models, dolls in national costumes, didactic games on the topic.
5. Spiritual and moral education - material that gives children an initial idea of Orthodoxy (this could be a selection of illustrations depicting churches and their architectural features, a selection of postcards on the theme “Russian icon”
, model of the temple, children's Bible).
6. Our planet Earth - globe, children's world map. Artistic
literature, illustrations, thematic folders telling about the lives of people in other countries of the world, their customs, traditions, professions characteristic of a particular country.
7. Fiction on folklore (fairy tales, epics, legends)
. Great compatriots - portraits, fiction,
telling about the great compatriots who glorified Russia, the Bryansk and Klimov lands, and their portraits.
In the senior and preparatory groups the following are added to the patriotic corner :
• State symbols (flag, coat of arms, anthem text)
• Portrait of the President
• Country map, globe
• Dolls in national costumes
• Albums with architectural monuments of the country.
•Albums: “My City”
,
"Our great compatriots"
.
These are writers, poets, artists, etc., “Victory Day”
• Items of decorative and applied art;
• Illustrations depicting architectural monuments, modern buildings of the native village;
• Books, albums with Russian folk tales, nursery rhymes, jokes;
• Illustrations, photographs depicting national and state holidays.
• Various educational and fiction literature;
•Albums: “My Family”
,
“Our kindergarten”
,
“My native village”
,
“Cities of heroes”
;
• Illustrations depicting animals in our forests, nature at different times of the year , trees, flowers characteristic of our nature;
• Pedigree trees of children;
• "Our army is dear"
, thematic albums of military branches and military equipment.
• Collection of thematic icons (about the city, about the war, about the army, etc.)
• Sets of postcards “Russian life”
.
• Cassettes with recordings of fairy tales and patriotic songs . Audio and video tapes about the nature of the native land.
• Crafts from waste and natural materials, made by the hands of children and adults.
• Costume area (caps, caps, caps, capes, raincoats, collars, belts, binoculars, long skirts, scarves, shawls).
The tasks of moral and patriotic education are implemented not only through the content of the local history corner , but also through the content of other areas of independent children's activity:
— in corner, samples of decorative and applied creativity are presented;
— in corner there are thematic sets for role-playing games: “Barbershop”
,
"Hospital"
,
"Shop"
. These games help enrich children's ideas about professions.
— in corner there are attributes for Russian folk outdoor games.
— Russian folk tales, epics, small folklore forms (nursery rhymes, lullabies, etc.) are placed a corner thematic exhibitions of literature are organized
Thus, not only the local history corner , but also the entire subject-development environment of the group room is aimed at solving the problems of moral and patriotic education of preschool children .
Literature
1. Aleshina N.V. Introducing preschoolers to their hometown. - M.: TC Sfera, 1999. - 112 p.
2. Aleshina N.V. Patriotic education of preschool children. - M.: TsGL, 2004. - 156 p.
3. Vasiltsova Z.I. Wise commandments of folk pedagogy. - M.: Pedagogy, 1983.
4. Kondrykinskaya L. A. Where does the Motherland begin. — M. T. Ts. Sphere 2005
5. Korotovskikh N. Methodological support of local history in preschool educational institutions . /N. Korotkovskikh / Preschool Education Management //2006.- No. 8.
6. Komratova N. G., Gribova L. F. My small homeland. /N. G. Komratova /Management of preschool educational institution// 2005. No. 1.
7. Rybakov I. Familiarization with one’s hometown as a means of patriotic education /I . Rybakov /Preschool education// 2003. No.
The importance of patriotic education
The fate of Russia directly depends on what qualities will be developed in children, who determine the future of our country. What this future will be like depends to a large extent on us and on the concepts that will be embedded in the minds of children.
The first years of a child’s life are the most important stage in the upbringing and development of a future citizen and person. At this age, those feelings and character traits of a child are formed that, from birth, connect him with his family, people, country and determine his future path in life.
Cultivating patriotic feelings is a long process that is based on the language, songs, and music of the Russian people. In preschool age, it is very important to saturate the child’s soul with the concept of honor and human values.
Main attributes
Properly designed patriotic corners in kindergarten will attract children’s attention to studying their country, will provide an opportunity to select material based on the children’s interests, and will allow teachers to work together with children and their parents.
Materials placed in the corner should cover the main directions of patriotic education and may include the following areas: “My family”, “My native land”, “Folk rituals and crafts”, “Moscow is the capital of Russia”, “Who are the defenders of the Fatherland ? and etc.
The main attributes that patriotic corners in kindergarten should contain:
- A photo or portrait of the President of Russia is placed either in the center of the corner or on the left.
- The anthem is a symbol of our country and is a musical and poetic work. Usually presented as a text version and posted on a stand, there should also be a musical version for listening.
- The coat of arms is a state symbol, it is a quadrangular shield, it depicts a crowned double-headed eagle holding an orb and a scepter in its paws. On the eagle's chest is an image of St. George the Victorious killing a serpent.
- The flag of Russia is a piece of fabric that has a rectangular shape and consists of three stripes of different colors: white - means purity and peace; blue is a symbol of constancy and faith; red – energy, strength and blood that was shed in the struggle for the Motherland. In the corner, the flag can be presented in the form of a large-sized canvas mounted on the wall, or as a small-sized flag standing on a stand.
