MAGAZINE Preschooler.RF
“Sensory development of children of the first junior group “World of Sensorics”“Play permeates a child’s entire life. This is the norm even when the baby is doing something serious. He has a passion and it must be satisfied. Moreover, his entire life should be imbued with this game. His whole life is a game” A.S. Makarenko
Early age is the most favorable time for sensory education of children, without which normal development of mental abilities is impossible. During this period, it is important to improve the activity of the senses, enrich the ideas about the world around us, and develop creative abilities.
Sensory development is the process of forming certain ideas about the external properties of objects of perception in a child: their shape, size, color, size, position in space, smells, taste, and so on. Knowledge begins with the perception of objects and phenomena of the surrounding world.
According to many scientists, sensory development is the main foundation for the general mental development of children and also has independent significance as a way for children to develop sensations, perceptions and ideas. Therefore, from a very early age, children need to accumulate and systematize ideas about the world around them and improve the functioning of the child’s senses.
Let's take a look at what types of sensory sensations should be developed:
- visual sensations - the child sees the contrast between light and darkness, distinguishes colors and shades, the shape and size of objects, their number and location in space;
- auditory sensations - the child hears a variety of sounds - music, sounds of nature, city noises, human speech, and learns to distinguish between them;
- tactile sensations - the child feels through touching, feeling materials of various textures, surfaces of objects of various sizes and shapes, stroking animals, hugging people close to him;
- olfactory sensations - the child inhales and learns to distinguish the various smells of the surrounding world;
- taste sensations - the child tries and learns to distinguish the taste of a variety of food products and dishes.
Different sensory experiences vary in their importance in a person's life. Visual and auditory sensations are dominant.
We work in the first junior group with children 2-3 years old. The child is just beginning to accumulate ideas about color, shape, size and many other properties of objects. It is important that these representations be sufficiently diverse. At this age, we introduce children to primary colors (red, blue, yellow, green); geometric shapes of objects (square, circle, triangle); as well as with various sounds of the surrounding world.
As you know, the main form and content of organizing children’s lives is play. Therefore, we use various didactic games as a means of sensory education for children in our group. They take into account the age and moral motives of the activities of children at play, the principle of voluntariness, the right of independent choice, and self-expression.
Since the main feature of didactic games is educational, we use games during various periods of regime moments. It is very good for children to begin to acquire knowledge about the world around them when they have the opportunity not only to see, but also to actively use it independently. Therefore, it is necessary to use didactic games for sensory development, both in continuous educational activities and in the daily life of children.
We offer you to look at several educational games that our kids love to play in their free time.
A small selection of didactic games on sensory education for children of primary preschool age.
Game "Colors"
Goals: to introduce the child to the primary colors of the rainbow spectrum, to develop memory, attention, speech, and fine motor skills.
Description of the game: The teacher shows the children one of the pictures (for example, a yellow pencil). Children are asked to find and attach a picture that depicts objects of the same color (for example, a yellow sun, etc.).
Game "Hedgehogs"
Goal: to learn to differentiate various geometric shapes, relying on tactile and visual sensations, that is, to develop tactile and visual perception.
Description of the game: Children must independently find the colors and details of the hedgehogs, connecting them into one whole.
Lacing game
Goal: to develop fine motor skills of the hands, refinement of finger movements, concentration, promote the development of eye accuracy, coordination and sequence of actions.
Description of the game: the teacher invites the children to “sew on” the missing pieces of clothing.
Game: “Wonderful bag”
Goal: finding familiar objects by touch.
Game description: There are objects in an opaque bag. The child is asked to find the desired item by touch, without looking into the bag.
Game "Magic clothespins"
Goals: to promote the development of the movement of clenching and unclenching the fingertips of the right and left hands.
Game description: attach clothespins according to theme (rays to the sun, needles to a hedgehog, petals to a flower, ears to a bunny’s head...)
Game "Colorful Sticks"
Goal: to teach children to distinguish primary colors, to practice arranging sticks in boxes of the corresponding color, to develop visual perception and fine motor skills.
Description of the game: The teacher places boxes of four colors on the table and shows the multi-colored sticks that the bear scattered.
Children participants are asked to put all the sticks into boxes of their own color.
Game "Find a Pair"
Goal: to teach how to select animals based on patterns.
Description of the game: the teacher invites the children to find identical animals and tell who they are.
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Didactic game “Put the pencils into cups”
Objectives: to promote the development of the ability to distinguish colors; combine a pencil with a glass; act purposefully, sequentially: from left to right; promote the development of fine motor skills of the fingers.
Equipment: Colored pencils, glasses of different colors.
Description of the game: children must put pencils into cups of a certain color.
Didactic game “Flower Glade”
Goals: to consolidate understanding of size; colors; promote the development of hand motor skills.
Equipment: Cardboard flowers (various sizes and colors)
Game description: complete the tasks: “Match the center of the flower”, “Wrap the largest center of the flower. The smallest one”, “Wrap the red center of the flower”
Didactic game “Place the eggs in your houses”
Goals: to promote the formation of the ability to distinguish and correctly name 4 primary colors; encourage to combine a testicle with a cell, to perform correlating actions (color guide); act purposefully, sequentially: from left to right, without skipping cells; promote the development of fine motor skills of the fingers.
Equipment: Testicles, cells of different colors.
Description of the game: children must arrange the eggs into houses according to their color, if possible name the color of the eggs and the color of the houses.
Didactic game “Ladybug find your clearing”
Goals: to encourage children to distinguish colors, to promote the ability to select objects of the same color. Equipment: Ladybugs and flowers made of cardboard of different colors.
Game description: ask the child to place the ladybug on a flower of the same color.
Didactic game "Mosaic"
Goals: to promote the development of fine motor skills of the hands, imaginative thinking, imagination, artistic taste of the child, the ability to navigate the plane of the playing field, the formation of the ability to distinguish and correctly name colors, and the manifestation of creative activity.
Equipment: Mosaic with multi-colored details. Description of the game: ask the child to fold a pattern, lay out a path of a certain color, etc.
Didactic game “Magic clothespins”
Goals: to promote the development of the movement of clenching and unclenching the fingertips of the right and left hands. Equipment: clothespins of different colors, stencils of objects (sun, cloud, hedgehog, etc.)
Game description: attach clothespins according to theme (rays to the sun, needles to a hedgehog, petals to a flower, ears to a bunny’s head...)
Didactic game “Place on plates”
Goals: to promote the development of children’s ability to distinguish colors and use the names of colors in speech, to understand the words “such”, “not such”, “different”, to consolidate the ability to recognize geometric shapes and name them (circle, square, triangle).
Equipment: 4 plates, circles, triangles, squares of different sizes and colors. Description of the game: we put geometric shapes of the same color into plates of 4 primary colors.
Didactic game “Roll the ball into the goal”
Goal: to promote children’s ability to match objects by color; ideas about the size of objects; introduce the concept of “round”; consolidate the ability to perform practical and playful actions with objects in accordance with their properties (shape).
Game description: roll balls of the corresponding color into the gates of 4 main colors.
Didactic game "Reels"
Goals: to introduce children to threads; tell about their purpose; encourage you to wind the thread around the template; promote the development of fine motor skills and the ability to perform actions with both hands at the same time.
Equipment: spool templates of different colors, threads of different colors Game description: wind threads of the same color onto a spool template of a certain color.
Didactic games (sensory development). First junior group. card index (junior group) on the topic
Card index of games for sensory development of young children.
- "Mysterious Buttons"
Purpose of the game: Develop the ability to recognize and name colors. Development of fine motor skills of the fingers.
Game material: The canvas is presented, divided into 4 sectors, of different colors, 4 buttons are attached to it, each of which corresponds to a specific color of the sector. Progress of the game: The teacher shows the child a panel divided into 4 sectors of different colors, he tells that these are houses for buttons. The teacher draws attention to the fact that each button lives in a house of its own color, and asks the children to help them find a house for the buttons. We decided to study colors. Well, where should we start? We have the miracle of a button. They will help us now. We will take the buttons in our hands and find a home for them according to their color.
- "Magic Field"
Purpose of the game: Develop the ability to recognize and name colors.
Game material: Circle with a picture of 4 primary colors and an arrow at the top, cards of primary colors. Progress of the game: The teacher shows the children a circle depicting primary colors. Explaining at the same time that this is a magical field where colors live. Next, the children are given cards of the corresponding colors. The teacher turns the magic field, the arrow on it points to any color, and the children, in turn, must pick up a card of this color. We have one game, it’s very round. Our circle is divided. It includes four colors. And the guys play with it. All the colors they study there. Green, red, yellow, blue. All are known to us from now on.
- "Rainbow"
Purpose of the game: Development of the ability to recognize and name the colors and size of an object,
Development of fine motor skills of the fingers.
Game material: A flat panel consisting of two parts, one part is fastened together, and the other is cut into rays of different colors and sizes. Progress of the game: The teacher places a rainbow in front of the child; one half of the rays of the rainbow is whole, and the second is cut into rays. The child’s task is to select the rays by color and size. Our rainbow arch shines brightly. Something has happened to it. It has lost some of its rays. The kids will collect the rays. They will put everything in order. The rainbow will again shine more than before.
- "Balloons"
Purpose of the game: Develop the ability to recognize and name colors. Development of fine motor skills of the fingers.
Game material: Flat balls of 4 primary colors, and 4 ribbons of similar colors to them. Progress of the game: The teacher shows the children four balloons of primary colors and four ribbons of the same colors to go with them. Children are asked to try to match each ball with a ribbon of the same color. Red, yellow, blue, choose any ball for yourself. To hold the ball you need to tie a ribbon, we will take the ribbons in our hands and find the ball by color.
- "Butterfly"
Purpose of the game: Develop the ability to recognize and name colors. Development of fine motor skills of the fingers.
Game material: Flat panel with the image of a butterfly, the wings of the butterfly are divided into 4 primary colors. There are holes made in them into which necks from bottles are inserted, to which caps of a suitable color are screwed. Progress of the game: The teacher shows a butterfly, the wings of which are of four primary colors; holes are made in them into which bottle necks are inserted. You need to decorate the wings of the butterfly by screwing the lids lying in the tray offered to the children to the necks. The color of the lid should match the color of the butterfly's wing. A beautiful Butterfly appeared in front of us. Let's play with the butterfly, choose the color of the lids to match the wings.
- "Carousel"
Purpose of the game: Develop the ability to recognize and name colors. Development of fine motor skills of the fingers. Development of distinguishing between one and many objects.
Game material: Appearance of a bobbin made of thread, the upper and lower sectors are divided into 6 colors: 4 main ones, black and white. Bags are attached to the upper sector (the color of the bags corresponds to the color of the sector to which it is attached), and the bags contain cubes. Progress of the game: Children are offered a teaching aid “carousel”, the upper sector of which is divided into 6 colors. Attached to each of them is a bag containing cubes (the color of the cubes and the bag corresponds to the color of the sector). The children's task is to untie the bags, take out the cubes, and place them on the sector of the corresponding color. The carousel is spinning, Well, let's play quickly. We put the cube on its color. Will there be a correct answer?
- "Apple Tree"
Purpose of the game: Development of sensory perception. Development of fine motor skills of the fingers.
Game material: The manual is presented in the form of a game panel with a depiction of an apple tree; holes are made in the panel into which necks from bottles are inserted, to which caps (apples) are screwed. Progress of the game: The teacher offers the children a panel with an apple tree depicted on it, and a container with lids of different colors; the child is asked to select apples of a certain color (red, yellow). Children take the lids and screw them to the necks. We'll play with the lids and collect different apples.
- “What does the figure look like?”
Purpose of the game: To develop children's ability to group objects by shape.
Game material: Geometric shapes cut out of dense material in 4 primary colors. Progress of the game: Children are offered geometric shapes - circle, triangle, square. The adult names them. Asks children to find objects in the room or on the street that are similar to these figures. If possible, allows children to trace the outline of these objects with their hands (ball, hoop, cube, plate, aquarium, etc.).
- "Let's hide from the rain"
Purpose of the game: To develop children's ability to group objects by shape.
Game material: Geometric shapes and three patterns of umbrellas are pre-made. An adult places one geometric figure under each umbrella; this is a sample for children. Progress of the game: Game situation: “On a warm sunny day, geometric figures went out for a walk. Suddenly a huge gray cloud appeared in the sky, covered the sun and it began to rain. Squares, circles and triangles need to hide from the rain so as not to get wet. Where can I hide?”
- "Pick your buttons"
Purpose of the game:
To develop the ability to group objects by size.
Game material: 2 boxes, large and small, buttons of different sizes (large and small) Progress of the game: The teacher, together with the children, arranges the buttons into groups: the largest, largest, smallest, etc. Considering the sizes of buttons, compares and applies button to button. The adult activates the children's speech.
- "Find a house"
Purpose of the game: To develop the ability to distinguish objects by size.
Game material: Houses made of cardboard of different sizes, bunnies made of cardboard of different sizes. Progress of the game: The teacher tells the children that the bunnies are lost and cannot find their house. The teacher invites the children to help the bunnies and find a house for each one.
"Decorate the butterfly"
Goals:
Teach children to group objects by color. To consolidate knowledge about the geometric figure of a circle, about the concept of many - one, large - small. Develop fine motor skills.
Materials:
Butterflies of different colors, cut out of cardboard, circles of different sizes and colors.
Progress of the game:
The teacher shows the children butterflies and says that they have come to visit them. He says that the butterflies brought mugs of different colors with them and want the children to decorate their wings. The teacher offers to help the butterflies. First, he asks each child to choose mugs of one color from the four offered. At the same time, he invites one or the other child to choose mugs of the color they like. After all the children have chosen, the teacher gives them silhouettes of butterflies and invites them to decorate them.
At the end of the game, the teacher praises all the children for decorating the butterflies and making them even more beautiful.
"Mend the bunnies' clothes"
Goals:
Teach children to distinguish colors and use color names in speech. Strengthen the ability to recognize geometric shapes and name them (circle, square, triangle). Develop fine motor skills, color perception, attention.
Materials:
Silhouettes of clothes, geometric shapes cut out of cardboard.
Progress of the game:
A hare appears with a basket and cries.
Educator: Why are you crying, little bunny?
Bunny: I bought gifts for my bunnies - shorts and skirts. While I was walking through the forest, I touched a bush and they tore. (Shows cardboard shorts and skirts).
Educator: Don’t cry, bunny, we will help you. Children, let's pick up patches and patch up the holes. What do the holes in skirts and shorts look like?
Children: triangle, square and circle.
Educator: Correct.
The hare places her shorts and skirts on “stumps” (tables), on which patches are laid out in advance. Children come to the tables and complete the task. The teacher asks each child what color patch he put on and what geometric figure it resembles.
Hare: Thank you very much children!
“Hide the mouse.”
Goals:
Continue to introduce children to the six primary colors and teach them to distinguish them. Develop reaction speed, attention, thinking. Strengthen knowledge about animals.
Material:
Demonstration: pieces of paper of six colors (20 - 15), in the middle a white square (8-8), on which a mouse is drawn (mouse house), squares of the same six colors - doors (10x10), a large cardboard toy - a cat, a soft mouse.
Handout: this material is smaller in size - 10x8 colored sheets, 5x5 white squares on them, colored squares.
Progress of the game:
Look, guys, what a little guest we have today. Who is this, right, a mouse? How small, fluffy, and gray she is. Pet her. Children take turns petting the mouse.
- Do you know where the mouse lives? In a mink. Who is the mouse hiding from? From a cat. Look if there is a cat somewhere, otherwise our mouse is afraid. Can we help the mice hide in the hole? Now we will play with you the game “Hide the Mouse”.
First, we will learn to play it together. I have Mouse houses. I arrange three houses on the demonstration board, next to them I place six squares of six colors. You see mice peeking out the window.
To hide the mouse, you need to close the window with a door - a square of the same color as the house, otherwise the cat will come and see where the window is, open it and eat the mouse.
I call three children in turn and ask them to close three windows in turn, I find out whether all the windows are well closed.
If someone has made a mistake, I call the child to correct it. I take out the previously hidden cat, which goes to “catch mice.”
“I’ll go and find where the mouse lives here. Children, have you seen the mouse? The cat leaves without finding the mouse. The children are given one piece of paper - a “mouse house” (I give those sitting next to each one a piece of paper of different colors) and six squares of all colors. “Now hide your mice while the cat sleeps. From the squares that are on your plates, choose a square of the same color as your mouse’s house.”
When all the children have completed the task, the cat “goes hunting” again. I walk at a stealthy pace with a cat in my arms, walk through the rows and see whose mouse is poorly hidden. At the same time, I give opportunity to children who have made mistakes. Correct the situation before the cat gets closer to them. If the mistake is not corrected, the cat takes the piece of paper with the mouse from the child.
Everyone played well today, everyone hid their mice, only some of the guys made mistakes (I indicate exactly what mistakes were made). Next time they will definitely hide the mice well.
Games with clothespins.
Goals:
The main goal of didactic games with clothespins is to develop fine motor skills in young children.
Also, these games are aimed at developing the ability to compare and combine objects based on color.
In addition, playing with clothespins helps develop a sense of one’s own movements and the formation of a positive attitude towards working together with an adult. They stimulate children's speech activity.
Progress of the game:
Adult: Guess the riddle.
I'm swimming under the bridge
And I wag my tail.
Children: This is a fish. Adult: (shows a picture of a fish). That's right, it's a fish. Look at the picture and show where the fish’s eye is?
Children show their little eyes
Adult: Where is her mouth?
Children show the mouth of a fish in the picture.
Adult: Where is her tail and fins?
Children show tail and fins.
Adult: Now let's make the fish ourselves.
Children need to choose clothespins that match the color and add a tail and fins to each fish.
Adult: Guess who this is:
On the back there are needles, long, prickly.
And he curls up into a ball - no head, no legs.
Children: This is a hedgehog. Adult: (shows a picture of a hedgehog). That's right, it's a hedgehog. Show me where his eyes, nose, ears are?
Children show.
Adult: Let's help our hedgehog find the needles.
An adult gives the child a hedgehog cut out of colored cardboard, on which eyes, ears, and a nose are drawn, but there are no needles. Children attach clothespins to the back of the hedgehog.
Adult: (stroking the hedgehog on his new needles). Oh! What a prickly hedgehog has become!
Here's a new mystery.
The prickly, green one was cut down with an axe.
A beautiful, green one was brought to our house.
Children. This is a Christmas tree.
Adult: Yes, it’s a Christmas tree, but it’s crying. She lost all her needles. Don't cry, don't cry, Christmas tree! We will help you.
An adult distributes triangles cut out of green cardboard to the children. Children choose green clothespins from the box and “return” its needles to the tree.
Adult: (stroking the Christmas tree). Oh! The Christmas tree has pins and needles!
Adult: Where is the sun? It has lost its rays. What color are the rays of the sun?
Children. Yellow.
Adult: That's right. Let's help the sun. Sun, look out, yellow, shine.
Polyanka
Goals:
Learn to group objects by color.
Establish identities and differences in color of homogeneous objects.
Learn to understand the words “color”, “this”, “not like this”, “different”.
Progress of the lesson:
Educator: Children want to go for a walk? Let's go for a walk to the music. We come to the clearing. Oh, where are we?
How did you guess? Right.
Grass, trees, flowers grow in the forest. These are not just flowers, but houses for butterflies.
Now, I will give each of you a cardboard butterfly toy. Music is playing. Children, let's “fly” with our butterflies. And now the butterflies are tired. Let's put butterflies in our houses. Be careful! Each butterfly must sit on its own house. They imprisoned me.
The game helps to learn or reinforce learned colors in a playful way.
You can repeat this with leaves of different colors.
Lacing game.
The game guide is aimed at developing fine motor skills of the hand, refinement of finger movements, concentration, and promotes the development of eye accuracy, coordination and sequence of actions.
It is a good way to prepare the hand for writing, trains perseverance, and often such a game calms the child.
In this game, the development of imagination is also not forgotten: “embroidering” conventional contours in association with real objects is the basis for the development of abstract thinking, generalizations of properties, “seeing the essence of an object.”
I develop manual dexterity
I play with lacing.
I train logic
And fine motor skills!
Didactic games using the M. Montessori method
"Traffic Light", "Bear".
Goal: Encourage the child to engage in independent activities; form a color representation, develop the skill of screwing caps.
Develop fine motor skills, sensory skills, and coherent speech.
Enrich your vocabulary.
You can use the following exercises with corks - children unscrew and twist caps from plastic bottles to their necks.
To fix the color, screw multi-colored corks to matching necks.
Match the cups to the saucers.
Goals:
Teach children to distinguish colors and use color names in speech. Develop fine motor skills and attention.
Materials:
Set of cloth, saucers and cups in different colors.
Progress of the game:
The saucers were first brought to the store. The sellers put them on the shelves. They put these saucers on the top shelf (shows)
Which? (Children's answers).
On the bottom - like this. What color are they? (Children's answers). Are the saucers on the top shelf and the ones on the bottom the same color? (Children's answers).
Then the cups arrived. Let's help sellers choose the right cups for the saucers. They should be the same color as the saucers.
The teacher places flat cardboard cups on the table. He instructs the child to match the cups to the saucers.
Approves the actions of the child, who, after looking carefully at the saucers, selects all the necessary cups. He asks what color they are.
"Beads"
Goal: strengthening and development of fine motor skills, visual-motor coordination; distinguishing objects by shape, color and material; development of perseverance
Materials: buttons of various sizes and colors; beads of different shapes, sizes, materials; wire, fishing line, thin thread.
Progress: The presenter invites the child to make beads. You can suggest making beads according to the sample, and choosing buttons according to shape and color. Perhaps the child himself can offer his own version of making beads. After this, the child begins to create beads.
"Braid your hair"
Target:
develop the ability to braid a braid in three strands, strengthen and develop fine motor skills of the fingers, cultivate perseverance and patience in work.
Progress:
The teacher attaches flagella (small braided braids) to a stand or table, so that the upper ends are secured together or at a close distance from each other, and the lower ends remain free. Together with your child, examine the braids of a doll or one of the children, and show how you can weave the same braids from fixed “strands.” Then invite the child to try to braid his own hair.
“Put the pieces in their places!”
Goal: To introduce flat geometric shapes - square, circle, triangle, oval, rectangle. Learn to select the right shapes using different methods.
Materials: Flat geometric shapes (circles, squares, triangles). Montessori insert frame.
Progress:
Take the figures out of the recesses and play with them: “Here are funny colorful figures. It's a circle, it rolls - like that! And this is a square. It can be installed. And now the figures are jumping (dancing).” Then invite the children to place the figures “in their beds”: “Evening has come. It's time for the figures to rest. Let's put them to bed in their beds."
Give the children one figurine each and ask them to take turns finding a place for each of them. When the kids have laid out the figures, sum up the game: “Now all the figures have found their beds and are resting.” Then show and name all the figures again, without asking the children to repeat. This game can be repeated many times, changing its plot each time.
“Find a window for the figurine”
Target:
Teach children to correlate the shape of parts with the shape of the hole.
Progress:
The game is played with the participation of 3-4 children. The teacher lays out geometric shapes on the table and hands out cards with embossed figures to the children. The teacher suggests looking at the cards and circling the windows with their fingers.
— Which figure is suitable for your window?
If the child chooses the wrong figure, give him the opportunity to make sure that it is not suitable and offer to choose the next one. When the child finds a suitable one, you should praise him, demonstrate to the other players that the window has closed and invite him to open and close the window several times on his own. Then the next child selects a figure for his window.
