Organization of active recreation in preschool institutions

This academic year, in the year of the 22nd Winter Olympics, we will all become more familiar with physical education and sports than ever before!

The greatest teacher and pediatrician E.A. Arkin in his book “Preschool Age” emphasized that the physical education of a preschooler consists not only of performing muscle exercises, mastering hygiene skills and promoting health. He believed that physical culture in preschool age is “a culture of feelings, attention, will, beauty, culture of the whole character” [2, p. 132].

And of course, all these qualities are best developed through active recreation for preschoolers, as one of the forms of organizing the motor activity of preschoolers. What associations do you have regarding active recreation for preschool children?

This is something sunny! Because it's summer. How much joy, light and pleasure active recreation brings! It contains everything: meetings, handshakes of friends, and wishes to each other. And also - enthusiasm, competitive spirit, success and failure, interesting games and exciting attractions!

Active recreation is a cultural and leisure activity that relieves fatigue and tension, restores both the physical and emotional resources of the child.

The specificity of active recreation is to create an environment that encourages the creative use of existing motor skills and abilities in the process of playful communication with peers and adults.

We organize the content of active recreation activities in accordance with:

age characteristics,

health status, physical fitness of children;
the content of the physical education program and the amount of educational material covered;
time of year, weather and climatic conditions;

Forms of organizing active recreation

- physical education holidays;

— physical education;

— days of health;

— health weeks;

- preschool tourism (outings - hikes, excursions, travel, activities in clubs);

— small forms of active recreation (physical education minutes, physical education breaks)

The basis of all activities is the motor activity of children. Their main goal is to satisfy the natural biological need for movement.

Conditions:

activation of each participant;
widespread use of various gaming techniques, gaming exercises, riddles, and musical works;

The theme determines the content of the event, humor, music, games, competitions, and a joyful atmosphere contribute to the activation of motor activity.

Select exercises that children have mastered in the process of educational activities. They can be updated by introducing unexpected conditions, unusual benefits and ways of organization. Load control and regulation techniques are widely used.

ensure high physical activity of children.

Tasks:

The results of experimental studies by G. Lehnert and I. Lachman indicate that various types of active recreation provide restoration of a number of physiological functions, as well as the prevention of neurotic conditions associated with overexertion.

It should be noted that active recreation, which organically combines different types of activities (motor, play, cognitive, work, communication), contributes to both the improvement and enrichment of the general cultural development of the child.

Active recreation, built on the predominant use of play exercises and outdoor games, is an effective means of developing interest in physical activity.

Develop basic physical qualities: endurance, attention, courage, perseverance, organization.
Foster a sense of collectivism and friendship.

Active recreation, which involves collective motor actions, opens up great opportunities for the formation of children's social behavior, since it ensures a high degree of their interaction.

Physical education and holidays

— the most effective forms of active recreation for preschool children.

The main differences between physical education leisure and holidays:

- physical leisure activities are held 1-2 times a month, holidays - 1-2 times a year;

- physical leisure is intended for 1-2 groups of kindergarten, holiday - for children of all ages. institutions (for other gardens - 2 or more);

- duration of leisure time - duration of recreational activity, holiday - 1 hour (no more than 90 minutes);

- leisure is spent in a normal setting, indoors or on a site, with the usual attributes, a holiday is spent outdoors: on a site, at a stadium, in a forest clearing, in a park;

Recently, sports competitions for preschool children and small Olympic games have become widespread. Analysis of observations showed that getting involved in holding such mass events is not always advisable with preschoolers, because negatively affects the health of children, overwork occurs in the child’s nervous system that has not yet become stronger.

The structure of the holiday is as follows:

the opening begins with the participants entering the site,
then formation, raising the flag,
Next is the parade of participants.
After the ceremonial part, there are demonstration performances consisting of general developmental exercises with various formations and objects.
Games with elements of competition, relay races, various types of sports exercises and sports games bring great excitement.
Maintaining interest and creating a festive mood is facilitated by the inclusion of a “surprise moment” in the content.
The conclusion summarizes the results. There is an awards ceremony for children, a general round dance or dance, and a parade of participants.

Health days, health week

The daily routine is filled with active physical activity of children, independent games, and musical entertainment. During the cold season, stay outdoors is extended as much as possible. In the warm season, children’s whole life is transferred to the open air.

The health day begins with a morning reception for children, which can take place in an entertaining, comic form. Children and parents are asked to complete various fun tasks before they get into the group: this could be an “obstacle course,” asking riddles about sports, and so on.

Parents and kindergarten workers are invited to attend morning exercises.

The further program of the first half of the health day is different for each group. It includes the simplest hiking trips, outdoor games and exercises, competitions, contests and so on. It would be advisable to coincide with this by introducing new physical education aids and motor toys. Colorful, unusual design of the territory of the kindergarten and group areas helps to lift the mood and increase the activity of children in games.

In the afternoon, a physical education holiday or physical leisure time can be held.

During the holidays, optimal conditions are created for children’s daily, independent motor and artistic activities, hiking and other physical education activities are held.

The purpose of Health Day and Health Week is to prevent the nervous system, improve the health of the body and maintain a positive emotional state of the child’s psyche.

Health Day is held from the second junior group.

Conducted at least once a quarter.

On this day, his stay in the air, in nature, is ensured. On this day, educational forms of work with children that require intellectual stress are not carried out. Children play interesting, favorite games, listen to music, sing, engage in creative activities, work activities, and have fun communicating with each other. A festive, joyful atmosphere reigns in the groups; the teacher tries to prevent conflicts and ensures calm communication between children and each other.

Health week (holidays)

The next form of active recreation is a vacation or a health week as it is now commonly called.

Health Week in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard can be held within the framework of a thematic week.

The content of such weeks consists of organizing artistic, creative, musical and physical education activities.

They are held 2-3 times a year: in early January, in the summer (the third time may be at the end of March).

Organizing a vacation requires careful preparation of the teacher, thoughtfulness and a creative atmosphere.

Preschool tourism

We are still very hesitant to introduce this form of active recreation into teaching activities for various reasons: mainly because of safety, complexity in organization.

Interestingly thought-out motor activities of children in natural conditions develop preschoolers’ interest in tourism and physical education, and increase motivation for a healthy lifestyle.

Types of preschool tourism:

tourist walk
tourist excursion
tourist trip.

A tourist walk as a short-term group outing with an active method of movement around the territory of a kindergarten or microdistrict for the purpose of relaxation and learning.

A tourist excursion is considered as a group visit to one or more excursion sites for educational and educational purposes.

A tourist trip is the passage of a group along a certain route in an active way of learning, physical development, performing socially useful and local history work along the way, certain sports and tourist standards, and meaningful recreation.

Before you go on a camping trip with your children, you need to introduce them to this exciting sport. Through a series of educational activities, children should learn who tourists are, why people engage in tourism, and what they need to know and be able to do to become a tourist. In practical classes, children master the skills of properly packing a backpack, using a compass and a route map.

The most acceptable are educational and training trips.

Based on the content of all types of tourism training, the main means of tourism in working with preschoolers include:

physical exercises with maximum use of the natural and social environment, aimed at developing physical qualities, coordination abilities, rational overcoming of natural obstacles and mastering the technique of movement in walking and skiing;
special motor tasks for the development of spatial orientation;
outdoor games with search situations indoors and on the ground;

Hikes are carried out regularly, starting from the 2nd junior group, taking into account the age characteristics and capabilities of the child of this group, his state of health, individual indicators and doctor’s recommendations. The teacher carefully prepares for field trips and plans them on a calendar. Schoolchildren, older brothers and sisters, prominent athletes and other interesting people are often invited.

Approximate structure of a walk/trip:

collection and movement until the first halt (15-35 minutes);
stop, rest, natural history activity (10-20 min);
a set of games and exercises (25-30 min);
independent activity of children (15-20 min);
gathering of pupils and return to kindergarten (15-20 min).

The content of walks and hikes depends on the chosen topic and time of year. You can organize observation of insects, birds, collection of natural material, reading natural history literature and a conversation about what you have heard.

When conducting walks and hikes with children, teachers follow certain safety rules:

the upcoming route is carefully studied and approved by the head of the preschool educational institution;
the content of the event is clearly planned and the appropriate equipment is selected (individual backpacks, fresh drinking water, disposable cups according to the number of children, attributes for organizing sports, didactic games, independent activities of preschoolers;
It is mandatory to have a first aid kit; every adult accompanying a group of children must know its contents well and be able to use it;
clothing and footwear of the participants of the walk/hike must correspond to the season and weather conditions.

Walks – hikes are organized in the first half of the day at the expense of the time allocated for morning walks and physical education activities in the air.

Small forms of active recreation for preschoolers.

These include physical education minutes (FM), physical education breaks (PE) and physical education mini-breaks (FMP).

Physical education sessions are physical exercises aimed at restoring children’s performance. Often teachers conduct complex physical education sessions. Such complexes consist of 3-5 exercises and last no more than 1.5-3 minutes.

Physical education breaks differ from physical education minutes primarily in their duration and are carried out for 6-10 minutes (6-8 exercises). But their main difference is that during physical education sessions, more specific tasks are solved (relieving fatigue from the muscles of the back, neck, arms, etc.). When carrying out physical training breaks (they are also called dynamic breaks), in addition to achieving the same goals, a slight reduction in mental fatigue is ensured. Physical education breaks can be carried out in the form of a set of general developmental exercises, dance and rhythmic gymnastics

or rhythmic dance.

Physical education mini-breaks are the shortest form of active rest and are performed for 20-30 seconds (up to 1 minute). Most often, physical education mini-breaks take place without much movement. This can be head movements, shaking movements of the arms and legs, bending over, breathing exercises, and eye exercises.

All exercises of small forms of active recreation can be divided according to their focus and effect on the body:

a group of general impact exercises that help activate various systems (nervous, muscular, cardiovascular and respiratory) of the child’s body;
sets of exercises used for fatigue of the shoulder girdle, neck, arms;
a group of exercises aimed at restoring the functionality of the hands and fingers;
a group of exercises used for eye fatigue;
a group of exercises that help increase the excitability of the nervous system or have a mobilizing nature (used for monotonous work);
a group of exercises aimed at activating attention, facilitating switching from one activity to another;
sets of exercises that promote the formation and strengthening of posture;
exercises aimed at relaxing muscles and breathing (used during intense mental and physical work)

Practice shows that a positive result is ensured by close contact with medical staff and family.

The family largely determines children’s attitude towards physical education and their interest in sports. Therefore, it is important to carry out the work in close cooperation with parents.

The effectiveness of this work is obvious:

During active recreation, children get the opportunity to show independence and initiative; conditions are created for emotional and psychological well-being.

Active recreation of children in kindergarten

Olga Bogdanova

Active recreation of children in kindergarten

In modern society, high demands are placed on a person, on his knowledge and abilities. The influence of various negative environmental factors on the human body is constantly increasing, which lead to deterioration of health, to a decrease in mental and physical potential.

Concern for human health has become a priority throughout the world.

According to the World Health Organization, health is not simply the absence of disease or infirmity, but a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being.

Today the word “physical inactivity”

. Many understand it simplistically - as a lack of movement.

Research suggests that most children today experience “motor deficits.”

, that is, the number of movements is below the age norm.
It's no secret that most of the time is spent in a static position (at the computer, at the table or in front of the TV)
. This increases the static load on certain muscle groups and causes them to fatigue. The strength and performance of skeletal muscles decreases, which entails poor posture, curvature of the spine, delayed age-related development of speed, flat feet, strength and flexibility.

For many years, physical education has been viewed as a unified system of activities aimed at teaching children to control their bodies and help them master such important movements as running, walking, jumping, etc.

Aristotle said: Movement is life. Nothing exhausts and weakens a person more than prolonged physical exposure.

Preschool age is an important period in the formation of a person’s physical health. It is in preschool age that the most favorable time is for developing the right habits, which, in combination with teaching preschoolers how to improve and maintain health, will lead to positive results.

Motor activity is the most important component of the organization and behavior of preschool children. It depends on the organization of children’s , on the level of their motor fitness, on the conditions of social life and on the individual characteristics of the physique, on the functional capabilities of the growing organism.

In our kindergarten, systematic work is carried out to ensure adequate active recreation for pupils , protect and strengthen their health, prevent diseases , and promote a healthy lifestyle. There are various physical education organizations in the system of physical education and health work. Active recreation occupies a special place , an important condition for which is the emotional background; interesting actions in sports games and exercises give rise to positive emotions and a cheerful, cheerful mood. A preschool child is a person with a constant need for movement, and this feature of the child’s body needs to be supported and developed. Therefore, the main task for me is Active rest :

— Sports activities;

They increase interest in activities, strengthen motor qualities such as agility and speed, and have a beneficial effect on children’s . Sports activities vary in organization and content. Sports leisure is full of action, takes place without pauses or waste of time, and is carried out once a month in each group for no more than 20-50 minutes, depending on the age of the children .

— Physical education holidays;

promote familiarization with physical culture and sports, foster a sense of friendliness, collectivism, and discipline. Conducted starting from the middle group. During the physical education festival, children take an interested part in a variety of physical activities - exercises, outdoor and sports games, relay races, dancing and attractions. They act with great emotional enthusiasm, striving to achieve the best results in a competitive environment. Show independence and initiative, promote the active use of previously acquired motor skills and abilities. Physical education holidays relieve children from overstrain and at the same time provide the necessary physical activity and emotional uplift. Children prepare for the holiday in advance: they learn songs and poems, prepare a motto and team name. The widespread use of various gaming techniques, game exercises, riddles, and musical works contributes to a positive emotional mood in children and the active use of previously acquired motor skills and abilities. Thus, overly active children develop the ability to complete a task, showing attentiveness and achieving accuracy in execution. They develop a desire not only for high individual but also team success. Sedentary children learn to navigate space well and freely, participate with interest in group games, showing qualities such as reaction speed, dexterity and flexibility.

Usually, physical education holidays are held cheerfully, amicably, in a heightened, emotional mood.

- Holidays;

fun time. In our kindergarten they are held twice a year (in January and May)

lasting one week.
During the holidays, educational activities related to mental activity are canceled. children’s daily, independent motor activity and physical education activities, where children , so that children feel that the holidays are a holiday, joy and fun. Parents, brothers and sisters of our students take part in physical education celebrations. The positive example of adults serves to increase parental authority. This form of active recreation helps improve physical education and mass work among children and adults .
— Days of health;

promotes the formation and development in children of the necessary ideas about health, motivation for a healthy lifestyle, creating an atmosphere of friendship, trust, mutual assistance, and the desire to help each other. This is not just part of educational work, it is also a holiday. in our kindergarten to celebrate Health Day on the last day of every month. On this day, all educational classes in all age groups are canceled, the daily routine is filled with active children's activities . Through entertainment, play exercises and competitions, I help children learn about themselves, evenly distribute their strengths and capabilities under any load. On Health Day, I try to ensure that every child leaves the gym in a cheerful mood and with acquired knowledge.

- Sport games;

are aimed at improving health, improving the overall physical fitness of children , and satisfying their need for movement. Sports games contribute to the development of positive character traits in preschoolers and create favorable conditions for developing friendly relations in a team and mutual assistance. The main goal is to familiarize children with sports games and exercises, laying the basics of correct technique. Sports games represent the greatest educational value and require the most extensive participation of all spiritual and physical forces. This is where the planned plan and the speed of the decision come together. Prudence in its implementation, presence of mind in unforeseen cases, tirelessness and perseverance in carrying out the plan to a strictly intended goal.

— Hiking and skiing trips.

is an effective means of comprehensive development of a child’s personality. This form of active recreation is the step at which children acquire initial knowledge about the world around them. Trips are planned in advance and are provided outside the kindergarten . Children love hiking and can walk quite a long distance. The main objectives are to develop self-organization skills, discipline, foster a sense of camaraderie and mutual assistance. They create favorable conditions for children’s , learning new things, nurturing a love of nature, give a charge of cheerfulness, optimism and good mood, form a sense of mutual assistance, collectivism, responsibility, promote nurturing patriotic feelings in children . All children receive positive emotions and vivid impressions from both hiking and skiing trips. It is on hikes that children learn a lot of new and useful information on safe behavior in the forest, admire the beauty of their native nature, and broaden their horizons.

When organizing active recreation, I take into account climatic conditions, seasonal characteristics, and natural factors. Positive results are achieved through close cooperation between the preschool institution and the family. Children and parents are notified in advance about the program and time of the upcoming event so that they can also actively participate in its preparation.

Activity in movement is a necessary condition for the normative growth and development of children’s .